118 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 
[ February 9, 1893. 
of nearly £1000 being received on that occasion. The Committee 
hereby tender him a most cordial vote of thanks. 
During the past year fifty children have been receiving the benefits 
of the P'und, and the Committee recommend that eight be elected this 
day, bringing the roll up to fifty-eight. Two of the orphans on the list 
—viz., Victor Spyers and Ralph Joseph Gardiner—having attained the 
age of fourteen years, are no longer chargeable to the Fund. Se3 
Rule XIII. 
The Committee again take advantage of the presentation of their 
annual report to tender their most sincere thanks to the many kind 
friends throughout the country for efficient help rendered in many ways, 
but whose names it would be invidious to mention. 
A slight falling off occurs in the annual subscriptions, which is to be 
regretted, as this should form the chief source of income. The Com¬ 
mittee appeal strongly for increased efforts in obtaining new subscribers 
and more earnest support from the gardening community generally, in 
whose interests the Fund was established and is maintained. 
The Committee have to lament the death during the year of Mr. 
C. H. Sharman, one of their most zealous and active colleagues, who 
took a very warm interest in the Fund from its commencement. The 
Committee have elected Mr. Robert Ballantine, as a member of their 
body, in the place rendered vacant by the death of Mr. Sharman. 
The members of the Committee who retire by rotation are Messrs. 
Head, Laing, Nicholson, Poupart, Smith, Walker, and Turner, who, 
being eligible, offer themselves for re-election. The retiring Auditor, 
Mr. .John Fraser ; the Treasurer, Mr. T. B. Haywood : and the Hon, 
Secretary, Mr. A. F. Barron, are nominated by the Committee for 
re-election. 
GARDENBB3’ ORPHAN FUND. 
Cash Statement for the Year Ending December 31sr, 1892. 
RECEIPTS. 
£ s. d. £ s. d. 
To balance from last account .. .. .. . 629 19 1 
„ On deposit with bankers .. .. 600 0 0 
- 1229 19 1 
,, Subscriptions, general . 347 6 0 
„ „ collected by local secs.11219 0 
- 460 5 0 
j, Donations, general. 174 5 3 
„ „ collected by local secs. . 120 4 0 
- 294 9 3 
„ Silver wedding, thank-offering from Mr. and Mrs. Harry J. 
Veitch.. . 500 0 0 
„ Annual dinner. 993 4 10 
„ General card collection . 134 3 1 
„ Advertisements in list of subscribers.31 16 0 
Collections in boxes (general) .17 17 6 
3, Dividends on stock and interest on deposit.143 17 7 
£3810 12 4 
Note.—I nvestments, &c. 
Two and Three-quarter per Cent. Consols. 6070 6 10 
Three per Cent. Canadian Stock .SOO 0 0 
On deposit with bankei s 
6570 6 10 
300 0 0 
EXPENDITURE. 
By allowances to orphans . 
„ General card collection 
„ Annu 1 dinner. 
„ Printing, &c., lists of subscribers .. 
„ Secretary’s clerk . 
„ Printing and stationery . 
„ Annual General, and Committee meetings 
„ Postages. 
„ Bank charges. 
„ Sundry expenses (petty cash) 
„ Purchase of £10 0 2j per Cent. Stock .. 
„ „ £500 2| per Cent. Stock 
„ „ £514 2s. 3d. 25 percent. Stock 
,, On deposit with bankers. 
„ Balance at bank . 
£6870 6 10 
£ s. d. £ s. d. 
., 625 17 6 
,. .. 43 5 8 
.. 167 10 2 
.. 26 13 0 
52 10 0 
21 1 8 
6 19 0 
18 9 0 
2 15 9 
32 14 3 
- 134 9 8 
960 0 6 
485 13 0 
500 0 0 
- 1945 13 6 
,. .. 300 0 0 
.. .. 567 2 10 
£3810 12 4 
We have examined the securities, and examined the books and vouchers supplied to 
us, we certify the above account to be correct. 
(Signed) 
JOHN FRASER, Bey ton, ' ) j j-, 
WM. SHARP, Chartered Accountant, 60, Gresham Street, E.C. ) -^^ditors. 
Dated January 13th, 1893. 
Dr. Masters, previous to the adoption of the report and financial 
statement, remarked that there were one or two points that called for 
comment. First it was the small attendance, but that might be taken as 
a guarantee of the good faith subscribers have in the Executive. Another 
point was the fact that H.R.H. the Princess of Wales had consented to 
become Patroness of the Fund, which could but do good to the 
organisation. It was also a matter of gratification to know that Mr. 
and Mr.s. H. J. Veitch had subscribed so liberally to the Fund, as a 
thank-offering for the celebration of their silver wedding. He noticed, 
however, that according to the report there was a slight falling off in 
the subscriptions, which was a matter for regret and not creditable to 
garfleriers. 
The retiring members of the Committee, as mentioned in the report, 
•were unanimously re-elected, as likewise were Mr. T. B. Haywood as 
Treasurer, Mr. A. F. Barron as Honorary Secretary, and Mr. J. Fraser, 
Leyton, as Auditor, with Mr. W. Sharpe, Chartered Accountant. It was 
also proposed by Mr. J. Wright that Sir James Whitehead, Bart., M.P., 
and Sir Edwin Saunders be elected Vice-Presidents of the Fund, This 
proposition was unanimously adopted. 
