December 28, 1893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
583 
in order to keep down red spider, give liquid manure when the pots are 
well filled with roots, support the flower stems with stakes, and the 
result will most probably exceed your expectations. Should, however, 
they fad to expand early enough forward by means of gentle heat, the 
plants Veing given a light position. 
White Antirrhinum (^Reader ').—Your pan of well rooted cuttings 
should be kept in a cool pit or frame for another six weeks, when they 
ought to be placed thinly or not less than 3 inches asunder each way in 
a box containing some loamy compost. Keep them under glass till well 
rooted and growing strongly, when they should be hardened off and 
planted where they are to flower next summer, the early part of May 
being a good time to do this. If you have kept the variety well away 
from any other Antirrhinum ard saved seed, the plants resulting from 
this will almost probably closely resemble the parent plant. The seed 
being ^own very early in the year, and the seedlings kept growing 
vigourously, they will flower freely next summer and autumn. 
Apple Cascolg-ne’s Seedling (//. F. B ). —You are quite right 
in assuming that “ there are three Gascoigne’s Seedling Apples described 
in ‘ British Apples,’ as having been exhibited at the National Apple 
Congress, held in gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society some years 
ago.” The one illustrated (fig. 86) is the best of them, and our descrip¬ 
tion of the Apple is as follows :—Fruit roundish ovate, very promi¬ 
nently ribbed towards the eye. Skin lemon coloured when ripe, marked 
on the side next the sun with a crimson flush, and broken streaks of the 
FIG. 86.—APPLE GASCOIGHE S SEEDLING. 
same colour ; the base has a greenish-grey tinge and covered with a coat 
of thin russet. Eye closed, with incurved convergent segments set in a 
deep angular basin. Stamens basal : tube conical. Stalk upwards of 
an inch long, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh white, 
crisp, juicy, and briskly flavoured, with a pleasant aroma. Cells 
obovate, axile, or somewhat abaxile. Is a very handsome Apple indeed, 
and may be used for dessert or culinary purposes. 
Winter Condition of Black riy ((7. IF,). — The black aphis 
(A. cerasi) lives through the winter on the young growths of Cherry 
trees under favouring climatic conditions, or in glass houses, and some¬ 
times in warm situations outdoors. These continue to increase parthe- 
nogenetically under such circumstances for a number of years. This 
process of reproduction by gemmation or budding is distinct from that 
by eggs. These eggs consist of the outer wall or vitelline membrane, 
which is practically weather-proof, the yolk or vitellus, the germ vesicle, 
and germ spot. All these parts are easily determined anatomically, but 
it is extremely difficult to refer the egg under examination to the 
species. The eggs you have sent appear to be those of the Cherry or 
black aphis, the nucleus being well developed and spreading, so that 
they will presently become dark brown or black, and in due course the 
outer wall or shell will crack at the germ spot, and the virgin aphides 
emerge. The eggs (true) are produced by winged females at the end of 
the summer or n autumn, generally pale or yellow at first, but ultimately 
turning black. 
irames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(^Amatem-'). — Coprosma Baueriana variegata. (A. P. S'). —Cuphea 
platycentra. (^Yorhs). —1, Daphne indica ; 2, Cyperus alternifolius. 
(t7. //.). — 1, Begonia Ingram! ; 2, B. manicata. (^Suhirian ).— 
Asparagus decumbens. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIYED. 
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley.— Chrysanthemums. 
Dickson & Robinson, Manchester.— Garden Seeds. 
Dicksons, Limited, Chester.— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. 
Dobbie & Co., Rothesay, Scotland.— Catalogue and Comgn-titors' Guide. 
W. J. Godfrey, Exmouth, Devon.— Chr'ysanthcinums. 
H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham .—DescrigVive Catalogue 
of Chrysanthemums. 
Stuart & Mein, Kelso, Scotland.— Amateurs' Gardening Guide. 
J. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea .—Catalogue of 
Seedsand Horticultural longfements. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET.— December 27th. 
FRUIT. 
The Christmas market was abundantly supplied and trade brisk. 
s. d. 8. d. 
d. 8. d 
Apples, per bushel ., .. 
2 
6 
to 9 
0 
Peaches, per doz. 
0 
0 to 
0 
0 
Cobs . 
40 
0 
42 
6 
Plums, per half sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes per lb. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons, case . 
10 
0 
15 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
3 
to 0 
4 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch.. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
4 
fi 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
7 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
9 
U 
Herbs, bunch .. .. ,. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
8 
0 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
7 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
G 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. Chrysanthemum, blooms very plentiful this season, hence 
the price is very low. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Narciss, White (French), 
Azalea, dozen sprays.. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
to 3 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blcoms 
3 
0 
12 
0 
Camellias, dozen blooms .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches. 
4 
0 
S 
0 
bunches. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Chrysanthemums, doz. bis. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Hyacinth, Roman, dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
2 
u 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
Lilac (French) per bunch 
3 
6 
6 
0 
Roses, Safrano (French), 
Lilies of the Valley, dozen 
per dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
sprays . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses, Safrano (French), 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
per 100 . 
1 
6 
3 
0 
dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms,. .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Violets, Parme (French), 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
per bunch. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Violets, Czar (French), per 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
bunch . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Narciss, Yellow (French), 
Violets (English), dozen 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunches.. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arbor Vitse (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
Oto 10 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Hyacinth, Roman, dozen 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
pots. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lilium Harrissi, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
„ large plants, each 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, per 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Draorena viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ericas, per dozen 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsettia, per dozen.. .. 
12 
0 
15 
0 
Ferns (small) per hundred 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Solanums, per dozen.. ., 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
0 
7 
6 
SOME LESSONS OF THE YEAR. 
The year draws to a close; its span of time will soon be 
complete ; in a few days it will be numbered with the past ; but 
its lessons—clear, incisive, and unmistakeable—will remain with 
us, and of all things which the old year leaves behind they will 
prove the most valuable if their meaning is fully grasped— 
their teaching applied to the correction of specific faults, to 
the improvement of practice in farm management generally. 
Failures—those dear-bought lessons of adversity which, 
taken aright, are stepping stones to success, have sprung 
primarily from two causes—imperfect autumn tillage and 
