1873 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
333 
Sow Oi-ass Seed on vacant spots in meadows and 
harrow it in. 
Corn should be cut as soon as the grain is glazed. 
The fodder will be wanted next winter. Better 
cut too early than run the risk of having it injured 
by frost. 
Attend the Fairs, and take your hired men and 
boys with you. Try and interest them in the im¬ 
plements, machines, and improved stock. 
The Ladies should by all means go to the fair and 
have a good time. They should go to enjoy them¬ 
selves. Take a basket of refreshments along. The 
eating arrangements at our fairs are usually of the 
most wretched description, ff you see one of the 
Agriculturist's editors around, looking tired and 
hungry, ask him to take a bite. 
Clover Seed should be ready to cut this month. 
Nearly all our combined reaper and mower ma¬ 
chines cut it to perfection and rake it into bunches. 
The crop should be well cured and put in the barn. 
It is a difficult crop to secure in a stack without 
thatching. It is better not to thrash until cold 
weather. 
Animaxs. —When hay is scarce and high, as it 
now is with us, it is desirable to let all the animals 
run out at pasture. 
Horses when running at pasture, unless it is unu¬ 
sually good, should not he worked as many hours 
as when fed on hay and grain. They require more 
time to eat. Give a feed of oats morning, noon, 
and night. Groom well at night before turning 
them out. 
Cows will pay well for a little extra food night 
and morning. Corn-meal is now the cheapest food 
we have. It should be mixed with cut feed. 
Sheep do not require any special care this month, 
but should not be neglected. See that the ram 
does not get to the flock of ewes unless you wisli 
very early lambs. If you do, select out the strong¬ 
est ewes and feed them a little grain for a week or 
so, or until they arc served. 
Lambs should be weaned, ana the ewes put in a 
rather poor pasture and at some distance from the 
lambs. Let the lambs have the best of pasture 
and half a pint of grain each per day. Milk the 
ewes if necessary. 
Dip the Sheep in a solution of carbolic soap to 
kill ticks and prevent scab, etc. 
Swine .—Pigs that are fat should be disposed of. 
Pigs intended for fattening this fall should be 
pushed forward as rapidly as possible. Let them 
run out at pasture if convenient, but give them all 
the corn-thcy will eat. 
Breeding Sows should have the run of a good 
clover or grass pasture. They will require little 
other food. 
Young Pigs ought to get the richest and best 
of food. There is nothing so good as skimmed 
milk with cooked corn-meal 
-- . -— «— , m - 
Work in the Horticultural Departments. 
With September comes harvests, and though 
they may not be so abundant as the early spring 
promised there is not likely to be a very great 
scarcity in fruit or vegetables. A short harvest 
demands all the more care in preserving and mak¬ 
ing the most of what we have. In this month we 
are reminded that summer is over, and that pre¬ 
parations for winter can not be longer delayed. It 
is good economy to be a little ahead of the season 
in making ready for winter. 
©rcltard and Nursery. 
Picking and Marketing fruit will occupy much of 
the attention of the orchardist. The articles by 
Mr. Helfrich in this and in preceding numbers are 
so full and so practical that we need say no more 
on this subject, but request all who send fruit 
to city markets to read them carefully and profit 
by their instructions. Those who take their fruit 
to village markets near by would find it to their 
interest to take more pains than they usually do. 
Apples are shaken from the trees, thrown into a 
wagon-body, and sold for what they will bring. If 
nothing more cau be done, let the wagon-body be 
lined with straw, and only fine, sound fruit be put 
in. It would be much better if the fruit could be 
taken in bushel baskets or even boxes. Attention 
to appearances will pay even in small markets. 
Drying Fruit .—When the amount is large enough 
to warrant it, the American Dryer described in 
March last should be used. For small lots a 
frame covered with hot-bed or window sash will 
answer a good purpose. The frame or box should 
be raised from the ground, and have openings for 
ventilation, which are to be covered by wire-gauze 
or mosquito-netting to keep out flies and other 
insects. 
Budding is to be continued. The time will vary 
with the season ; when good buds can be procured, 
and the stock is in a growing-condition so that the 
bark will lift, the operation may be performed. 
Prepare for Fall Planting .—In mild climates, 
where the autumn is prolonged, fall planting of all 
except the stone fruits is advisable. Prepare the 
land by draining, manuring, and plowing, and mark 
it out, and set a stake showing the position of each 
tree, so that the planting may be done as soon as 
the trees can be procured from the nursery. 
Labels will be needed, as those sent from the 
nursery are not sufficiently permanent. Pine labels, 
rubbed with white-lead and written upon with a 
lead-pencil, are most in use. Some prefer labels of 
sheet-zinc written with a common lead-pencil. 
These are said to last for years. 
Seeds for nursery stock should be secured as they 
mature. Peach and plum stones should not be 
allowed to become too dry. Mix them with sand, 
and place them where they will be exposed to 
freezing during winter. 
Insects require attention almost every month. 
Wind-falls should be picked up and fed to the pigs, 
as they generally contain a grub. Cocoons and 
all kinds of nests should 1 e removed as soon as 
discovered. Whenever sawdust is found near the 
root of a tree a borer is at work, and should be 
cut or probed out. 
