April 27, f893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
843 
well-flowered plants. Mr. Eason, gardener to B. Noakes, Esq., High- 
gate, was second ; and Messrs. J. Peed & Sons third. Mr. Scott was also 
first for twelve SpirEeas ; Mr. W. Morle, Fenchurch Street, E.C., being 
second ; and Messrs. J. Peed & Sons third. Mr. Morle was first with 
twelve pots of Mignonette ; anl Mr. A. White, Stanmore Park, second. 
Alpine Auriculas were best shown by Mr. C. Turner, Slough, in the 
class for twelve plants, Mr. W. L. Walker, Reading, being second, and 
Mr. J. Douglas third. Mr. Douglas was first, however, for twelve plants 
of various types ; Mr. A. J. Sanders, gardener to Viscountess Chewton, 
being second. Messrs. C. Turner secured a silver medal, and J. Douglas 
a bronze medal for a group of Primulas and Auriculas. These exhibits 
compriced all the leading varieties, and the plants were shown in 
grand condition. 
Messrs. G. Paul & Sons were first for a collection of alpine plants, 
and the Guildford Hardy Plant Nursery Company second. Messrs. 
Paul’s plants were in pans, whilst those from Guildford were tastefully 
arranged in baskets, and staged thus excited much interest. 
Certificates were awarded for Auricula Engineer shown by Mr. C. 
Turner and Mr. A. J. Sanders ; Carnation Uriah Pike, Mr. J. Pike, 
South Acton ; Azalea Raphael de Smet, Messrs. H. Lane & Son ; Iris 
Hellaea, Mr. T. S, Ware ; AuriculaTonjoursGaie, Mr. J. Douglas ; Azalea 
Anthony Koster, Strobilanthes Dyerianus, Lmlio-Cattleya Ascania, 
Laelia Latona, Vriesia Morreni, and Wistaria sinensis alba, Messrs. 
J. Veitch k Sons ; Caladium Louis Van Houtte, Messrs. J. Laing and 
Son ; Stanhopea Amesiana, Messrs. Hugh Low &; Co. ; Double Begonia, 
Miss Jennie Fell, Mr. T. S. Ware. 
ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
At the last monthly meeting of this Society, Dr. C. Theodore 
Williams, President, in the chair. Dr. R. L. Bowles, Miss E. Brown, 
Dr. W. C. Falls, Mr. R. Lament, and Mr. A. R. M. Simkins were elected 
Fellows of the Society. The following papers were read :— 
1, “The Direction of the Wind over the Bri:.ish Isles, 1876-80,” by 
Mr. F. C. Bayard, F.R.Met.Soc. This is a reduction on an uniform plan 
of the observations made twice a day, mostly at 9 A.M. and 9 p.m., at 
seventy stations during the lustrum, 1876-80, and the results are given 
in tables of monthly and yearly percentages. 
2, “Notes on Two Photographs of Lightning taken at Sydney 
Observatory, December 7th, 1892,” by Mr. H. C. Russell, F.R.S. These 
photographs were taken with a half-plate view lens, mounted in a whole- 
plate camera, and as a matter of course there is some distortion at the 
edges. Both photographs show the gaslights in the streets as white 
specks, the specks being circular in the centre and crescent-shaped In 
other parts of the plate owing to distortion. The lightning flashes are 
also distorted. Mr. Russell believes that this distortion may account 
for the so-called “ ribbon ” flashes which are seen in many photo¬ 
graphs of lightning. He has also made some measurements of the 
length and distance of the flashes, and of the intensity of the light. 
3, “ Notes on Lightning Discharges in the Neighbourhood of Bristol, 
1892,” by Dr. E. H. Cook. The author gives some particulars concerning 
two trees in Tyntesfield Park which were struck by lightning, one on 
June 1st, and the other on July 18th, and also some notes concerning a 
flagstaff on the summit of Brandon Hill, which was struck on 
October 6 th. 
4, “ Constructive Errors in Some Hygrometers,” by Mr. W. W. 
Midgley, F.R.Met.Soc. The author, in making an investigation into 
the hygrometrical condition of a number of cotton mills in the Bolton 
district, found that the mounting of the thermometers and the position 
of the water receptacle did not by any means conform to the regula¬ 
tions of the Royal Meteorological Society, and were so arranged that 
they gave the humidity results much too high. The Cotton Factories 
Act of 1889 prescribes the maximum weight of vapour per cubic foot 
of air at certain temperatures, and the author points out that if the 
instruments for determining the amount present in the mills have an 
error of 20 per cent, against the interests of the manufacturer it is 
necessary that the makers of the mill hygrometers should adopt the 
Royal Meteorological Society’s pattern for the purpose. 
GRAFTING : DOES THE WOOD OF THE STOCK AND 
SCION UNITE? 
The Journal for the 6th inst. contains a letter (page 272) from 
Mr. H. Dunkin, putting the question. Does the wood of the scion and 
stock unite ? Your note to the letter bears that no union of the heart- 
wood takes place. 
Ten or twelve years ago I had occasion to take up two standard 
Morello Cherry trees grafted on the Mahaleb stock, they were a little 
over twenty years of age. A section was made through the graft, 
which apparently shows the wood to be quite solid, both before and 
after the graft. I have sent you one of the sections to enable you to 
judge for yourself. The other half of the stem was sent some years ago 
to the Museum of the Botanic Gardens in Edinburgh at the request of 
the Curator.—M. G. F. 
[The section of grafted Cherry wood which we have received is a 
very handsome one, having a diameter of 6 inches below and 4 inches 
above the point of union between the stock and the scion. It illustrates 
clearly how, despite the organic incorporation of the two, the character 
of each wood remains distinct on both sides of the line of grafting. We 
cannot admit, however, that there is organic incorporation to the very 
centre, or, as our correspondent expresses it, “ that the wood is quite 
solid before and after the graft.” It is certainly solid enough after the 
graft, as the 3 inches of compact timber on each side of the grafting 
scar testify. So great, indeed, is this in its amount and its power of 
compression that it reduces to insignificance the original heart-woods of 
the scion and the stock. They can still, however, be discerned merged 
in a brown cicatrix at the centre, but it is a mechanical approximation 
merely, and preserved by the constrictive force of the superadded rings 
of new wood. Were these removed the original heart-woods would fall 
asunder of themselves, as they are decayed and penetrable by a sharp 
FIG. 64.— SECTION OF A GRAFTED CHERRY. 
pointed instrument. From this we are justified in reasserting our con¬ 
viction that, though there may be some union between the woods of the 
stock and the scion, it does not extend beyond the softer outlying por¬ 
tions which merge into the alburnous layer, and that the heart-woods 
remain distinct and ultimately degenerate as their vitality expires. 
The illustration (fig. 64) is from a photograph (reduced) of the section 
above referred to.] 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
G. Bunyard &; Co.— Hardy Herbaceous Plants, Pot Poses, Peddiny 
Plants, ^-c. 
E. H. Krelage & Son.— Herbaceous Irises. 
G. Fhippen, 108, Broad Street, Reading.— Bedding Plants and 
D ihlias. 
Toogood & Sons, Southampton.— Farm Seeds. 
B. S. Williams k Son, Victoria and P. ndise Nursery, Upper 
Holloway.— Xeio and General Plznts, 