Messrs. R. Dean, Poupart, J. Weeks, and B. Wynne were then 
appointed Scrutineers for the poll for the election of eight candidates 
for the benefits of the Fund. The poll closed at four o’clock, when the 
following results were announced, those with an asterisk affixed to their 
names being elected :—*Ada Beddoe^ 228 ; Winnifred Helen Doherty, 59 ; 
*Nellie Ede, 254 ; Robert Houston, 185 ; John Keates, 52 ; Alice Maud 
Milne, 81 ; *Minnie Rapley, 195 ; John Titley, 114; Rosa Emily King 
Ward, 143 ; Robert Clement Blake, 154 ; *Otto Kosbab, 217 ; *John 
Mitchell, 227 : *Emily Kate Neve, 220 ; *Frederick Price, 445 ; *Philip 
Arthur Stevens, 216. 
In the evening, and at the same hotel, the members of the Com¬ 
mittee and a few friends had a friendly dinner, Mr. W, Marshall 
presiding. 
EXPERIENCE IN HEATING. 
Taking Mr. Craven’s article (page 87) as a whole it must prove 
instructive to those who have had but little experience of the subject. 
It is not to be expected, however, that even all Mr. Craven has to say 
upon the question will be universally acknowledged as correct and con¬ 
clusive. The subject of heating horticultural structures by the aid of 
hot water is a wide one and one that contains considerable range for 
debate. The remarks made by Mr. Craven at the commencement 
relating to the density of cold water over that which is warm can very 
quickly be tested by anyone having a tank heated with hot-water pipes, 
for where these are not fixed at the bottom of the tank there will be 
found to be at least 40° difference between the temperature of the water 
at the bottom of the tank and that at the top. This is a very good proof 
of how slow the cold water is to mix with that which is warm when 
there is no propelling force, as in the case of the fire under the boiler. 
The danger from rising water in the stokehole can easily be averted 
by a little expense. Asa rule, the stokehole is brick-built, although I 
know some that were hewn out of the solid rock and others dug in 
the chalk. Seldom in either of these instances will there be any trouble 
with the rising water. The way to avert this is to build first the 9-inch 
wall in cement instead of ordinary mortar ; afterwards cement the sides 
and bottom of the stokehole as you would a tank, first having laid a 
floor of concrete, over the top of which is cemented. Mr. Craven gives 
several illustrations of how the hot-water pipes in the early fruit houses 
can be arranged. This will, no doubt, prove useful ; but so much 
depends upon the position of the house and the manner in which th3 
mains run that no absolute rule can be laid down. My experience of a 
sharp vertical rise in the pipes connecting with the main is that at 
4 feet the circulation is perfect, and from the easy manner in which the 
water travels, I should say another foot would hardly make any differ¬ 
ence in the circulation of the water. 
My experience of six pipes in one house is that five flows, all 
working from the connection at right angles, is most satisfactory, these 
all converging into one return pipe at the opposite end, and running 
parallel to the flow at the entrance. I do not consider that two flows 
along the front of the house is the best way of arranging the pipes. 
This system of fixing them is more likely to hurry on the Vines at that 
part of the house, and also to be the means of bringing about a full 
crop of red spider over the pipes; whereas if they were spread more 
equally over the house the heat would be equalised throughout the 
house. I quite approve of the plan of having a valve on both the flow 
and the return pipes. If this is not done the water is sure to “ back 
up ” far too much at times, but sometimes the cost of extra valves 
prevents this plan being carried out. I find simple throttle valves are 
of little use in holding back the hot water. 
A better plan of supporting the pipes across the border, where this 
is inside the house, than that of building brick piers, is that of support¬ 
ing them with light iron girders resting on a pillar at the side next the 
path and the opposite end let into the front wall. Where the borders 
are 3 feet deep the cost of building the piers will be much more than 
the cost of the iron girders ; these latter do not take up the border 
space either. 
Mr. Craven does well to point out the advisability of heating the 
water in the tanks inside the houses. This is a boon to gardeners, but, 
unfortunately, too few participate in it. It is surprising how quick a 
tank holding 600 gallons of water can be heated up to 90° with just a 
flow and return 3-inch pipe connected by one 2 inches in diameter to 
the main. I prefer the inside of the evaporating troughs painted stone 
colour ; the red, which makes them look “ smart,” would be objected to 
in many vineries. 
With regard to the packing of the joints I think there is none like those 
properly made with iron borings. After fourteen years’ hard wear I can¬ 
not see the slightest sign of a leak, nor has there ever been one in my pipes. 
There is one objection to this form of making joints : the difficulty of 
picking them in case of an accident or alteration. For this reason spun 
yarn and red lead is perhaps to be preferred when well done ; but if 
not so they are certain to leak. 
For giving a regular bottom heat, I think there is nothing like a 
tank with hot-water pipes running either through it or round it. The 
heat is so much more genial for the purpose, being moist. It is not 
necessary to have more than 2 feet of water in ciepth, but the width can 
be as much as thought fit. As a propagating convenience, there is 
