December 7, 1893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
523 
ture to which they have been subjected in consequence. We do not 
advise you to prune the tree, either before growth or after the growth 
has been made. Retard the growth as much as you can, and allow the 
plant to start growing in a natural manner. It is doubtful if they 
will be as early next year, unless the plant is induced to grow soon in 
the season. The roots are probably too deep, which alone would 
account for strong growth, and probably the falling of the buds. We 
certainly advise you to take away down to the roots the wet, sour, 
exhausted surface soil. In doing so you may find that the water passes 
away by the side of the walls, and the evil may be easily remedied 
The soil can be substituted by good loam, one-seventh of the old rubble 
you describe, a little charcoal, coarse sand, or sandstone; broken bricks 
would also be beneficial if the loam is of a fairly heavy nature. These 
materials would be better than adding too much lime rubbish to the 
compost. If the loam is light the amount of lime rubbish given would 
be ample. Cover the roots with about 4 inches of soil; press the latter 
firm. Do not surface-dress with cow manure. If the drainage is good, 
liberal supplies of water are needed ; you could scarcely give them 
too much while growing. Directly the growth is maturing the 
atmosphere should be gradually brought to a drier condition until the 
flower buds are visible, when the syringe may again be freely used. 
Examine the border from time to time by means of an iron rod. If wet 
it will come out sticky, if rather dry perfectly clean. We cannot 
exactly tell you how much water to give, because circumstances alter 
individual cases so widely. 
XTames of Fruits. — Notice, —We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In consequence of the large numier of worthless Ajgples and 
Pears sent to this office to he named, it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growmg. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
sufficing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should he sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening. Dessert Pears cannot he 
named in a hard green state, (C'.).—1, Bergamotte Esperen; 
2, uncertain, perhaps Napoleon ; 3, Easter Beurre ; 4, Forelle ; 5, Vicar 
of Wihkfield; 6, Rymer. (P, R. TF.).—8, Beurr6 de Jonghe ; 9, Golden 
Noble ; 10, Court-pendfi Plat; 11, Hollandbury. (6*. E, IF).—1, 
Minshull Crab ; 2, Alfriston ; 3, WinteriGreening; (<9. N.).—1, Allen’s 
Everlasting; 2, Local. 
STames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
CA, B, F,'). — Jasminum Sambac. (L. B,j. —Kentia Belmoreana. 
(ZT. E."), —1, Davallia Mooreana ; 2, D. Mariesi. (Amateur'), —Justicia 
coccinea. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. —December 6th, 
Tb.\.DE very quiet. FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
s. d. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Apples, per bushel .. 
• • 
2 
0 to 7 6 
Peaches, per doz. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Cobs . 
35 
0 
40 0 
Plums, per half sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes per lb. 
0 
6 
2 0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. 
10 
0 
15 0 
VEGETABLES. 
a. 
d. 
s. d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
• • 
0 
3 
to 0 4 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 0 
Onions, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 6 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
• • 
2 
0 
3 0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
4 
8 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Cucumbers, dozen .. 
• « 
1 
0 
3 6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. 
1 
3 
1 6 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch ,. ,. 
0 
3 
0 0 
Spinach, bushel. 
8 
0 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch .. .. 
0 
2 
0 0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
7 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
1 0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
• 
0 
9 
1 0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
• 
s. 
d. 
