August 3, 1893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
109 
For twelve Picotees, dissimilar, first, Mr. T. Lord, with Norman 
Carr, Thomas William, (a wonderfully fine bloom), Little Phil, Morna, 
(good), Zerlina (fine), Mr. Payne, Mrs. Gorton, Mr. Sharp, Mary 
D. Anstiss, (a superb bloom). Favourite, Campanini, and Alliance. 
Second, Mr. E. Shaw, with Little Phil, Nellie (excellent), Mrs. Open- 
shaw (Geggie’s, a grand flower and will take a leading position), John 
Smith, Thomas William, Morna, Clara Penson, Favourite, Muriel (fine), 
Daisy, Mrs. Summers and Campanini. Third, Mr. J. Whitham. Fourth, 
Mr. A. R. Brown, Birmingham. Fifth, Mr. H. Geggie. Sixth, Mr. H. 
Pomroy, Stakehill, Manchester. 
For six Carnations, dissimilar, fiist, Mr. Crossley Head, Hebden 
Bridge, with Master Fred (fine), George, Gordon Lewis (fine), Fanny 
Hudson, Joe Edwards, and Richard Bealey. Second, Mr. G. Thorniley, 
Middleton, with C. H. Herbert, Joe Edwards, Master Fred, Young 
Meynill, Ivanhoe, and Thalia. Third, Mr. G. Maddock, Wakefield. 
Fourth, Mr. W. Kenyon, Bury. Fifth, Mr. Squire Greenwood, Hebden 
Bridge. Sixth, Mr. Joe Edwards, Blackley. Seventh, Mr. Pomroy. 
Eighth, Mr. C. F. Thurstans, Wolverhampton. 
For six Picotees, dissimilar, first, Mr. Crossley Head with Morna 
(good). Little Phil, Miss Wood, Thomas William, Lady Louisa (a very 
fine bloom), and Zerlina. Second, Mr. C. F. Thurstans with Dr. Epps 
(grand), Zerlina, Mary, Thomas William (very fine). Mrs. Sharp, and 
Campanini. Third, Mr. J. Edwards ; fourth, Mr. W. Kenyon ; fifth, 
Mr. B. Simonite, Shefiield ; sixth, Mr. Thorniley; seventh, Mr. Green¬ 
wood ; eighth, Mr. Maddock. 
For twelve seifs, first, Mr. E. Shaw, with Germania, Reuben Butler 
(two), Mrs. Muir, Lillie Shaw, Mrs. Fred, Mrs. Lee, and four seedlings. 
Second, Mr. A. R. Brown, Handsworth, Birmingham, with Ruby, Mrs. 
Fre3, Attraction, Germania (two blooms), Wieland (two), Koerner, 
Patience, Aurora, Hebe, and Berenger. Third, Mr. J. Edwards. Fourth, 
Mr. T. Lord. For six seifs, first, Mr. Kenyon. Second, Mr. Pomroy. 
Third, Mr. C. F. Thurstans. 
For twelve Fancy Carnations or Picotees, first, Mr. A. R. Brown, 
Birmingham, with an excellent stand of flowers, made up from his fine 
remaining blooms on his plants—viz., Alice Brook, fine; Janira, Eclipse, 
Dodwell’s Seedling 166, Richard Tryan, Romulus, Schleiben (two), 
Agnes Chambers, Lilian (grand), Stadrath Bail, and Terra Cotta. 
Second, Mr. B. Simonite, with Romulus and eleven seedlings. Third, 
Mr. Pomroy. For six Fancy varieties.—First, Mr. J. Edwards, with 
Harlequin, Jessica, Mrs. Robert Sydenham, A. W. Jones, Dodwell’s 
Seedling 680, and a seedling. 
