February 2, 1893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
103 
Ilium Richardi 3, Ranunculus aconitifolius plenus 2, Rudbeckia New- 
raaniana 3, Saponaria caucasica plena 2, Saxifragia Camposi 1, S. or 
Megasia ciliata, M. cordifolia, M. Stracheyi, all 2, Scabiosa caucasica 3, 
Scilla sibirica 1, S. bifolia 1, Sedum spectabile 2, Spirrea japonica 2, 
S. ulmaria plena 3, Trollius europfeus 2, Tulipa Greigi 2, Veronica 
amethystina 3, V. prestrata 1, Viola suavis 1, and Zauschneria californica 
11. In addition to the above you can have Alpine Auriculas 1, Pinks, 
both florists and mule 2, summer-flowering Chrysanthemums 3, double 
Daisies 1, Delphinium belladonna and the Globe 3, Iris germanica var. 2, 
Pansies and Violas 1, Violets in variety 1, Pmonies arietina decora and 
vars. paradoxa and fimbriata 3, Phloxes La Cour and Purple King 3, also 
Liberte and Mdlle, Cuppenham 3, Pot«ntillas 2, Primroses Harbinger, 
double crimson, lilac, purple ; Giantess, white, yellow, rose, and sanguinea, 
Lady Isabel 1, also Polyanthuses cmrulea, Black Prince, Cheshire 
Favourite, and Zulu King 1 ; double and single-flowered Pyrethrums 3, 
which are invaluable for cutting; the indispensable Carnations 2, and 
Double Rockets 3. Then there are Snowdrops, Hyacinths and Tulips, 
with Anemone coronaria vars. 1, so that you would have a fair chance 
of securing flowers nearly all the year round. The figures refer to the 
rows—1, first row ; 2, second row ; 3, third row ; but the border ought 
to be 4 feet wide, so as to give the plants a chance, or if you must 
adhere to 2 feet only use 1 and 2. 
Roses up ’Welllngtonlas (^NorfolU). —The Ivy roots will probably 
have exhausted the soil, and it will be necessary to remove the largest, 
at least, of the Ivy roots and apply a good dressing of manure and mix 
it with the soil, so as to give the Rose tree a chance. If that cannot be 
done without injury to the Wellingtonia roots, it will be necessary to 
supply a good dressing of rich compost around the trees, say a yard wide 
all round the trees, and deep enough to plant the Roses in. Without 
some preparation of this nature it is probable the Roses would not 
succeed—possibly not then, especially if the Wellingtonia roots dry the 
s )il considerably. As the Wellingtonias are bare of branches, it is 
possible that the Roses may succeed, and the following may meet your 
requirements:—Waltham Climber No. 1 is a good bright red Rose, and 
flowers till late in the season ; Catherine Bell, deep rose, free flowering, 
and very sweet; Climbing Edward Morren, cherry-red; and Princess 
Louise, dark carmine shading to pink, or Setina, is a splendid climbing 
Rose, bearing a profusion of beautiful silvery pink flowers. Your other 
questions will have attention. 
Attar of Roses — Rose Water (<?. P.).—The attar is made from 
Damask Roses, Cabbage Roses, and Musk Roses, the first named in 
India chiefly, the others in Persia and Turkey. The attar of Roses is 
the oil of the Rose, which is procured by distillation, and varies in 
quality according to the quarter from whence it comes. From Dr. 
Jackson’s paper in the “ Journal of the Asiatic Society,” we gather the 
lollowing account of the manner in which attar of Roses is obtained : — 
“ Round the station of Ghazeepore there are about 150 acres of ground 
laid out, in small detached fields, as Rose gardens, most carefully protected 
on all sides by high mud walls and Prickly Pear fences, to keep out the 
cattle. Every beegah, or half acre, contains 1000 Roses, and if the season 
is good this beegah should yield one lac of Roses. The Roses come into 
flower at the beginning of March, and continue so through April. In the 
morning early the flowers are plucked by numbers of men, women, and 
children, and are conveyed in large bags for distillation. The native 
apparatus for distilling is of the simplest description ; it consists of a 
large copper or iron boiler well tinned, capable of holding from 8 to 12 
gallons, having a large body with rather a narrow neck, and a mouth 
about 8 inches in diameter ; on the top of this is fixed the head of the 
still, which is nothing more than an old ‘ dekehee,’ or cooking vessel, 
with a hole in the centre to receive the tube or worm. The tube is 
composed of two pieces of bamboo fastened at an acute angle, and it is 
covered the whole length with a strong binding of corded string, over 
which is a luting of earth, to prevent the vapour from escaping. The 
small end, about 2 feet long, is fixed into the hole in the centre of the 
head, where it is well luted with flour and water. The lower arm or 
end of the tube is carried down into a long-necked vessel or receiver, 
called a ‘ bhubka this is placed in a ‘handee’ of water, which as it 
gets hot is changed. The head of the still is luted on to the body, and 
the long arm of the tube in the ‘ bhubka ’ is also well provided with a 
cushion of cloth, so as to keep in all vapour. The boiler is let into an 
earthen furnace, and the whole is ready for operation. To procure the 
otto, or attar, the Roses are put into the still, and the water passes over 
gradually, as in the Rose-water process. After the whole has come over 
the Rose water is placed in a large metal basin, which is covered with 
vvetted muslin tied over, to prevent insects or dust getting into it. This 
vessel is let about 2 feet into the ground, which has been previously 
wetted with water, and it is allowed to remain quiet during the whole 
night. The attar is always made at the beginning of the season, when 
the nights are cool. In the morning early the little film of attar, which 
is formed upon the surface of the Rose water during the night, is 
removed by means of a feather, and it is then carefully placed in a 
small phial, and day after day, as the collection is made, it is placed for 
a short period in the sun, and after a sufficient quantity is procured, it 
is poured off clear, and of the colour of amber, into small phials. From 
one lac of Roses it is generally calculated that 180 grains, or one tolah, 
of attar can be procured. More than this can be obtained if the Roses 
Are of full size and the nights cold to allow of the congelation.” Attar 
of Roses is said to be obtained in Macedonia by crushing the petals in 
mills, expressing the fluid part, filtering it, and then exposing it to the 
sun in small glass vessels. The oil gradually collects on the surface of 
4: he liquid, and is removed. There is also a manufactory of the article 
at Florence which is conducted by a convent of friars. Rose ivater is 
obtained by distilling 1 gallon from 2 lbs. of Roses and 2 gallons of 
water. When properly prepared it has the delightful perfume of the 
Rose in great perfection ; but it should never have alcohol added 
to it, as it is said to render it sour, by promoting the acetous 
fermentation. 