8. d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor Vitse (golden) dozen 
6 
0tol2 0 
Ferns (small) per hundred 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
0 
7 
6 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
6 
0 
10 6 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 0 
Lilium Harrissi, per dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
„ large plants, each 
1 
0 
2 0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracsena terminalis. 
per 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen 
9 
0 
24 0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ericas, per dozen 
9 
0 
18 0 
Palrhs, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
IS 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen 
,, 
6 
0 
18 0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
*• 
4 
0 
13 0 
S olanums, per dozen.. .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms iu variety. Chrysanthemum blooms very plentiful this season, hence 
the price is very low. 
s. d. s. d 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 3 0 to 5 0 
Azalea, dozen sprays.... 1 0 16 
Bouvardias, bunch .. ..0 6 10 
Camellias, dozen blooms ..10 30 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 0 6 2 0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches. 20 60 
Chrysanthemums, doz. bis. 0 6 2 0 
Eucharis, dozen. 4 0 6 0 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 2 0 4 0 
Lilac (French) per bunch 3 6 6 0 
Lilies of the Valley, dozen 
sprays . 2 0 4 0 
Lilium lancifolium, dozen 
blooms .10 30 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
dozen. 6 0 90 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches. 40 60 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 2 0 4 0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 3 0 6 0 
Naroiss, Yellow (French), 
dozen bunches. 3 0 4 0 
8. d. s. d. 
Narciss, White (French), 
dozen bunches.2 0 to 3 0 
Orchids, per dozen blcoms 3 0 12 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 6 0 9 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
bunches .40 60 
Primula (double), dozen 
sprays.06 10 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 2 0 4 0 
Roses (indoor), dozen ,.06 16 
„ Tea, white, dozen ..10 20 
„ Yellow, dozen .... 2 0 4 0 
Roses, Safrano (French), 
per dozen.09 16 
Roses, Safrano (French), 
per 100 16 30 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms.. .. 0 4 0 6 
Violets, Parme (French), 
per bunch. 26 30 
Violets, Czar (French), per 
bunch . 2 0 2 6 
Violets (English); dozen 
bunches.16 2 0 
PROFITABLE LIVE STOCK. 
The proverbial “ Roast Beef of Old England ” bas become 
somewhat mixed under stress of Scotch enterprise and foreign 
competition. It is true that certain breeds are still sufficiently 
good to command special quotations at the metropolitan 
cattle markets, but Scotch beef has taken the lead, and is 
likely to keep it. At the Birmingham Cattle Show the 
champion prize was won by the Aberdeen-Angus heifer 
“ Bridesmaid,” of Benton. At Islington on the Monday 
following this Show the (leading quotations were — for prime 
Scotch, 6s.; for Herefords, Is. lid.; for Norfolks, 4s. lOd.; for 
Runts, 4s. 9d.; and for Shorthorns, 4s. 8d. per stone of 8 lbs. 
These quotations are far more significant than the Birmingham 
award, for although the champion Scotch heifer was also 
champion at Norwich, is a marvellously developed animal, and 
weighs 16 cwt. 3 lbs. at the age of thirty-four months, yet 
there were several English beasts at both Shows running the 
champion very closely, Mr. Wortley’s Hereford steer weighing 
16 J cwt. at thirty-one months old, being even more remarkable 
for early development. 
Such grand beasts are an interesting and instructive sight, 
showing as they do the comparative value of the leading 
breeds, but it is at the market and auction mart that lessons 
for the ordinary farmer are to be had. It is there that the 
failure of English breed beef in popularity and quality is 
realised. Yet the fact remains that for really prime home¬ 
bred beasts there is always a ready market, but such beasts 
are not forthcoming; inferior animals predominate everywhere, 
i It would really appear as though English graziers only finish 
j beasts well for market occasionally, and that generally there 
is no attempt to do so. Meanwhile Scotch beef holds the 
leading place at markets, and foreign beef comes to us in ever- 
increasing bulk, much of it being sold as “ Prime English ” or 
*■ Best Scotch.” Returns show that of the total annual con¬ 
sumption of beef and mutton in this country, about a third 
consists of frozen or j refrigerated carcasses from abroad, or 
of cattle slaughtered at the port of disembarkation. The 
moral of this fact is that inferior home-bred cattle will continue 
to keep low in value, that graziers of them will continue to 
obtain a bare profit, if any, and that the only profitable cattle 
to rear are those sufficiently well bred and well cared for to be 
really ripe for the butcher well within the second'year. 