In the single bloom classes the awards were as follows ;—Scarlet 
bizarre.—First and fifth, Mr. T. Lord with George, and third with Duke 
of York. Second, Mr, E. Shaw with George. Fourth, Mr. G. Thorniley 
with C, H. Herbert. Crimson bizarre.—First and second, Mr. T. Lord 
with Master Fred. Third and fourth, Mr. T. Maddock with Edward 
Schofield, Fifth, Mr. C. F. Thurstans with Master Fred. Pink and 
purple bizarre,—First and second, Mr. T. Lord with Seedling No. 4, and 
third and fifth with Arline. Fourth, Mr. Maddock with Sarah Payne, 
Scarlet flake.—First, second, and fifth, Mr, G, Thorniley with Joe 
Edwards, Third Mr. Geggie, and fourth Mr. Simonite with William 
Dean. Rose flake.—First and fifth, Mr. T. Lord with Thalia. Second, 
Mr. Maddock with a seedling. Third, Mr. J. Edwards with Teddy, and 
fourth with Mrs. Gunn. Purple flake.—First, Mr. Lord with Gordon 
Lewis, third with Mayor of Nottingham, and fourth with James 
Douglas. Second Mr. B. Simonite, and fifth Mr. J. Whitham with 
James Douglas. 
Picotees were shown thus :—Heavy red edge.—First, Mr. Lord, 
with Mary D. Anstiss, very fine, fourth with the same variety, and 
second with Morna, Third, Mr. Shaw, with Morna. Fifth, Mr, 
Thurston, with Dr, Epps. Light red edge.—First, second, and fifth, 
Mr. Lord ; third, Mr. Thurstans ; fourth, Mr. Shaw ; all with Thomas 
William. Heavy purple edge. — First, Mr. Geggie ; second, Mr. 
Thorniley; fourth, Mr. Shaw; all with Mrs. Openshaw ; third, Mr. 
Lord ; and fifth, Mr. A. R. Brown ; with Muriel, Light purple edge,— 
First, third, and fourth, Mr. Thurstans ; second, Mr. Brown ; and fifth, 
Mr. Chadwick ; all with Mary. Heavy rose edge.—First, Mr. Brown ; 
second, Mr. Thorniley ; both with Mrs. Payne ; third and fifth, Mr. 
Lord, with Mrs. Sharp ; fourth, Mr. Kenyon, with Little Phil. Light 
rose edge.—First, Mr. Thorniley ; second, Mr. Kenyon ; and fourth, 
Mr. Brown ; all with Nellie ; fifth, Mr. Shaw, with Favourite. 
The premier Carnation was a grand bloom of George, from Mr. T, 
Lord ; the best Picotee being a superb bloom of Thomas William, also 
from Mr. Lord. 
A first-class certificate was awarded to Mr. T. Maddock for Edward 
Schofield, a fine high coloured crimson bizarre Carnation in the style 
of Joseph Lakin, A certificate was also awarded to Mr. Joe Edwards 
for a dark maroon self Carnation of fine form, petal, and substance, and 
named Mancussian. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
The “Acme” Chemical Company, Limited., St. Stephen’s Street, 
Tunbridge.— Weedkiilers, Shading, Anti-Fungi Poiodcr, X'c. 
De Vries & Co., Aurora Nursery, Beverwijk, Haarlem .—Bulbous 
Plants. 
Messrs. Laxton Bros., Bedford .—New Strawberries and Coloured 
Plate. 
E. D. Shuttleworth & Co., Albert Nurseries, Peckham Eye, London, 
S.E —Trade Circular. 
L. Spath, Baumschule, Berlin .—Bulbs and Miscellaneous Plants. 
WOKK.Fo^'r™WEEK., 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Preparing' Ground for Strawberry Planting. —The nature of 
the ground on which future crops of Strawberries are intended to be 
grown must be first taken into consideration. Poor soil is of little use 
for such a gross feeding plant as the Strawberry, but it is possible with too 
much manuring and good soil combined to form a rooting medium which 
will favour the growth of foliage at the expense of fruit. Adding 
manure to ground already full of humus is the most likely to be pro¬ 
ductive of gross growth in Strawberries. Such soils should be deeply 
dug and the whole bulk of material to the depth of 18 inches well 
incorporated. 