M'ames of Fruits. — Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large number of worthless Apples and Rears sent to this ojhce to 
be named, it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, which are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (^Major Warfield'). —Good specimens of Golden Winter 
Pearmain, popularly but incorrectly known as King of the Pippins. 
(.7. F. B.). —The Apple possesses all the characteristics of Bramley’s 
Seedling, but we have not seen this variety so highly coloured as in the 
specimen you send. {Alfred Brooh). —We suspect the Apple you send 
is of local origin, and never had a generally recognised name. 
Names of Plants. —^We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often diflScult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(IF. T.). —Lycaste xytriophora. QH. F.). —1, Gleichenia circinata ; 2, 
Acacia cultriformis; 3, A. melanoxylon; 4, Cocculus laureola ; 5, 
Strobilanthes isophyllus ; 6, Phormium tenax variegata. (^Narcissus, 
G.W.B.) —Aurantius plenus (Butter and Eggs), a variety of N. incon- 
parabilis plenus. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— February 1st. 
Business somewhat improving, with prices harder all round. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Apples, half sieve .. .. 
1 
0 
to 3 
6 
Lemons, case .10 
Oto 15 
0 
,, Nova Scotia, per 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 4 
0 
9 
0 
barrel. 
12 
0 
17 
0 
Peaches, per dozen .. .. 0 
0 
0 
0 
Cobbs, Kent, per 100 lbs. 
0 
0 
125 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 3 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
6 
3 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
6 
to 0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch .0 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen.1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt.2 
0 
5 
0 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle . 1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. . . 1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. .. 1 
6 
1 
9 
Herbs, bunch . . .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb . 0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel . 3 
0 
3 
6 
Lettuce, dozen . 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb . 0 
2 
0 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch . 0 
3 
0 
4 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 1 
6 to 10 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Foliage plants var., each .. 2 
0 
10 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Gecista, per dozen .. .. 10 
0 
15 
0 
Azalea, per dozen .. .. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
Hyacinths, dozen pots .. 8 
0 
12 
u 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
Cineraria, per dozen .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
pots.12 
0 
18 
0 
Cupressus, large plants,each 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 3 
0 
4 
0 
Cyclamen, dozen pots 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena terminalis. dozen 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Myrtles, dozen.6 
0 
9 
u 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var.. each .. .. 1 
0 
15 
0 
Euonvmus. var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. ..21 
0 
63 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Primula, single, doz. pots 4 
0 
6 
w 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solauums per dozen.. .. 9 
0 
12 
0 
Ferns (small) per hundred 
6 
0 
8 
6 
Tulips, dozen pots .. .. 6 
0 
9 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
3 
0 to 6 
0 
Azalea, dozen sprays.. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Camellias, doz. blooms .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches . 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Daffodils, double, dozen 
bunches. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Daffodils, single, dozen 
bunches. 
9 
n 
13 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Hyacinth, Roman, 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilac, white, French, per 
bunch .. ., .. .. 
4 
6 
6 
0 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
blooms . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Lily of the Valley, dozen 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mimosa, French, per bunch 
1 
0 
1 
6 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Narciss, var., French, dozen 
bunches . 
3 
0 
to 6 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
3 
0 
12 
6 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
bunches. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Poinsettia, per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Primroses, dozen bunches 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Roses (.French), per doz. .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
,, „ boxes, 109. 
5 
0 
8 
0 
„ (indoor), dozen 
2 
0 
4 
n 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Snowdrops, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms.. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Tulips, dozen blooms 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Violets, Parme, French, per 
bunch . 
6 
0 
7 
6 
Violets, Czar, French, per 
bunch . 
3 
6 
5 
0 
Violets, Victoria, French, 
dozen bunches .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
