252 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ September 14, 1893. 
third. Messrs. Burrell were first with Sunflowers, being followed by 
Messrs. Paul and Such. Three out of four stands of hardy annuals 
were disqualified, and to the other, that of Mr. Salmon, the third prize 
was awarded. Messrs. Saltmarsh & Son won with Asters ; Mr. Walker 
being second, and Mr. Humphries third. Mr. Such won with early 
Chrysanthemums, having large and beautiful bunches ; and Mr. Vince, 
Highgate Cemetery, was second. 
There was some excellent fruit. Mr. Woodward, gardener to 
R. Leigh, Esq., Barham Court, Maidstone, won with three dishes of 
Peaches, having splendid fruit. Mr. Carr, gardener to Mrs. Clarke, 
Croydon Lodge, second; and Mr. Potter, gardener to Sir Mark 
Collet, Bart., Kemsing, third. Mr. Sanders, The Gardens, Paulton, 
Romsey, Hants, had the best single dish, a grand one of Sea Eagle ; 
Messrs. Woodward and Wallis (gardener to Ralph Sneyd, Esq.), being 
second and third with the same variety. There was only one dish of 
Nectarines, this coming from Mr. R. Edwards, Sevenoaks, and the 
second prize was awarded. Mr. Woodward won with three dishes of 
dessert Apples, having Cox’s Orange fairly good, and Ribston and 
Washington excellent. Mr. P. Cavanagh, Roehampton, was second, 
and Mr. Potter third. There were seven other competitors. Culinary 
varieties were still better. Mr. Woodward won again, having magnifi¬ 
cent fruit of Stone’s, Peasgood’s, and Warner’s King. Mr. Nicholson, 
gardener to J. W. Melles, Esq., Chingford, was second; and Mr. 
Cavanagh third. Mr. Woodward had some splendid Pears, and won 
easily from Messrs. Potter and West, gardener to H. J. Wigram, Esq., 
Salisbury. The Maidstone grower had splendid fruit of Pitmaston, 
Marguerite, Mairillat, and Souvenir du Congres. Mr. Mclndoe, 
gardener to Sir J. Pease, Bart., M.P., Hutton Hall, Guisboro’, won 
with a collection of cooking and market Plums ; and Mr. Potter was 
second. Mr. Mclndoe scored two other victories with Plums, winning 
with three dishes of both dessert and cooking varieties. He had 
excellent fruit in both. The minor awards went to Mr. T. A. Hester, 
gardener to W. G. Dawson, Esq., Plumstead, and Woodward. 
The non-competing exhibits were extensive and beautiful. Mr. 
J. Walker of Thame had a splendid collection of Dahlias and Asters, for 
which he received a silver-gilt medal ; but many would have liked to see 
him tackling Mr. Turner in the sixty class. Mr. Mortimer also had a 
large collection of Dahlias, and received, as he deserved, a silver medal. 
Messrs. J. Laing & Sons put up one of their best elforts in the way of 
Begonia groups, the material and the arrangement being of equal 
excellence (gold medal). Mr. Turner supplemented his victories in 
competition with a fine display of Show and Fancy Dahlias (silver 
medal). Miss Cole received a silver medal for table decorations. Mr. 
T. S. Ware put together a very fine collection of Dahlias, Cactus, single 
and Pompon, arranged in a pleasantly informal manner, and very 
beautiful (gold medal). Mr. J. R. Tranter showed Asters and Dahlias 
(bronze medal). Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons had a box of their beautiful 
hybrid Streptocarpus, and a first-class certificate was awarded for the 
excellence of the strains. Mr. J. B. Payne, gardener to the Lord Bishop 
of Bath and Wells, The Palace, Wells, received a silver medal for a very 
fine dish of Peasgood’s Nonesuch Apple grown on a cold damp wall. 
Mr. Maher, gardener to A. Waterhouse, Esq, reeeived a bronze medal 
for Crabs. 
Messrs. Cannel'l & Sons were represented by a brilliant collection of 
dwarf Cannas (silver medal). Messrs. Saltmarsh & Son were awarded 
a bronze medal for Asters and Dahlias. Mr. Walter Salmon, the “post¬ 
man florist,” had a beautiful collection of Dahlias and other flowers 
(silver medal). Mr. T. A. Hester had a very extensive display, compris¬ 
ing ornamental Gourds and forty-five dishes of Apples (silver-gilt medal). 
Mr. Wilkins, Inwood House Gardens, Henstridge, had some magnificent 
Onions—Somerset Hero, Prizewinner, Ailsa Craig, and Lord Keeper 
being very noteworthy (silver medal). Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, 
were awarded a silver medal for a large and fine collection of Apples 
and Pears. Messrs. S. Spooner & Son had an excellent display of 
Apples and Pears (silver-gilt medal). Mr. Such received a silver, and 
Mr. Humphries a silver-gilt medal for Dahlias, both representative 
collections. Mr. Poupart, of Twickenham, sent Apples, Pears, and 
Plums, which were very fine (silver-gilt medal). 
WOKK.F0IITHEWEEK.. ^ 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Strawberries. —New plantations will require the soil loosening 
between the plants with the Dutch hoe, not only to destroy crops of 
seedling weeds that spring up rankly after showers, but also to 
encourage the growth of the plants as much as possible before winter. 
