144 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ August 17, 1893. 
summer’s day this is a pleasant ride. The other usual method of reach¬ 
ing Cadland from the point mentioned is by road, which constitutes 
a drive of at least seventeen miles through a charming district. The 
estate is a large one, perhaps the finest in that part of the country, and 
has a sea frontage of thirteen miles. Bordering on the New Forest it 
is only natural that the scenery is of a picturesque character ; but it is 
almost impossible for anyone who has not seen it to form an adequate 
idea as to its beauty. It has been my lot to visit numerous parks and 
gardens from far beyond the borders to the south coast, but in no case have 
better views presented themselves than on this quiet southern resort. 
The house is a plainly built though substantial edifice, having been 
restored in 18.37, and is situated on a hill commanding a grand outlook. 
At the foot of the hill, or rather a series of hills, for the whole neigh¬ 
bourhood is of an undulating nature, lies the Solent, whose waters at 
the time of my visit were studded with yachts ready for the regatta. 
On the opposite shore stands the stately Netley Hospital, where thou¬ 
sands of British warriors have been invalided, and near by may be 
seen Netley Castle nestling amidst a clump of trees. The Hamble Cliffs 
and hills beyond complete a natural picture that can well hold its own 
with any in the country. 
Time has wrought changes at Cadland Park, as it does elsewhere* 
and the gardens are now in charge of Mr. G. Garner, whose achieve¬ 
ments in the Chrysanthemum world whilst at Amberwood, near Christ¬ 
church, are too well known to need further reference here. This 
estimable and able gardener took up his abode here in April last, a busy 
season, and one generally sufficient to test the abilities of any man. 
Scarcely had he become settled than the proprietor of the estate, 
K. A. Drummond, Esq., died, the next heir being his eldest son, as 
before mentioned. This event, of course, brought slight changes, but 
the gardens being in excellent keeping are much as heretofore. 
“ Fragrance in flowers and quality in fruit ” is the motto at this grand 
establishment, and Mr. Garner continues to carry it out to a letter. In 
the houses strict attention is paid to the smallest detail, and as is usual 
in such cases, fruit of excellent quality is obtained. Peaches under 
glass are remarkably well grown, and notwithstanding the exceptionally 
dry season the trees are entirely free from thrips or red spider. This 
will be all the more astonishing when it is recorded that but little 
syringing is practised, a cool moist atmosphere obtained by constantly 
damping the floors being preferred. The Peach and Apricot houses are 
270 feet long, lean-to structures, and have a south-eastern aspect. 
Trees are grown on the back wall and standards in the front, a path 
being between the two. The standard trees are noticeable for the large 
number of richly coloured fruit they carry, as well as for the healthy 
appearance. Of Peaches, Eoyal George, Sea Eagle, and Hale’s Early 
are favourite varieties; and as regards Nectarines, Rivers’ Orange, 
Improved Downton, Pineapple, and Spencer are most extensively 
grown. Apricots are trained similarly, there being standards as well as 
trees on the wall. Moorpark, Hemskirk, Large Red and Early are the 
favourite varieties. To fill in vacant space between the standard trees 
in these houses some plants of Sutton’s Perfection, Abundance, 
Excelsior, and Favourite Tomatoes are trained, and these are carrying 
heavy crops of fine fruit. 
Grapes are extensively cultivated, particularly Muscats, but* 
owing to injudicious treatment on some former occasion, the Vines in 
one house are not in the best of health. To all appearances the Vines 
are young, are planted in very deep outside and inside borders, and 
the result is that shanking is prevalent to an undesirable extent. Mr. 
Garner noticed this defect on taking charge last spring, and after a 
summer’s trial he has decided to take out the whole of the Vines in one 
house devoted to Muscats and plant fresh ones in an inside border of 
smaller dimensions. By adopting this method success will undoubtedly 
be ensured. The next vinery is a large one, in which Muscats and 
Alicantes are planted alternately. The latter are good, the bunches 
being large, and give promise of colouring well, but it has been decided 
to partition the structure to grow each kind by itself. It is observable 
here that a Vine of Muscat of Alexandria planted near a cold-water 
cistern does not thrive nearly so well as some of its neighbours. In a 
house composed of Black Hamburghs the Vines are healthy and bear 
good bunches of fruit. Some of the rods, however, are rather old, and 
young ones are being laid in as substitutes. The fourth vinery is also 
devoted to Muscat of Alexandria. The Vines are remarkably free 
from red spider and shanking, and moreover are producing a very fine 
crop. The bunches are large in size and of a handsome shape, the same 
applying to the berries. Cool treatment is given, air being admitted at 
night, and obviously with good results. Syringing the Vines is not 
practised, and despite the prevalence of red spider this season not an 
insect can be seen on the leaves. If any signs of red spider were seen 
early in the season the affected leaves were immediately sponged with 
softsoap and water, and hence the pest has been kept at bay. In 
cases where shanking has appeared t’ne Vines are induced to make all 
the growth they possibly can after the first pinching. This plan, 
evidently a good one. might with advantage be adopted by those who 
meet with similar difficulties. Melons are splendidly grown in pits as 
well as in a span-roofed house. In the latter structure the plants are 
^trying on an average five good fruits each, the varieties including 
Triumph, Sutton’s Al, and Amberwood Beauty, a variety raised by Mr. 
Garner a few years ago. It is a handsome fruit, the result of a cross 
between Hero of Lockinge and Read’s Scarlet, and ripens about a week 
emier th;m the first-named variety. Cucumbers are also well grown, 
Qe P an being to sow the seed where the plants are required to grow, 
trawberrles are grown in pots, and about 6000 plants are standing in 
sunny positions to become thoroughly ripened. Contrary to the general 
rule, they are liberally supplied with liquid manure during the late 
summer and autumn, none being given in the spring whilst the fruit is 
ripening. 
