August 3, 1893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
113 
Plums Decaylngr QJames Hvoion). —The fruit is affected by Plum 
rot or the monilia of fruit (Monilia fructigena). It is recommended to 
spray the trees with Bordeaux mixture at a safe strength, say 2 ozs. 
sulphate of copper dissolved in a vessel by itself, 2 ozs. quicklime, slaked 
and formed into a thin whitewash, pouring this into the vessel containing 
the copper SDlution through a hair sieve. Stir well, and dilute to 
^2 gallons. Spray when the fruit is a quarter grown, again when half 
grown, and just before commencing to ripen, yet prior to colouring. The 
only thing that can be done now is to collect and burn all the affected 
fruits and practise clean culture. Although there is a considerable 
amount of flocculent matter on the pieces of branch, it is not fungal, 
but proceeds from the scale, which appears to be allied to the Spindle- 
tree scale (Chionaspis Euonymi). Syringe the trees, as soon as the fruit 
is gathered, with softsoap, half a pound dissolved in a gallon of boiling 
water, place in a 2-gallon stone bottle with a wineglassful of petroleum, 
cork, and agitate violently for five minutes, so as to churn the contents, 
theri pour in a gallon of boiling water or a little less, so as to allow of 
mixing by shaking, pouring into a 4-gallon watering can, and add two 
gallons of hot water, mixing well with the syringe. When cool enough 
(100° Fahr.), syringe the trees, wetting every part with the emulsion, and 
repeat, if necessary, in ten days. In the winter, use the spray treatment 
according to the formula given in vol. i., page 2.51, of the Fruit Growers' 
Guide, to which you refer. 
M’ames of Fruits.— Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In coiisequence 
of the large number of loorthless Agifles and Pears sent to this office to 
be named, it has been decided to name only sgyecimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, which are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (J/. 31. C.). —Apple, Duchess of Oldenburg. (IF. J. B.'). 
—2, Jolly Beggar; 3, Bed Astrachan : 4, Sugar-loaf Pippin : 5, English 
Codlin. (^B. IF.).—White Joanetting. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(^South American). —An Argemone, most probably a sport from A. 
mexicana. (77. IF.).—Harpalium rigidum. (F. B.'). —Calystegia 
pubescens. (fAmateury —Oatananche bicolor. {J. F. Cranswicli ).— 
Rubus odoratus, a native of North America, introduced in 1700. 
(^J. D.'). —1, Saponaria officinalis ; 2, Scutellaria galericulata ; 3, Echium 
violaceum ; 4, Rosa rugosa. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. —August 2nd. 
Heavy supplies to hand with trade quiet. 
FRUIT. 
B. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
Apples, half sieve .. .. 
1 
0 to 3 
6 
Grapes per lb. 
1 
0 
to 2 
0 
„ Tasmanian,per case 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lemons, case ., .. .. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
„ Nova Scotia, per 
Oranges, per 100 ,. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
barrel. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, per doz. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Cherries, half sieve ., .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums, per half sieve 
1 
6 
2 
S 
Filberts, per 100 lbs. ,. 
40 
0 
0 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each ,. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Gooseberries, half sieve .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
s. d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Asparagus, per bundle .. 
0 
0 
.0 0 
0 
Mustard and Oress, punnet 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Onions, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
5 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, dozen ,. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Seakale, per basket .. ., 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
8 
0 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
0 
0 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
AVERAGE 
WHOLESALE 
PRIOES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 to 6 
0 
Asters (French), per bunch 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Myosotis, dozen bunches .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blcoms 
3 
0 
12 
6 
Calceolaria, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Carnations, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
8 
0 
bunches. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
9 
1 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Cornflower, dozen bunches. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Eucharis, dozen. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
„ Red, doz. bunches .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lilium lanoifolium, dozen 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
o 
0 
4 
0 
blooms . 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
Sweet Peas, doz. bimches.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
blooms . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Sultan, per dozen 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms,, .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
Arbor Vit® (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Ivy Geraniums. 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Lilium lancifolium per doz. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Lilium Harrissi, per dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Balsams, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lobelia, pei doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Campanula, per dozen 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracmna terminalis, per 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen ., 
6 
0 
12 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
21 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ferns (small) per hundred 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen.. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
6 
7 
6 
„ scarlet, per dozen.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Petunia, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
5 
0 
9 
0 
„ single, in boxes.. 
1 
G 
3 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
FARM ORCHARDS. 
Now is the time to closely inspect farm orchards, to make 
a critical survey of each tree, so as to form a reliable opinion 
of its condition and requirements ; to decide if it is or is not 
as healthy and as fruitful as it ought to be ; whether it is 
capable of improvement under special treatment, or is worth¬ 
less and a mere waster of valuable space. Seven such special 
inspections have we made recently, all of them highly important, 
showing, as they did, how general is the ignorance of the mere 
rudiments of fruit culture even in its most simple guise of 
the grass farm orchard. This is all the more deplorable from 
the fact that many of the trees of both Apples and Pears in 
such orchards have heavy crops of fruit this season, very much 
of which is so small as to be comparatively worthless for 
market. “ The trees bear well, but the fruit is always small,” 
said the owner of one of those orchards, and he went on to 
suggest root-pruning as a remedy! We had to explain that 
root-pruning is only required to repress undue vigour of wood 
growth; that his trees, with their heads grown into thickets, 
with no young wood growth now or for several years, with 
the whole of the branches heavily laden with fruit and thickly 
set with blossom buds, were in such a condition of exhaustion 
that fine fruit was an impossibility. The remedy was simply 
a judicious branch-thinning, with frequent and full doses of 
liquid manure to the roots. 
We have no doubt that our advice is applicable to most 
old farm orchards throughout the land. It is a good sign that 
such advice is asked for so frequently now, but we fear it is 
not always applied so well as to do much good. It is so difficult 
for beginners to grasp the significance of a full dose of liquid 
manure. A mere surface wetting does no good; the whole 
of the soil about the whole of the roots must be dosed so 
persistently that it is fully supplied with plant food. To make 
sure of this it is poured over the whole of the surface under 
the tree and for fully a yard outside the radius of its branches. 
In some instances it is necessary to open a small trench a 
spade deep right round the tree under the tips of the branches 
and to make a few holes between this circular trench and the 
stem ; then by repeatedly filling holes and trench with liquid 
manure it spreads and sinks deep enough in the soil to reach 
all the roots. There the orchard adjoined the homestead, from 
whence the sewer ran into a large cesspool overflowing with 
sewage in the lower part of the orchard. It had never occurred 
to the worthy farmer to turn this rich source of fertility to 
account, but he promised to do so at once and persistently. A 
supply of such excellent liquid manure is forthcoming at most 
farm homesteads ; at many it is justly regarded as invaluable 
for grass land, and if enough cannot be spared for the trees 
