860 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ October 10, 1893. 
fields, and it is there that the great majority of the trained Peaches 
and Nectarines for which the firm is famous are grown, so that a visit 
to both places should always be paid if possible. 
I might add, although it hardly comes under the heading of “ trained 
trees,” a note about Superlative Raspberry. It is very highly thought of, 
and is unquestionably a splendid sort, producing abundance of large, 
richly coloured fruit. There was a large quarter of it, canes put out in 
spring bearing large clusters of fruit. 
Floral Aspects. 
There is a very fine herbaceous border running through the centre of 
the Langley Nurseries at right angles with the railway which well merits 
mention, for it has been magnificent this year. The Delphiniums in 
particular have been superb. Michaelmas Daisies in great variety, 
Pyrethrum uliginosum. Dahlias, Sunflowers, and Sedum spectabile were 
prominent amongst its autumnal attractions. Near by, and running 
parallel with the line, was a dazzling bed which, as being at its best in 
October, was very noteworthy. It was composed of Papaver glaucum, a 
dwarf sort with flowers much resembling those of umbrosum. They 
were of a rich and very glowing crimson, with black interior basal 
blotches, and glistened brilliantly in the autumn sunshine. The seed 
was sown in May, and in a little over four months has produced one of 
the most striking beds imaginable. On the walls of one of the houses 
Crataegus Lelandi, so much superior to Pyracantha from its bearing far 
more freely in a small state, and Lonicera japonica (brachypoda), a 
sand, or charcoal. Wherever the pipe is under ground, and not in a 
trench, it should be covered with felt or pipe cement, made from hay or 
hair one part, horse droppings one part, and clay two parts. The hay 
or hair must be well worked with horse droppings into the clay, and 
the mixture thus formed should be placed IJ inch thick around the 
pipes. This cement will keep in the heat, also prevent the pipes from 
rusting, which they will surely do when simply buried in the earth. A 
portion of the radiating pipes should be placed in such a position that 
the air on entering the houses is warmed before it reaches the plants. 
“ Dips in the pipes at any point should be specially avoided, as they 
often impede free circulation.”* “ In each house on the highest points 
of the pipes must be placed air-vents. This is an important point, 
because air being lighter than water it will certainly rise to the highest 
point; and as air in the pipes can never be made to pass downwards, no 
matter how small the extent, the reason for having air-vents at the 
highest points is at once demonstrated.”! (The quantity of 4-inch pipe 
required for a house is easily ascertained by referring to a method of 
rapid calculation by F. Dye,j; the writer of “ Hood’s work.” He bases 
the figures on the quantity of glass per 1000 cubic feet internal space* 
The figures, which are approximate only, conditions and positions 
varying, are intended for lean-to houses, with one side of brickwork. If 
0 
K 
o 
o 
BED 
BED 
O 0 
O O 
Piping under stage 376 ft. 
Bed.100 ft. 
Piping 180 ft.Both 
Bed .. 120 ft. f houses. 
Piping under stage 308 ft. 
Bed.100 ft. 
Bed .. 120 ft. 
Each house would have one third of its pipe surface occupied by vapour troughs to secure sufficient moisture. 
o 
Piping 180 ft. ) Both 
Bed .. 120 ft. j houses. 
Fig. 53.—sections. 
delicious Honeysuckle blooming nearly all the year, produced welcome 
fragrance and colour, and served as pleasant reminders of the past glories 
of this wonderful season. 
Past and Present Work. 
The fifteen years or thereabouts which have elapsed since the 
Langley Nurseries were established have seen great changes. Then 
under the charge of the veteran Newby, who has long since passed 
away, 30 acres of land were gradually cultivated and filled. Now 40 acres 
more have been added, and the whole of the ground is closely planted. 
A fresh piece of 4 acres is being broken up for seed trials, chiefly 
vegetable, to take the place of the ground at Chiswick, which has now 
fallen into the builder’s hands. Thus the order of events is progress and 
development. For the general order and cleanliness observable credit 
must be paid to Mr. Scott, the general manager of the nursery. 
Probably much of Messrs. Veitch’s colossal success is due to their wise 
and judicious choice of departmental heads, all of whom are courteous, 
capable, and energetic.— Nomad. 
THE PRINCIPLES OF HEATING: 
iNCLtJDINO THE ARRANGEMENT OF HOT-WATER PIPES FOR (a) FRUIT HOUSES; 
(6) foroisg Houses with bottom heat ; (c) best kinds op fuel, with 
THE management OF FIRES, AND THE REGULATION OF TEMPERATURES. 
Silver Medal Essay by Mr. Harry Corlett, Foreman, Woolton Wood 
Gardens, Liverpool, 
(^Concluded from page 329.) 
(3), Thermometer. 
This is a necessary instrument in every garden, and it is the only 
unfailing guide for the gardener in regulating the heat of his houses. 
The self-registering thermometer is the best, as it gives the maxima 
and minima temperature of the atmosphere outside, or the tempera¬ 
ture inside our houses during a given number of hours. There is also 
the bed thermometer, which is enclosed in a wooden or metal tube 
pointed at the bottom, so that it can easily be inserted in the bed to 
ascertain the heat therein. 
(4), Pipes. 
The main pipe, which is under ground, should be laid in a brickwork 
trench, and covered with a non-conductor of heat, such as sawdust. 
span-roofed, position not much exposed, add one-fifth to the length of 
pipe given. Heat of pipe being 180°.) It is always wise to provide 
for emergencies by having a suflucient quantity of pipes in each house, 
fitted with valves in the flow and return pipes. 
Temperature required. 
t F. DYE’S TABLE. 
Quantity of pipe to each 
lOCO cubic feet. 
90° Fahr. 
85° „ . 
. 75 „ 
8. 
. 70 ” 
75° „ . 
70° ” . 
. 60 ” 
65° „ . 
60° . 
. 50 „ 
55° " . 
. 45 
50° ” . 
. 40 „ 
45° ,; . 
. 37 „ 
Outside temperature 10° 
Purpose for which the 
house is intended. 
- Forcing houses. 
Melon pits. 
■ Grapes & Stawberries. 
■ Fruit trees. 
(5), Boiler. 
The forms of some of the newly patented boilers are so very com¬ 
plicated that they are sometimes not so effective as those of a simpler 
character. The principal thing in selecting a boiler is to choose one with 
the greatest surface of exposure to the direct action of the fire, combined 
with the tested heating capacity, at a given cost. For our purpose a 
terminal end saddle boiler would suit admirably. In choosing a boiler, 
no matter what size, the one selected should be about 40 per cent, more 
powerful than is actually required, as such will last much longer and 
work better. After the boiler has been put in its position, it should be 
covered with the best available non-conductor of heat, such as charcoal 
or sand ; a case of brickwork with sand or pulverised charcoal between 
this and the boiler is to be preferred. 
(6), Fuel. 
What is the best fuel to use for horticultural purposes ? is a question 
often discussed. Undoubtedly I would recommend anthracite coal 
because of its many good qualities ; failing to procure this I would advise 
coke before ordinary coal. The reason I claim anthracite to be the best 
* Hood on Warming Buildings, 6th edition, page 69. f Hood. 6th edition, page 47. 
i Hood, 6th edition, page 245. Published by E. & F. N. Spou, 125, Strand, London. 
