August 31, 1893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
209 
it is not restricted to the first, but the secondary growths collapse in a 
similar manner. It is occasioned by a fungus or micrococci which girdles 
the shoot, and causes the collapse of the part above the affection. It is 
confined to certain species of Clematis, and is culturally believed to be 
due to over-propagation, but this is purely conjectural. The only thing 
we have found of any use is to promptly cut away the affected parts a 
joint or two below where they die off ; but the disease is, in some cases, 
so fixed in the basal portion as to be beyond remedy, Jfor to cut the 
affected parts away in some cases means the destruction of the plants. 
It is best to limit yourself to those varieties which succeed the best in 
the position assigned to them. 
TrufBes (iZ. B,'). — The lump of soil sent contains what resembles 
Truflles, but in such a state of putrefaction that it is impossible to speak 
with certainty on the subject. The common Truffle (Tuber mstivum), 
as described by Thompson in the “ Gardener’s Assistant,” “ is nearly 
spherical in shape, and has been known to attain a weight of 3 or 4 lbs., 
and measure 4 inches in diameter. The surface is rough, warty, and black. 
The flesh is greyish, or white when young, black veined with white 
when old. The smell is powerful, but by no means unpleasant. It 
grows from 2 to 10 inches under the surface of the ground, and the spots 
where it is to be found are discovered by means of dogs trained for the 
purpose. It is abundant in some parts of Britain, particularly in Wilt¬ 
shire, Kent, and Hampshire, but never occurs in any but calcareous 
foils, where it grows under the shade of trees, generally the Oak and 
Beech. In warm moist years it may be found throughout the year, but 
most abundantly from August to October.” We reproduce a fine specimen 
Fia. 30. —BLACK TRUFFLE. 
of the black Truffle. Just as many aerial fungi only grow on dead wood, 
and that of a particular kind, so the black Truffle is only met with among 
the roots of trees, and more especially the common and Evergreen Oak 
and Quercus coccifera. It is among the roots of these trees that the 
Truffles are most abundant, and acquire a perfume that makes them 
esteemed all over the world. Truffles increase like other allied fungi. 
When ripe they contain minute spores not exceeding 1 250th of an inch 
in diameter, and when the Truffle decays in the ground these produce 
white threads or mycelium, like Mushroom spawn when running, and 
a fresh crop results. 
nrames of Fruits.— Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large nuniber of worthless Apples and Pears sent to this office to 
be named, it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, lohich are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (J, H. Eldridge'). —The Apples are evidently seedlings, 
as we do not recognise them as among named sorts. No. 1 is not unlike 
Irish Peach; Pears No. 2 quite rotten, and No. 1 resembles Verulam. 
(B. IP.).—No. 1, Greenup’s Pippin ; 2, Fearn’s Pippin ; 3, small Scarlet 
Nonpareil ; 4, Cellini. {F. John Gray').— Ribston Pippin ; 2, Dutch 
Codlin, small; 3, not known ; 4, Reinette de Caux ; 5, Yorkshire Green¬ 
ing ; 6, Emperor Alexander. (^A.II.L.). —1, Wadhurst Pippin ; 2, Lord 
Derby ; 3, Beurr4 d’Amanlis ; 4, Summer Rose; 5, Greenup’s Pippin ; 
6, Lemon Pippin. (J. R. B. Watson). —1, Grosse Calebasse ; 2, Beurr6 
Superfin ; 3, too unripe. (^E, J. M .).—Undoubtedly Golden Queen. 
(IF. P. S.). —Nouveau Poiteau. (Z>. M.). —The coloured Pear, which is 
quite ripe, is Beurrd d’Amanlis, but we do not think the other is the 
same ; Apples—No. 1, Greenup’s Pippin ; 2, Ribston Pippin ; 3, decayed ; 
4, Gravenstein. (J. F. TP.).—We cannot name Peaches without a 
portion of the young wood and information as to the size of the flewers ; 
the one sent is evidently one of Mr, Rivers’ seedlings, probably Early 
Louise. (5. Welhs ).—5, Emperor Alexander. The others not worth 
naming or growing except for cider. {E. H.), —1, Norfolk Colman ; 2, 
Striped Beefing ; 3, Winter Hawthornden; 4, Greenup’s Pippin. 
