894 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ November 2, 1893, 
with some of the best soil each tier of roots according as they 
spring from the stem, keeping them up rather than driving them 
downwards. The roots are only too ready to strike downwards, 
whereas it is near to the surface where they are most wanted. 
Keep the collar of the trees, or that part of the stem from which 
the top-most roots spring, well above the ordinary level of the 
border, or otherwise the time will soon come when they will be 
found considerably below the surface. It is the deep root action 
that most frequently ends in an attack of “yellows,” and preven- 
t'o j u certainly better than cure in this as well as very many other 
oases. If the soil is dry when the planting is done give a water¬ 
ing at the time, but if fairly moist do not water for a few days. 
During the first year, and till the trees cover the whole of the 
roof. Tomatoes may be grown extensively in the same house, 
but their roots ought not to compete with the Peach roots for all 
the moisture and food going, or the latter will get the worst of it. 
Tomatoes succeed admirably in 12-inch pots, and this method of 
culture should be preferred after the first year at any rate. 
Lean-to and three-quarter span-roofed houses are mostly erected 
for Peach and Nectarine culture in private gardens, the trees being 
trained over semicircular trellises along the front, and up the back 
walls. These forms of structures, however, are far too expensive 
for market gardeners to adopt. Thanks to the introduction of very 
early ripening varieties, neither very snug houses nor the expendi¬ 
ture of much fire heat is necessary in order to have ripe fruit in 
April or May ; but those who have either lean-to, three-quarter 
span, or span-roofed houses at their disposal may turn these to 
account for Peach culture. If the fronts are not less than 6 feet 
high, 7 feet is a better height, one-half say being of brickwork and 
the rest glazed, the plan of training the trees to cross trellises as 
well as up the back walls if any, may be adopted with advantage. 
By no other method of arranging the trellises can so many trees 
be grown to a large size in one house. These cross trellises should 
be arranged at right angles with the front of the house, and be 
from 4 feet to 5 feet apart. The framework may be constructed 
of gas-piping, to this being fastened coarse wire diamond mesh 
netting, 4-inch mesh answers well, this being continued over the 
pathway along the back and fastened to the wall. Supposing the 
borders are formed of good holding loam and other materials added 
as suggested, a few hundredweight of ground bones not being 
wasted, there is no reason why the trees should not be planted 
two to each trellis and back to back instead of only one to each. 
In this case the wire netting should also be doubled or disposed on 
each side of the uprights. Once the trellises and back walls are 
well covered with trees, or, say, in the course of three or four 
years, extraordinary numbers of fruit can be had from a house in 
which this plan of arranging the trees is practised. If it fails it 
will most probably be because sufficient head room is not given, 
cross trellises being altogether out of place in comparatively low 
houses. 
Standard Peach and Nectarine trees planted in span-roofed 
houses will produce enormous crops, but only a small portion of 
the fruit is sufficiently exposed to the sun to colour properly, and 
badly coloured fruits, as I have previously pointed out, are not 
wanted. Pot culture is preferable to growing standards, as trees 
in pots can be frequently turned and shifted about, the fruit 
colouring well accordingly. All the same I do not strongly recom¬ 
mend pot culture. That capital crops of showy fruit can be had 
from trees in pots I do not dispute, but it means far more time 
and labour than most market growers can afford to devote to them. 
Trees well established in pots and carrying a heavy crop of fruit 
require a great quantity of water and liquid manure, two and some¬ 
times three waterings in a day being required during very hot 
weather. A few hours’ neglect spoils the prospect for a whole year. 
At the same time if a fairly large span-roof or other form of high 
fronted house is devoted to Peach and Nectarine trees in pots, 
these latter after tbe fruit is gathered can be placed and kept 
outside, while a paying crop of late autumn and early winter 
Tomatoes is grown. Chrysanthemums also do well in such 
structures. 
If pot culture is decided upon the cheapest way to work up 
a stock of trees is to buy maidens and place these in pots just 
large enough to hold the roots comfortably, a fairly rich loamy 
compost, not forgetting to add an 8-inch potful of bonemeal to 
every two bushels of soil, being used. Drain the pots lightly and 
well and pot firmly. Supposing this is done as early in the 
autumn as the trees can be obtained, they need not be housed, but 
rnay be kept in the open, the pots being well protected with strawy 
litter till next spring. They need not really be grown under glass 
during the following season, but would be all the better for being 
forwarded with the assistance of a little artificial heat, and might 
well, therefore, share a house with Tomatoes.— Makket Grower. 
