June 15, 1893. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
481 
amateur who not only grew, but also raised several valuable Roses in 
the years 1878 to 1881. In 1879 he raised two out of the five new 
Hybrid Perpetual Roses of that year—viz., Duchess of Bedford and 
Countess of Rosebery. Lady Sheffield and May Quennell were also 
raised by him.— Haecourt P. Landoit. 
Oraxge Fungus on Roses, 
When all are singing the glories of the Rose it may seem unpleasant 
to call attention to one of its most malignant and besetting diseases. It 
is, nevertheless, an old and approved practice at seasons of enjoyment to 
introduce mementoes of the final destiny to which all must succumb. 
Disease is by no means a welcome topic, but it is well to remember that 
the beautiful has to contend with foes which seek to bring it down to 
perfectly healthy and showing flower buds. Here was the contrast— 
wood lean, impoverished by the leaves in the preceding year being 
preyed upon by the orange fungus ; wood stout, well nourished by clean 
healthy leaves the year before. 
In fig. 87 at A is shown a bud of the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) attacked 
by orange fungus or “rust” (Lecythea Rosae). It was sketched on 
May Ist, 1893. When gently tapped on the table the spores were shed 
as at a. On May 8th, 1893, a bud, similar to A on May Ist, had attained 
the condition shown at B, and the slightest tap of the end of the shoot 
on the table caused the spores to be liberated as at b. 
To show the spread of the fungus another infested bud and growth 
from it was selected on May 8th, 1893. It will be noticed that the 
fungus has attacked the young wood as indicated by the “ black ” in the 
Fig. 87.—orange FUNGUS ON THE DOG ROSE. 
a commonplace level. Instead, therefore, of the subject now being 
broached having a depressing effect it cannot do otherwise than good. 
Where does the orange fungus come from 1 That question was asked 
over thirty years ago, and it has remained practically unanswered. But 
I set myself the task to find out the facts. “ Rummaging among the 
mysteries,” looking into every corner and tumbling over things, only 
revealed the fact that orange fungus was found on Rose leaves. The 
authorities were unanimous as to its being a native, therefore it would 
be found on some indigenous species of the Rose. With the knowledge 
gained from such authorities as the late Rev. M. J. Berkeley and 
Dr. Cooke, I looked for the orange fungus in Nature—scanned every 
wild Rose bush I came across, and found a complete answer to the 
question, “ Where does orange fungus [on cultivated Roses] come 
from ? ” 
On a high and dry bank, about a mile distant from St. Alban’s Abbey, 
I found growing, in a gravelly loam, a bush, about 8 feet high, of the 
Dog Rose (Rosa caniua), with a number of the orange-coloured buds. 
The parts of the bush on which these conspicuous orange-coloured buds 
grew were much smaller and weaker than the other parts, which were 
engraving c and the growth distorted in the bud, whilst the shoot 
inclines towards the weakness, and instead of taking an upward—a 
resistive—grows in a downward non-resistive direction. The fact is it 
has capitulated to the enemy, for the fungus cannot find a lodgment for 
its spores on the smooth upper surface of the leaves, nor gain access to 
the internal tissues upon which it lives on that side unless the con¬ 
ditions are exceptionally favourable. It will also further be observed 
that when such shoot is held upright and its end lightly tapped 
on a table that the spores do not fly upwards, but follow Nature’s 
undeviating law of gravity, and descend as shown at c, tor they 
cannot float in still and dry air. Sometimes the fungus entirely 
encircles the attacked shoot, then it suddenly col’apses; it has gone off 
without cause or reason, and the leaves will be found very pale in 
colour and extremely thin in texture ; but this does not always happen, 
for the wood becomes too firm, and the callus thrown out on the pait of 
the Rose bars the further progress of the fungus. The result is an un¬ 
gainly scar, and is termed canker. 
The bud affection must have been common in Shakespeare’s time, 
for he frequently alludes to cankerous buds, and they are easily found if 