(A. E.). —1, Sandringham; 2, Blenheim Pippin ; 3, Ecklinville; 5, Cox’s 
Pomona ; 6, Lord Derby (?). (ZZi R. Bugmore). —1, Napoleon ; 2, Mard- 
chal de Cour ; 3, Grosse Calebasse ; 4, Beurr6 d’Aremberg ; 6, Winter 
Nelis. Six is the maximum number to send, and the better they are 
the better their chance of being named. {Thos. Pye). —Lane’s Prince 
Albert (?) ; 2, Alfriston ; 3, Winter Hawthornden ; 4, Roundway 
Magnum Bonum. (A. J. N.). —1, Louise Bonne of Jersey ; 2, Nouveau 
Poiteau ; 3, General Toddleben ; 4, Marie Louise ; 5 and 6, Beurrd 
Capiaumont. {J. S. B.). —1, Dredge’s Fame ; 3, Scarlet Nonpareil ; 
4, Court Pendfi Plat; 5, Cox’s Orange Pippin. Late truits should be 
sent nearer the ripening period. 
ITames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures,- 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(Hi J. P.). — Oncidium microchilum. (H. F,). —Dendrobium canali- 
culatum. _ 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET.— AUGUST 30th. 
Large supplies, readily changing hands at lo-w rates. 
FRUIT. 
s. d. s. d. 
Apples, per bushel .. .. 1 0 to 6 0 
„ Tasmanian,per case 0 0 0 0 
,, Nova Scotia, brl. 0 0 0 0 
Cherries, half sieve .... 0 0 0 0 
Cobs . 25 0 0 0 
Filberts, per 100 lbs. ., 25 0 0 0 
Gooseberries, half sieve .. 0 0 0 0 
VEGETABLES. 
Grapes per Ib. 
Lemons, case .. ., 
Oranges, per 100 .. 
Peaches, per doz. 
Plums, per half sieve 
St. Michael Pines, each 
Strawberries, per lb.., 
Asparagus, per bundle .. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
Carrots, bunch. 
Cauliflowers, dozen' .. .. 
Celery, bundle .... .. 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
Endive, dozen . 
Herbs, bunch .... .. 
Leeks, bunch . 
Lettuce, dozen. 
Mushrooms, punnet ,. ,. 
AVERAGE 
d. s. d. 
0 to 0 0 
4 
0 4 
2 0 
0 2 
0 9 
0 9 
0 0 
0 0 
1 0 
1 0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
Onions, bunch . 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
Parsnips, dozen. 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
Salsafy, bundle. 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
Seakale, per basket .. .. 
Shallots, per lb. 
Spinach, bushel.. 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
Turnips, bunch. 
WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
0 
9 to 
2 
0 
10 
0 
J5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
6 
8 
0 
1 
6 
2 
S 
2 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d.' 
0 
2 to 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
s 
2 
0 
3 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
4 
s 
1 
0 
1 
6 
1 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0, 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
S 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches ,. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Asters (French), per bunch 
0 
9 
1 
3 
Mignonette, 12 bunches ,. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ (English) doz. bches. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Myosotis, dozen bunches .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch ,. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blcoms 
3 
0 
12 , 6 
Carnations, 12 blooms ., 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Carnations, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
. i 5' 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches. 
3 
0 
s 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Chrysanthemums, doz. bis. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Cornflower, dozen bunches. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
‘ 6 
0 
Buoharis, dozen. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Gardenias, per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Red, doz. bunches .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium lancifolium, dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
blooms . 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
O 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium longiflornm 12 
Stocks, dozen bunches ., 
4 
0 
8 
0 
blooms . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Peas, doz. bimches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
, 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
S. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
Arbor Vitse (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
5 
0 
to 9 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Ivy Geraniums. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Balsams, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium lancifolium per doz. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Campanula, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lilium Harrissi, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Drac»na terminalis, per 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dractena viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ferns (small) prr Jvindred 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen,. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
1 
0 
7 
6 
„ scarlet, per dozen.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each., 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Rhodanthe, per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
THE DAIRY—FODDER CROPS. 
Among dairy farmers having nothing but permanent pasture 
for the cows, there is much complaining of poverty of herbage, 
and a consequent lowness of milk yield. This, for the moment 
