636 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ December 14, 1893, 
does it by placing a piece of glass over it after flowering, and it 
appears that Herr Max Leichtlin says that it requires this treatment. 
The experience of Mr. Gerard also points to the necessity of a period of 
rest in summer. His plant is grown in an Oncocyclus Iris bed, a raised 
border against the south wall of the dwelling house, where plants can 
be kept perfectly dry from time of ripening until well into August. 
There (New Jersey) the Ostrowskia does not start into growth until well 
into April, and hard frosts are not experienced after the first week in 
that month. 
This information would point to a bed devoted to Oncocyclus Irises 
being one of the most suitable positions for the Ostrowskia, these Irises 
also requiring a period of perfect rest. The early starting into growth 
of the Ostrowskia, which in this neighbourhood we also experience 
with the Bremuri is not so easily remedied, and I fear for this we shall 
have to protect for a little while in the early spring. It still remains to 
be seen whether our cooler summers in the north will give sufficient 
heat to ripen this plant. The summer heat at Baden Baden, New 
Jersey, and Ryde must be considerably greater and more prolonged than 
we can expect further north, but we must make another attempt to 
attain success with an uncommon flower.— S. Arnott, Dumfries. 
[This plant, flowers of which are depicted in the illustration (fig. 77), 
was exhibited by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, 
Chelsea, at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society in July, 1888, 
when a first-class certificate was awarded for it. It is stated that Messrs. 
Veitch & Sons first flowered Ostrowskia magnifica in this country.] 
THE RASPBERRY MOTH (LAMPRONIA RUBIELLA). 
The small red caterpillars of this moth are most destructive to 
Raspberry canes. The culture of Raspberries has enormously increased, 
as they have proved in some seasons to be a most profitable crop ; their 
enemy, the Raspberry Moth, has multiplied in a proportionate degree. 
The production of this valuable fruit has been much decreased by its 
action in some seasons, and it has been consequently considerably dearer 
than other fruit. Currants, Strawberries, and Cherries, for instance, as 
seen by the higher prices charged for Raspberry jam when the insect 
has been troublesome. On many fruit farms the crop has been reduced 
from one-third to half in consequence of the attack of this insect. Fruit 
farms in Kent and other counties have been visited in the spring, upon 
which at least half of the buds of the Raspberry canes had been 
destroyed. In some of the buds the caterpillars were still actively 
working, in some they had changed into pupae. This is frequently the 
condition of many Raspberry plantations in England and Scotland. 
Much mischief is often occasioned also in gardens and allotments where 
patches of Raspberry canes are cultivated. 
Upon close examination of the attacked Raspberry canes, it will be 
seen that the soft juicy part at the base of the buds has been eaten 
away, so as to kill the buds and prevent their foliage and blossoms from 
being put forth. There is also a hole in the cane at the base of the buds, 
in which the pupa will be found ensconced. 
Debceiption of the Moth. 
The Larapronia rubiella, or Raspberry Moth, belongs to the family 
Tineidae, of the group Tineina. It is a most beautiful moth, of a light 
brown colour, with a series of spots like burnished gold upon its fore 
wings. The hinder wings are slightly lighter in colour, with light 
fringes. It is barely half an inch across its wings, and its body is only 
about the fourth of an inch in length. It may be seen towards the 
end of May, or the first week of June, flying round the Raspberry 
canes. 
Life History. 
The moth places her eggs upon the flowers of the Raspberry canes at 
the end of May, or in the beginning of June. After five or six days 
the caterpillar may be found in the raised white receptacle upon which 
the fruit, or more correctly the collection of little fruits composing 
the Raspberry, is formed. The caterpillar does not appear to injure the 
fruit, nor, indeed, to feed at all at this time. Mr. Stainton, in his 
“ Manual of Butterflies and Moths,” says that the caterpillar hiber¬ 
nates without feeding. When it is fully grown the caterpillar makes 
its way out of the receptacle, either by crawling or by letting itself 
■down by silken cords to the earth beneath the canes, and passes 
the winter in a case, or kind of cocoon. It emerges from this state 
of hibernation on the first approach of spring, and crawls up the Rasp¬ 
berry eanes, and getting to the buds, worms itself into these at their 
bases, and makes up for long autumn and winter months of fasting by 
feeding upon them. In 1892 caterpillars were first found in Raspberry 
buds on April 10th. Dr. Chapman states that the caterpillar leaves 
the hibernating cocoon in March, early or late, according to the season. 
When the time arrives for pupation, the caterpillar scoops out a hole 
in the pith of the canes, just below the bases of the buds, in which it 
turns to a chrysalis. 
From a quantity of pieces of Raspberry canes, whose buds were badly 
infested with caterpillars, sent on the 8th of May, and kept in a glass 
case, moths came forth on the 9th of June. That there might be no 
possible doubt as to their identity, some were sent to Mr. Stainton, who 
pronounced them to be Lampronia rubiella. 