Late Planting. —Plants for furnishing a fair amount of fruit next 
season may still be planted, but such should have been specially 
prepared for the purpose, either by being rooted and kept moist in pots 
or turves, or well-rooted isolated plants obtained from between the rows. 
Such plants, carefully and quickly inserted, will be little if at all 
inferior to those planted earlier. If sufficient plants are not by these 
means secured the best of the smaller-rooted Turners may be lifted and 
replanted 6 inches or so asunder in nursery beds, where they may remain 
through the winter, planting permanently in rows in the spring. Small 
plants placed out late in open quarters or rows often succumb to 
adverse weather, because they are not established enough to bear in 
winter and spring sudden climatic changes. 
Cleaning Strawberry Quarters. —Except where fresh plantations 
have not already been formed, and all the plants required secured, it is 
not advisable to delay removing the runners and cleaning between the 
rows to this late period. Even when many plants are wanted much 
may be done to relieve the stools by detaching the runners immediately 
the young plants have become rooted. Remove all weak and crowded 
plants, especially clearing away those from near the old stools, so 
that the latter may receive a fair share of light and air to mature the 
crowns. Weeds often grow too freely in Strawberry beds, but they 
should be cleared away. 
Mulching. —To replenish the impoverished state of the ground 
between the oldest stools somewhat, and assist the plumping up of 
bold crowns during the autumn, it is desirable to afford a light mulching, 
about an inch thick, of partially decayed stable manure. A similar 
application may also oe afforded new early-planted beds. 
Outdoor Fig'S.— Gather ripe Figs as they become ready, which may 
be known by the fruits drooping, the skins being slightly cracked and 
juice exuding therefrom. In this condition the fruits are delicious. 
Stop all shoots which are extending too far or for which there is not 
sufficient space to lay them in without being shaded by others. Thin 
crowded shoots, removing weak spray and strong, gross, soft growths. 
Retain all short-jointed shoots unstopped, as these, well ripened by 
exposure now to sun and air, will prove to be the most fruitful parts in 
the succeeding seasons. 
Outdoor Vines.— Attend well to the roots of Vines now ripening 
fruit on walls, so that they do not suffer from lack of moisture, occasion¬ 
ally supplying liquid manure or soapsuds as additional support. White 
Grapes will need plenty of light to assist them to ripen, black varieties 
colouring best under the slight shade of foliage. Expose the current 
year’s wood to light and air in order to ripen it and plump up the buds. 
Reduce lateral growths as becomes necessary. 
Stopping Secondary Growth on Wall Trees. — Summer 
pruning duly carried out on Plum, Apple, Pear, Cherry, and Apricot 
trees will have resulted in many cases in secondary growth being made, 
this starting from the upper buds of shoots that have been shortened. 
If the summer pruning was dealt within an intelligent manner no harm 
results from new shoots starting and elongating from the upper buds at 
this season, provided they are stopped to one leaf when six full sized 
ones have been made. If not checked such shoots go on growing, appro¬ 
priating an undue share of sap which is intended by the stopping to be 
concentrated on the lower buds, those developed in the axils of the 
leaves left at the first or summer pruning. 
Preparation of Ground for Planting Prult Trees. —A friable 
condition of the soil at the time of planting will conduce much to the 
readiness with which trees can be planted. It is important, therefore, 
to commence the work of preparing the ground forthwith. In most 
cases either deep digging or trenching will be needed so as to loosen the 
soil to a depth of 2 feet, manure consisting of decayed stable manure 
being added if poor ; but none if the ground is fairly rich and fertile. 
Early preparation permits of the surface soil becoming ameliorated and 
the bulk consolidated ; besides, where extensive planting may be con¬ 
templated there will be considerable advantage in having the sites in 
readiness, so that planting may be expeditiously performed when the 
most favourable opportunities arise as the trees are losing their leaves. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Vines.— Early Forced and Potted Vines. —There must not be any 
further delay in the pruning of Vines intended to ripen their fruit by 
the end of April or beginning of May, and in cleansing the house and 
Vines, so as to have all in proper working order. Vines in pots should 
have the laterals cut off close to the canes, but do not injure the main 
buds. Shorten the canes to about 8 feet, or lower according to the 
disposal of the plump eyes or the length required, and dress the cuts 
with Thomson’s styptic or patent knotting to prevent bleeding. 
Young Vines. —Every encouragement must be given for ripening the 
wood and plumping the buds. This can only be properly effected when 
the foliage is kept clean and healthy to the last. Laterals produced 
after this time tend to retard the ripening of the wood, therefore remove 
or keep them closely pinched. Where laterals have been allowed to 
extend considerably they should be shortened by degrees, so as to remove 
them altogether without starting the principal buds or those on the cane. 
Maintain a rather warm well ventilated atmosphere until the canes are 
ripe, which may be accelerated by having a temperature of 85° to 90° 
from sun heat, opening the ventilators fully at night. Any super¬ 
numeraries intended to produce fruit next season should have the 
laterals cut away to the principal buds, not, however, all at once, but 
gradually, leaving sufficient lateral length as an outlet for any excess 
of sap. 
Late Houses of Blach Hamhirghs. — The Grapes are now well 
advanced in colouring. The ripening must be thorough or the Grapes 
will not keep well, and to effect this a gentle warmth in the pipes is 
necessary, to admit a free circulation of air, and to maintain the night 
temperature at 60° to 65°. A little artificial heat during the day will 
also be of benefit in allowing of free ventilation and making the 
