618 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 
[ Junft 29, 1893. 
near KingsbriJge, Devon. They were protected in front during the 
winter. 
Cochineal in Teneriffe. —Mr. McLachlan raised the question of the 
cultivation of this insect in Teneriffe, as the industry appears to have 
decayed in consequence of the introduction of aniline dyes. Mr. Morris 
observed that it was somewhat reviving, as there was a certain demand 
for colouring fruit, preserves, &c. Dr. Muller added that it would be 
always required as a source of carmine, as this colour cannot be replaced 
by any other known product. 
Thereva nohilitata in Celery. —Dr. Muller exhibited grubs resembling 
wireworms, which were found in decayed Celery plants. They proved 
to be those of a brown fly. This usually lives in rotten wood, but 
whether the grubs destroyed the Celery or were feeding on the decayed 
roots, &c., was not clear. It was suggested that possibly they were 
carnivorous, as other grubs bad disappeared from the soil. 
Calochortus and Lily, M nstrous. —Dr. Bonavia exhibited flowers, 
each consisting of two flowers united on one floral receptacle. An 
examination of the fibre-vascular cords showed that these had arisen by 
chorisis from a normal stem. Apropos of this, Mr. Henslow said that he 
had examined the cords in a germinating Cockscomb, and found that the 
multiplication of the bracts and flower buds arose in a similar way. 
The zone of cords being circular in section below, the cords rapidly 
increased in number by bifurcation above, one branch entering each 
bract and a small cluster each flower bud. Hence fasciation would be 
better described as the effect of cauline chorisis, and not as a fusion of 
a number of independent buds, as the term seems to imply. 
Azolla pinnata Fruiting. —Mr. Greenwood Pirn sent specimens in 
fruit. Rewrites—“The plants had been growing in the open air for 
two years in Co. Wicklow, and had increased to a large extent. Two or 
three months ago a quantity was placed in a shallow peaty pool, which 
is now almost dry, having only a few inches of water. In this the plant 
is producing fruit on almost every fully developed individual.’’ 
'Litutria ’repens x vulgaris. —Mr. Henslow showed specimens of this 
hybrid which has occurred spontaneously near the station at Oxford, 
with the following remarks received :—“ L. repens was not known prior 
to 1889, when ballast was brought from Didcot. It appeared in 1890 
side by side with L. vulgaris. In 1892 a complete chain of hybrids was 
found from L. repens, with a little yellow on the lip, to L. vulgaris, with 
the faintest striae on the flower.” 
Examinations in Horticulture, 1893. 
The following class list of the Royal Horticultural Society’s 
examination in horticulture has been sent us for publication. There 
were seventy-six candidates in the higher grade, and 128 in the lower 
grade :— 
Higher Grade, Seventy-six Candidates. 
First Class (over 200 marks). —F. V. Dutton, 235 ; W. Busby, 
205; John Lewis, 205; H, Nickolls, 200; A. E. Smith, 200 ; J. D. S. 
Dowse, 200. 
Second Class (between 200 and 150 marks). —E. G. Gilmore, 
190 ; A. J. Manning, 186 ; Geo. Witts, 180 ; S. Morrill, 176 ; H. Ames, 
175 ; A. N. Pierce, 170 ; J. T. Emmott, 170; G. Butcher, 170 ; G. A. 
Bishop, 170 ; Winifred Blake, 165 ; W. j. Stokes, 165 ; William West, 
165 ; C. J. Dicken, 165 ; Jno. Barrett, 160 ; M. Byrne, 160 ; H. Fincham, 
160 ; J. H. Eewcastle, 150 ; S. C, Meire, 160 ; E. Caesar, 150 ; 
E. Farris, 150. 
Third Class (between 150 and 100 marks). —G. F. Finley, 145 ; 
C. F. F. Hutchings, 145 ; F. Gudgin, 145 ; A. Ashdown, 145 ; J. Tufna'T, 
140 ; R. J. Tabor, 140 ; J. H. Morton, 140 ; A. J. Bridges, 140 ; J. H. 
Parkin, 135 ; R. C. Gant, 135 ; W. T. Wagstaff, 130 ; F. W. Humphreys, 
130 ; J. Morrison, 130 ; D. Somerville, 125 ; A. G. Rule, 125 ; A. C. 
Bailey, 125 ; T. A. Young 120 ; Geo. Beech, 120 ; E. J. Eggleton, 120 ; 
S. B. Yetman, 116 ; W. Pascoe, 115 ; W. F. Gullick, 115 ; B. Waller, 115 ; 
H. F. Tagg, 110 ; W. N, Sands, 110; Hy. Overy, 110 ; Lilian E. Clarke, 
110 ; Alfred Catt, 110 ; W. Chamberlain, 110 ; Ar. E. Philbrick, 105 ; 
W. Milne, 105 ; E. J. Elliott, 105 ; A. G. Dangerfield, 105; J. Carter, 
105 ; G, R. Saunders, 100 ; W. Douglas, 100. 
Lower Grade, 128 Candidates. 
First Class (over 200 marks).— H. S. Daine, 240 ; W. R. Goff, 
225 ; J. J. Miles, 225 ; George Lamb, 220 ; W. Stroud, 205 ; G. R. 
Waterson, 200. 
Second Class (between 200 and 150 marks). —W. E. Watkins, 
195 ; E. J. Woodard, 190 ; A. H. Dudley, 190 ; C. Pine, 190 ; C. J. 
Berry, 185; Edward Chopping, 180; M, T. O’Connell, 175; George 
Wall, 170 ; Alfred D. Morris, 165 ; D. Clague, 155 ; F. G. Drew, 155 ; 
C. Barnett, 155 ; A. D. Hogg, 155 ; C. W. Avins, 155 ; J. R. Ismay, 150 ; 
H, P. Bridges, 150. 