The larva is close upon a quarter of an inch long, decidedly pink in 
colour for the most part, though the shade of colour varies somewhat in 
individuals, and becomes more red in most larvae as they get older. The 
head is black. There is a patch of black on the first segment. It has 
three pairs of black feet on the thoracic segments. The pro-legs number 
four pairs, and there is a pair of anal feet. 
The pupa is exactly the fourth of an inch long, tapering somewhat 
unusually, and has a curious spine upon the back on the last segment. 
Methods of Prevbntiok and Remedies. 
The caterpillars are just under the surface of the ground, around and 
among the stocks of the Raspberry canes. As it has been shown, they 
remain there from about midsummer until March. Therefore, forking 
the ground round and between the stocks deeply with a pronged fork, 
or even hoeing it with a three-toothed hoe would destroy some and bury 
others so deeply that they could not get forth. 
Dr. Chapman has suggested the following practical method of 
prevention: “ The caterpillars are in the crown of the stock, or 
near it, and under rubbish there collected. Rake this away, and 
earth the stock up again, and you will thus bury them, and most will 
perish.” 
Soot, lime ashes, or soot and lime mixed, which form a pungent 
compound, might be forked or hoed into the ground in the autumn or 
winter. 
Raspberry canes in field culture are nearly all cut away, so that there 
are but few canes or stems left. It would be easy, therefore, to put a 
little thick softsoap composition containing paraffin oil, or carbolic acid, 
or some other offensive stuff, with a large paint brush, upon the lower 
part of each cane that is left, in order to prevent the caterpillars from 
crawling up. They are very small, and the least obstruction of a 
disagreeable nature, it is believed, would stop their progress. 
Cutting off and burning the infested stems while the caterpillars are 
in the buds or receptacles, between April and the middle of June, would 
destroy many caterpillars. This may be very freely done, as Raspberry 
canes throw up plenty of shoots to take the place of those cut away.— 
{Board of Agriculture.') 
FLORAL NOMENCLATURE. 
Respecting scientific names (page 495), if young men during the 
probation of bothy life embraced those golden opportunities seldom 
recurring afterwards by a little steady and continuous application of 
spare time to self culture we should not hear so much of bad spelling. 
Many do, I know, but there are very many more who do not, who 
would not think of going into the field of knowledge after the day’s 
work in the houses or garden is over, and there delve a little for them¬ 
selves by digging up a few of those dry old Latin roots. To those who 
do, how they bud forth into leaves and flowers ; concealed under those 
hard names, what a hitherto hidden world is revealed to him. It may 
have to be done under difficulties. I have experienced some in settling 
myself in the corner of a small bothy kitchen of a winter's night with 
four playing with cards on the table, and one solitary candle 
between us. I know the fifth part of that luminary seemed very small 
to me, but 
“ He who hopes th’ Olympic prize to gain. 
All arts must try and every toil sustain.” 
Relative to the names of florists’ flowers, could not some protection 
be given by special societies ? For instance, could not the National 
Rose Society persuade the raiser of, say. Souvenir de Mons. Andre 
Leroy d'Angers that his Rose by any other name would smell as sweet ? 
or the National Chrysanthemum Society that L’Bnfant des Deux 
Mondes would not suffer if deprived of its two worlds, or, vice versa, 
the two worlds might do without the child? These arestumblingblocks 
that trip up old gardeners as well as young ones, and those who will 
persist in so baptising their progeny must not only expect liberties 
taken with them, nor be surprised if they get so mutilated that they fail 
to recognise their own children.—E. K. 
THE POLLINATION OF PEARS. 
I AM, as must be many of your readers, much indebted to Mr. Abbey 
for his suggestive article (page 606) on the “ Pollination of Pears.” The 
subject appears to have been neglected in this country, while it has been 
forced upon the attention of Americans by their custom of planting 
large areas with single varieUes. This has enabled them to discover 
that certain varieties under such circumstances do not become fertilised, 
although the same varieties elsewhere are well known to be fertile. 
It is difficult for an amateur to derive from a mixed collection, where 
many varieties are grown together, much experience as to the matter at 
issue ; yet I venture to give some little, not because of its value, but 
that it may induce others to give us the benefit of theirs, as I believe 
the subject is well worthy of discussion. To take some of the Pears 
mentioned by Mr. Abbey: Beurr6 Giffard, an excellent Pear and 
valuable for its season, although perfectly healthy, very rarely sets its 
fruit with me, while Williams’ Bon Chretien or the Bartlett, as invari¬ 
ably bears a large and regular crop ; Beurr6 Clairgeau, quoted as 
imperfectly staminate, is retained in my collection solely for its 