Visit the Fairs .—There is no way in which a fruit¬ 
grower can learn so much as by visiting fairs where 
there is a good display of fruit and a goodiy gath¬ 
ering of fruit cultivators. These gentlemen are 
generally very free to communicate their expe¬ 
rience for the benefit of others. Take along with 
you all the 
Nameless Varieties in your collection. There al¬ 
ways will be in every large orchard some varieties 
of which the name is lost. It is very unsatisfac¬ 
tory to have a fruit without a name, and, more than 
this, its value is sensibly diminished if it is sent to 
market nameless. 
Fruit Garden. 
Make preparations for fall planting, and let 
them be thorough. Deep tillage and plenty of 
manure are essential to satisfactory results. 
Blackberries will need occasional pinching to keep 
the canes and their lateral branches within bounds. 
If the old canes were not removed as soon as the 
crop was off, do it now. All shoots that come up 
between the rows should be hoed down unless 
wanted to make new plantations. 
Raspberries require similar treatment to black¬ 
berries. Only three or four canes should be left to 
a stool. Black-caps should be kept bushy by 
pruning, unless it is desired to multiply them, 
when the branches may be allowed to reach the 
ground and take root at the tips. 
Strawberries .—Plant as early this month as plants 
can be procured. 
Pears .—The general rule is to pick- when fully 
matured but before they mellow. The time will 
vary with the variety. When upon lifting a pear 
gently it parts readily from the tree it is ready to 
pick. If picked too early they will shrivel, and if 
left too long on the tree they will lack flavor. A 
little experience will soon teach the proper time. 
All pears should be ripened in the house. A good 
plan is to lay them between the folds of a blanket 
if there is no regular fruit room. 
Crapes. —As the early varieties ripen there will 
be a contest with the birds, and probably some 
shooting must be done. Directions for packing 
for market have been given. The later varieties 
may remain on until there is danger cf frost. 
Kitchen Garden. 
As soon as a crop is off let the land be cleared at 
once, taking the rubbish to the pig-pen or the 
manure-heap as may be most advisable. The land 
may be manured and prepared for a spring crop, 
or for spinach or “greens” to be wintered over. 
Beans. —Limas should be picked before frost. 
String-beans may be preserved by breaking them 
up as for cooking, and putting them down in jars 
with alternate layers of salt. 
Cabbages and Cauliflowers. —Seeds of these are to 
be sown now for early crops next spring. In the 
neighborhood of New York the seeds of these are 
sown from the 10th to the 20th of the month, and 
give plants large enough to prick out into cold 
frames next month. Give the growing crop fre¬ 
quent lioeings, and if slugs injure them dust 
lime freely about the plants. 
Sweet-Corn. —Save the best ears for 6eed. In dry¬ 
ing use none older than would be fit for the table. 
Small quantities maybe dried quickly in a stove- 
oven when the fire is low or the door left open. 
Cucumbers for pickles, if wanted of small size, 
must be picked every day. Put into brine strong 
enough to float an egg. Large ones may be used 
for sweet pickles. 
Celery will probably be late this season. Accele¬ 
rate the growth by frequent lioeings, and when 
large enough begin the earthing up; handle care¬ 
fully so that no earth will get among the stalks. 
Endive. —Blanch when theplants are a foot across. 
This may be done by tying up, or by covering with 
a flower-pot, or by laying on with boards. 
Kale or Greens may be sown for early spring. 
The variety called “ sprouts ” or German greens is 
the hardiest. 
Melons are fit to pick when the stem parts readily 
from the fruit. The fruit is much improved by 
putting it upon ice a few hours before it is eaten. 
Onions are ready to harvest as soon .as the tops 
of a larger portion of the crop have fallen down. 
Let them dry in the sun for a few days, putting 
them in heaps at night, before storing. Store in an 
airy loft in thin layers to prevent heating. 
Radish. —The Chinese Itose- colored is an excel¬ 
lent winter variety, and may be sown this month, 
and treated the same as turnips. 
Spinach. —Sow for wintering about the middle of 
the month in drills 15 inches apart; give good cul¬ 
tivation, and when large enough thin if necessary 
to prevent the plants from being too crowded. 
Sweet-Potatoes need not be harvested until frost 
touches the tops, but by carefully feeling in the 
rows some of the larger ones can be taken out for 
the table and the rest allowed to grow. 
Squa Kis. —Do not disturb the vines if they liavo 
rooted at the joints. Harvest upon the first indica¬ 
tions of frost. Save the green ones to use first. 
Tomatoes. —The large “ green worm ” will make 
havoc not only with leaves but green fruit. The 
only remedy is to catch and kill. Cut away super¬ 
fluous growth of vines. Preserve and make catsup 
while the fruit is in perfection. 
Turnips .— The round sorts may be sown early 
this month in all spare places. Keep the Swedes 
or Ruta bagas growing by proper cultivation. 
Lettuce.— Sow for early crops or for forcing. 
Weeds will require to be kept down, as they seed 
abundantly this month. 
Flower-Garden and Fawn. 
If the planting was properly considered, the 
garden should now be more brilliant than at any 