Third Class (between 150 and 100 marks).— C. Weston, 145 ; 
A. Melville, 140 ; W. S. Walker, 140 ; Frances E. Oldham, 135 ; F. A. 
Littlejohn, 135 ; G. A. Murrell, 135 ; A. C. Bartlett, 135 ; T. F. Badcock, 
130 ; J. Newman, 130 ; Jas. Simpson, 130 ; P. J. Gray, 125 ; Frances 
Mil. Cooper, 125 ; J. Blomfield,- 120 ; Jas, Davis, 120; W. Farr, 120 ; 
G. Beale, 120 ; Gert. Gaskell, 120 ; G. M. Stuart, 120 ; Frank Allen, 
115 ; Annie G. Stephens, 115 ; J. H. Aitken, 116 ; J. A. Matthews, 115 ; 
W. McCreath, 115 ; F. N. Woodward, 115 ; J. F. Dancer, 110 ; Edmund 
Fry, 110; T. Gardner, 110 ; Hy. Bates, 105 ; W.E.Loe,105; A. Crossley, 
105 ; A. Blake, 105 ; W. Burgess, 105 ; W, Bygraves, 100 ; W. J. Woolley, 
100 ; Arthur Osborn, 100 ; G. Hinton, 100 ; Gilbert Hart, 100 ; G. T. 
Bridges. 100.— Maxwell T. Masters, James J)ovE xaminers: 
W. WlLK,S, . 
Our Index. —We publish this week an index to the matter 
that has appeared in the Journal of Horticulture during the past 
six months. Owing to this and the extreme pressure on our space 
consequent on the reports of Rose shows, we are compelled to withhold 
many interesting articles and letters till our next issue. We thank 
our correspondents, and assure them that prompt publication or other¬ 
wise in no sense indicates the appreciation of their communications. 
- Events of the Week. —Rose shows are now the order of the 
day. As notified in the list published elsewhere, Eltham, Sittingbourne, 
and Windsor Shows are held to-day (Thursday), and on Saturday, July 1st, 
the Metropolitan Exhibition of the National Rose Society will take place 
at the Crystal Palace. On Tuesday, July 4th, shows will be held at 
Bagshot, Diss, and Gloucester, and on Wednesday, July 5th, at Croydon, 
Ealing, Farnham, Hereford, and Lee, the latter continuing the following 
day. A Floral Fete will be held from 8 p.m. to 12 P.M. in the Gardens 
of the Royal Botanic Society, Regent’s Park, on the 6th inst. On 
July 6th exhibitions are to take place at Bath, Farningham, Manchester, 
and Norwich. 
- The Weather in London. — After a prolonged period of 
drought rain has fallen to an appreciative extent. Occasional showers 
occurred on Saturday, rain falling heavily during the night. Sunday 
was fine, but Monday opened showery, though it cleared before the day 
was far advanced. Tuesday was dull with rain in the afternoon, and on 
Wednesday morning it was showery. 
- Weather in the North. —Since the afternoon of Thursday 
last several heavy showers of rain have fallen, and the temperature has 
been considerably lower. In some districts more rain has fallen than 
in this. Monday was fine, especially in the afternoon and evening. 
During the night a great deal of rain fell, and this morning (27th) is 
very wet, with every appearance of a rainy day.—B. D., S. Perthshire. 
-Lectures on Arboriculture.—A series of lectures on 
arboriculture was commenced by Professor Curtis at the Garden and 
Forestry Exhibition, Earl’s Court, on the 17th inst. The lecturer in the 
course of other remarks, referred to a specimen of the Douglas Fir 
(Abies Douglas!) from Lord Carnarvon’s Highclere estate in Hants, and 
dwelt on the large amount of timber produced by that tree in a given 
time, much greater than by any other. Regarding the origin of the Larch 
disease, which he showed on a Larch exhibited. Professor Curtis considered 
that the disease is due to the fungus (Peziza Wilcomi) penetrating the 
Larch wherever it is injured, either by the fall of a branch or by the 
teeth of rodents, and it causes an exudation of turpentine and an injury 
to the wood substance, ultimately destroying the tree. 
- Wasps’ Nests. —Mr. E. Molyneux, Swanmore Park, writes :— 
“ The long-continued spell of hot and dry weather is multiplying the 
wasps. On Friday last within a quarter of a mile of the garden thirty 
were destroyed. By employing cyanide of potassium little trouble need 
be encountered in the taking of the nests as compared to the use of the 
old-fashioned squib made of gunpowder and sulphur. By dropping 
half a teaspoonful of cyanide into the mouth of the entrance hole at 
any time during the day nothing more is needed. The incoming wasps 
quickly feel its effects, while those already in the nest cannot get out, 
the fumes of the potassium at once suffocate them. Seventy wasps’ 
nests have been taken within 600 yards of this garden.” 
- Fine Antirrhinums. —I send you a few Antirrhinum spikes 
for your opinion. I grow a large number of them, and for a grand 
display at this time of the year I think they cannot be excelled. There 
are many colours, seifs and stripes, but I prefer the latter. The spikes 
sent are from cuttings inserted last autumn. I also grow many seedlings 
and select the best. The seedlings generally have the largest spikes, 
and they flower after the others are over. They have been better in 
previous years, but that is accounted for by the very dry weather that 
we have had, and they have not had any attention in the way of water¬ 
ing since they were planted. These Antirrhinums are so easily grown, 
and the wonder is that they are not oftener seen.— John Harper, 
Kirhoonnell, Dumfries. [The spikes were very fine, nearly 18 inches 
in length, and carrying upwards of fifty expanded flowers.] 