Hardy fruit forms a feature at Cadland, and at present the trees are 
carrying enormous crps. Figs in the open air are as plentiful as Apples 
are in some places, and the fruit ripens beautifully, A “Fig walk’’ 
is composed of trees planted against a wall originally, but now they 
form an arbour over a walk for a distance of 60 yards or so, the 
branches being supported by stakes. The trees are loaded with fruit of 
a good size and excellent flavour. Peaches on the open walls were 
badly blistered last spring, inasmuch as the trees are exposed to east 
winds. It is therefore proposed to plant choice Pears on this wall, and 
devote another more favourable to Peaches. This, if carried out, will 
be a decided improvement, and will result in the production of some 
fruit of the best quality. Pears on the walls are almost a failure this 
year, especially old trees, but standards are laden with fruit to such an 
extent that it has been necessary to support the branches. Marie 
Louise and Williams’ Bon Chretien are especially heavy croppers here ; 
no less than 4 bushels of fruit were picked from a medium-sized bush tree 
of the latter variety. Apples are fairly heavy, and the same may be 
said in regard to Plums, which are well represented on the walls. Coe’s 
Golden Drop, Green Gage, Rivers’ Early, Pond’s Seedling, and Magnum 
Bonum are grown amongst other varieties. Some fine Quince trees are 
noticeable too, and a grand old Mulberry is producing a fine crop of 
fruit. 
Besides fruit, the usual complement of vegetables and flowers are 
grown in the kitchen gardens, which are about 5 acres in extent and 
divided into walled-in sections. These all slope towards the south-east, 
and the soil being of a light nature, the drought has been severely felt 
here this summer. By assiduous work and judicious management, 
however, but few evil effects are now noticeable, and the crops are 
thriving amazingly. Perhaps one of the most striking features in this 
department is a row of Scarlet Runner Beans, which forms a division 
between the kitchen garden and a portion of the pleasure grounds. This 
row is 372 feet in length, and Beans have, it is stated, been grown in the 
same position for half a century. The plants this year, notwithstand¬ 
ing the drought, have made free growth and are yielding a good crop of 
pods. This success is attributed to the fact that apart from the five 
cartloads of manure that were trenched into the soil in which the beans 
were planted early in June, copious supplies of water have been given 
when necessary. The little extra trouble thus involved, however, 
brought its reward, for whilst many are complaining of a shortness of 
beans, there is a plentiful supply at this establishment. Large breadths 
of Broccoli, Cauliflowers, Cabbages, Sprouting Broccoli, and Kale are 
grown, but no Seakale, inasmuch as abundance of this can be obtained 
from the seashore a short distance away. Asparagus thrives well and 
is grown on the level, the soil being as before mentioned light, and 
therefore suitable for this mode of culture. 
In the plant houses the same cleanliness as characterises the outside 
departments may be observed, and every effort is made to keep up the 
supply of decorative plants and cut flowers. Near the entrance of the 
gardens, and close to the gardener’s cottage, a large span-roofed green¬ 
house is situated in which numerous plants are grown. The roof on one 
side is covered with Jasmines, Heliotropes, Bougainvilleas, and the blue 
and white Plumbagos, P. capensis alba being especially fine. All these 
plants are grown similarly to Vines, being “spurred in ’’ closely during 
the winter. This mode of treatment obviously suits them, for they are 
laden with blossom. Cheshunt Hybrid, Niphetos, Gloire de Dijon, 
Mar^chal Niel, and other Roses are trained on the opposite side, and 
from these thousands of blooms are cut. Zonal Pelargoniums and 
Azaleas are extensively cultivated for winter flowering, these plants 
being special favourites. Orchids find a place amongst the stove plants, 
and being healthy, will, no doubt, give a profusion of bloom later on. 
A number of plants of Calanthe vestita, C. Veitchi, and a piece of the 
beautiful Vanda teres deserves more than a passing notice. Dendrobiums, 
Lmlias, Coelogynes, Cattleyas, and Odontoglossums are well represented. 
Chrysanthemums will not be up to the Amberwood standard this year, 
inasmuch as when the present gardener took them in hand they were 
still in small pots, the stems nearly 2 feet in height, and growing on a 
manure bed. The plants were cut back and repotted, and being at the 
present time in a healthy condition, it is expected that a good supply of 
blooms suitable for cutting will be forthcoming. Next year we shall 
doubtless hear further of the Cadland Chrysanthemums, and it may not 
be too much to expect to see them figuring prominently upon the 
exhibition tables. 
Conifers flourish luxuriantly in the grounds, and also in the exten¬ 
sive woods adjoining. Two remarkably fine Cedars are situated near 
the front of the house, and there are a few good specimens on the lawn. 
In a portion of the pleasure grounds near to the kitchen garden there is 
a splendid tree of the deciduous Cypress (Taxodium distichum), 
possibly the finest in the country. It is nearly 100 feet in height, 
and 14 feet in circumference at 4 feet from the ground. The flower 
garden proper presents a bright appearance, especially some pyramids of 
Zonal Pelargoniums, which, viewed from one end, appears as a hedge of 
blossom. Two beds, representing the Prince of Wales’ Feathers, are 
exceedingly well done, one being filled with flowerin?, and the other 
with ornamental foliage plants. Beds of sweet-scented flowers are 
conspicuous, such plants as the Lemon-scented Verbena (Aloysia 
citriodora), Harrison’s Musk, and scented-leaved Pelargoniums being 
employed. Roses are grown in great numbers, and the same applies to 