The Best Soil .—The best soil for Strawberries is undoubtedly that of 
medium quality and richness. What are usually termed holding loams 
are good, as well as heavy soils not naturally stiff or wet to any extent. 
Such soils encourage a firm and steady growth, not over-luxuriant but 
strong and favourable to fruitfulness. If deeply dug and freely manured 
for any recent crop, such as early Potatoes, very little need be done in 
order to prepare the ground for planting beyond completing the removal 
of the crop, afterwards forking and levelling the surface. 
Light Soil .—On very light gravelly soils it will be advisable to again 
manure the plots intended for Strawberries, giving a heavy or light 
dressing according to the special requirements. As the ground should 
not be too loose when the plants are placed permanently out, its pre¬ 
paration may take place a week or two previously, compressing the 
surface into a firm condition at planting time by the simple operation 
of treading wdth the feet, but only when dry or crumbly. If obtainable 
the addition of clay or marl to light soils will greatly improve them. 
Wet Soil .—Wet soils need special preparation, the subsoil being 
made free and open to allow superfluous water to drain away readily. 
Should water collect within 3 feet of the surface nothing will make 
the soil fit for Strawberry culture but draining. Damp soils produce 
foliage at the expense of fruit, and the latter when produced, except 
perhaps in very dry seasons, is subject to mildew. 
Heavy Soil .—Many soils, usually stiff and heavy, only require work¬ 
ing well to be admirably suited for Strawberry culture. Adding sand, 
road scrapings, or fine coal ashes together with thorough and frequent 
moving and mixing will bring them into suitable condition. Ridging 
roughly in the winter to expose as much surface as possible to the action 
of frost tends to hasten the amelioration of such soil. A season’s culti¬ 
vation is often requisite with the most obstinate and retentive soils. It 
is little or no use planting if the ground is not friable. Better continue 
to work the ground during the autumn, winter, and spring, planting at 
the latter period if the results of thorough cultivation are sufficiently 
evident to warrant it. 
Manure .—Farmyard manure is usually the best to work into the 
ground, not applying it, as a rule, in a fresh state or fully decomposed, 
but partly decayed, it then containing its most important constituents. 
For light soils cow excreta is good, and for very heavy retentive 
ground farmyard manure containing a large proportion of strawy 
material is excellent. 
Trenching Ground .—It is not wise to follow immediately an old 
bed of Strawberries with the same crop again. If, however, it be 
absolutely necessary to do it the best plan to adopt is to pare off the 
strong clumps of plants, leaving the mass of rooted runners, if not 
wanted, and weeds to be trenched in. The nature of the subsoil must 
determine whether ordinary or bastard trenching .should be carried 
out. Boor subsoil must not be brought to the surface, and the rich 
buried deeply. In bastard trenching properly done the layers of soil 
will practically remain the same. Work in plenty of good manure, 
also trench any hard or weedy ground. The deep moving facilitates the 
passage of air and water through it, and an opportunity is afforded of 
burying troublesome weeds, except such as Bindweed or Couch Grass, 
which ought to be picked out as trenching proceeds. The sooner the 
ground for this season’s planting is prepared the better. 
Planting- Strawberries.— In order to secure early and heavy 
supplies of fruit from young plants the first year it is imperative that 
early planting be adopted, and that the best, strongest, and most 
vigorous rooted plants only be inserted. Runners rooted early in pots, 
turves, or mounds of soil will supply plants in the right condition. 
Plant during the first two weeks in August, choosing if possible a dull 
period with the surface not wet. If dry weather prevails at the time of 
planting draw rather deep drills, placing the plants in these so that each 
may be in a slight depression or basin in which water can be poured to 
enable them to become readily established. 
After Treatment .—Along with fresh growth runners will form and 
extend, but nip them off closely and regularly as they show. The Dutch 
hoe run frequently between the rows will loosen the surface soil, destroy 
seedling weeds, and promote growth of the plants. 
Distances to Plant .—The exact distances between the rows and 
plants vary with the different varieties and soils. The width between 
the rows containing the strongest growers may in good soil be 3 feet. 
For robust growers have the rows 2| feet asunder, moderate growing 