(To be continued.) 
Cypripeditjm Clonius. 
A PLANT of this exceedingly interesting hybrid was exhibited by 
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, at 
the Drill Hall, Westminster, on Tuesday, October 24th, when the 
Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society awarded a 
first-class certificate for it. It is the result of a cross between 
C. caudatum Lindeni and C. conchiferum, and as will be seen by 
referring to the illustration (fig. 58), is a very fine flower. The 
dorsal sepal is long and pointed, white veined with pale green, 
as also are the petals, which have tail-like appendages 9 inches in 
length. The lip is ivory white faintly spotted with reddish brown, 
and is of a unique character. 
L^lio-Cattleya Pisandra. 
During the past few years Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons of 
Chelsea have raised many charming bigeneric Orchids, and when 
exhibited these have usually attracted more than ordinary attention. 
The same occurred at the Drill Hall on Tuesday, October 24th, 
when the above mentioned firm staged a plant of Lselio-Cattleya 
Pisandra. This is a pretty flower, and worthy of the first-class 
certificate which was awarded on that occasion. It is the re«ult of 
a cross between Lselia crispa and Cattleya Eldorado. As depicted 
in the illustration (fig. 60) on page 407 the bloom is medium in 
size, but exceedingly beautiful. The sepals and petals are of a 
pale rosy mauve shade, the front lobe of lip being a very rich 
maroon; and the golden yellow in the throat is a conspicuous 
feature in the flower, 
Cattleya marginata. 
Amongst the smaller Cattleyas this species is most conspicuous, 
and its beauty has rendered it a favourite with Orchid growers 
generally. It is also one of the few Cattleyas that succeed best 
on blocks, and in this respect it forms a charming companion for 
the fragrant C. citrina, C. Walkeriana, and others. These, unlike 
many other species, do not produce good results when in pots, 
and the peculiar downward-growing habit of C. citrina especially 
unfits it for that mode of culture. C. marginata is a Brazilian 
Orchid, and was introduced many years ago. It is now included in 
most large collections of Orchids, and fairly good plants can be 
purchased for half a guinea. One reason why it is a favourite is 
because it thrives in a cooler temperature than the majority of the 
Cattleyas, a recommendation of great value where highly heated 
houses are objected to, as they are in many establishments. The 
cool end of an ordinary plant stove or an intermediate house will 
suit it, and if attention be particularly paid to the supplying water 
frequently little difficulty will be experienced with the plant. 
The flowers are of moderate size ; the petals much broader than 
the sepals, but, like them in colour, usually a soft rosy purple, the 
lip being intensely rich crimson, with a narrow margin of white, 
and a white throat, which contrasts very markedly with the rich 
coloured portion. These tints, however, vary considerably in 
depth, brightness, and clearness, and the value of the plant varies 
proportionally to its merits in these respects. The flowers are 
usually borne singly from the top of the small bulbs, but occa¬ 
sionally two may be produced, though this is comparatively rare. 
In many collections it is now flowering freely, and a quality of 
inestimable value at this time of year when Orchid flowers are so 
scarce is the great time they last in beauty. Under favourable 
conditions flowers will remain upon the plants for six weeks, 
continuing attractive from September till the middle of 
November.— Specialist. 
NEW PICOTEES. 
(^Concluded from page 383.) 
Although an effort has recently been made to abolish this namefor 
a section of the Carnations, old growers, and indeed young ones too, 
have shown very little inclination to do so. The designation “ Picotee,” 
as a distinctive name for the edged or margined section, has been in use 
for a great portion of this century, and so let it remain, for it is thoroughly 
understood. Of the extreme beauty and refinement of this section there 
cannot be any doubt, and blooms of some of the very best kinds in 
cultivation, when the dresser’s art is not too heavily pushed, are really 
beautiful. But it is to write of the newer sorts of Picotees that I have 
set myself, and to the uninitiated I may say that all in this section 
have a body of colour of white, ivory white, as pure in colour as possible, 
