July 28, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
91 
bed, the insects will speedily disappear ; at least I have found this simple 
mode efficient. They eat it for the sake of the sugar, and I suppose 
the plaster of Paris must harden in their stomachs, and so kill them.” 
rig: Leaves Diseased (.7. B .).—The leaves are attacked by a 
minute fungus, a species of Glasosporium, which is much milder in 
action on the leaves than on the fruit, and causes the foliage to have a 
rusted appearance, completely arresting the growth and crippling the 
trees. We can only advise the spraying of the infested trees with 
ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate, which may be made by mixing 
d ozs. of pulverised ammonia carbonate and half an ounce of copper 
carbonate, keeping them in an air-tight bottle, and dissolving in 5 gallons 
■of water for use. It must only be used as a spray, and not over fruit, 
which cannot be freed of the copper before it is ripe. TheD burn all the 
leaves as they fall, thoroughly cleanse the house, and dress the trees 
thoroughly with a solution of sulphate of iron in water. A 10 to 15 per 
cent., solution is used on the Continent for Vines, but the weaker 
solution is quite strong enough for Fig trees. It is best to try the effect 
on a few growths, which will show indications of damage in a few days 
if injured, when it may be diluted if necessary, as Fig growths vary 
considerably in the maturity of the wood. The surface soil also should 
be removed, so as to prevent infection. 
Crossed Cacti Fruiting (S. B .').—The fruit now about the size of 
a hen s egg will mature this season, but it is best to allow it to become 
shrivelled and dry, as it will be by spring, when the seed may be rubbed 
out and sown in a pot or pan filled with very sandy soil, surfaced with 
sharp white sand, and placed in a partially shaded position until 
germination commences, when the plants may be exposed, and very 
■carefully watered. Usually plenty of plants spring up, and when they 
oecome large enough to handle, six or seven may be placed in a 5 or 
■6-inch pot and allowed to stand one year, after that time they will be 
ready to remove singly into 3-inch pots. We should say it would be very 
interesting to an amateur to raise Cacti from seed of crossed varieties, 
quite apart from the prospect of obtaining something new and good, but 
it is a very slow method, therefore little practised. These plants are 
becoming more popular, and certainly are deserving of more attention 
than has been accorded to them in recent years. 
Heating Forcing Houses (A. G .).—It is somewhat wasteful of 
fuel to use a large boiler for heating a smaller quantity of piping than it 
is intended for, but by careful stoking the waste may be considerably 
minimised. With so large an extent of glass it would hardly be desirable, 
and certainly not safe, to rely on one boiler. You ought to have a 
duplicate, so that there would not be any serious loss in case of an 
accident. Therefore, you may find it more economical to have a boiler 
large enough to heat the first lot of houses, and defer having the 
duplicate until the other houses are erected. The Cornish boiler, that 
is the Trentham Cornish boiler, is much in use, and answers very well. 
The Thames Bank and other forms of horizontal tubular boilers are not 
more wasteful of fuel than the upright tubular boilers, for the principle 
is to place the water in the furnace, just as the blacksmith thrusts the 
iron into the fire, and abstract as much heat out of the furnace or fuel 
as possible. The saddle boilers are excellent, especially those with 
terminal ends and hollow grate bars. All, however, are now so much 
improved that it is difficult to decide as to which is the best form 
of boiler. You cannot err in having the most approved of any of those 
mentioned. 
Planting and Repotting Roses (A.N.).—The Marshal Niels 
to which you allude are, we presume, established in pots. When these 
are fairly filled with roots planting may be done without removing the 
soil, except rubbing a little off the top and remove drainage to slightly 
liberate the roots. Take care that the soil is neither dry on the one 
hand nor soddened with wet on the other when the planting is done, 
and the new soil should be pressed firmly round the roots. Turfy loam, 
inclining to be heavy, with a sixth part of sw’eet decayed manure inter¬ 
mixed, adding a shovelful of wood ashes to a barrowful, will form a suit¬ 
able compost. Mulch the surface of the soil after planting with par¬ 
tially decayed manure. Fresh soil may be given to Roses in pots now, 
removing a portion of the old and inert, and to liberate some of the 
roots, and bring them in contact with the new compost. Stand the pots 
on ashes in a shaded place outdoors for a time, but not under trees, and 
syringe as often as may be needed to prevent the leaves flagging. This is 
better than saturating the soil. Overwatering after repotting is an 
evil not always avoided, and so is placing the pots in needlessly large 
pots, Coarse sand may be added to the compost for potting, also about 
a seventh part of leaf soil for Tea Roses. 
Crapes Eaten by Grubs (77. Zb).—The Grapes are gnawed and 
partly eaten by the larvae of the Apricot Moth (Tortrix angustiorana). 
The pest lives on other fruit trees, indeed on most, on Privet, Hawthorn, 
and other shrubs, and of late years has been found on Grapes, as in your 
case. The larvae are most partial to the Apricot and Pear and appear 
during May and June. They are half to three-quarter inch loDg, 
yellowish green with brownish head, and a few hairs scattered over the 
body. It is a very active creature, wriggling about in various distortions 
■when disturbed, crawling backwards or forwards with equal facility, and 
lets itself down by a fine thread from its mouth. On Grapes, the 
caterpillars gnaw the skin and eat part of the pulp, and fasten them 
together by a web. The attacked berries decay and cause the decay of 
others in contact. The grub becomes nearly an inch long when full 
fed on Grapes. It attains this condition by the time the Grapes are 
ripe, and is not generally noticed until that time because its infestations 
on Grapes are only occasional, but it seems to be largely on the increase 
in this respect, and is very destructive. They are easily detected and 
when disturbed they quit their quarters, but less quickly on Vines than 
on fruit trees, and let themselves down by a small thread, and are 
readily captured. Close observation and hand-picking are, therefore, 
the best remedies. The moth is from half-inch to three-quarter inch in 
expanse of forcwings, which are ochreous in the males and reddish- 
brown in the females, with a darker patch at the base, a chestnut brown 
patch slanting from the middle of the wing to the hinder angle, and 
darker spots irregularly scattered over the outer half of the wiDg with a 
triangular spot on the front border. They appear in early summer and 
are very fond of light, indeed they are destroyed in fires on the Continent 
and in vessels of water. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(<7. B .).—Zephyranthes carinata. (Somerset ).—It looks very much like 
the Goldilocks, Chrysocoma linosyris, but the specimen is not a good 
one, and we cannot speak with certainty. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 27th. 
Heavy supplies now to hand of sieve fruit, realising fair prices. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Apples, Tasmanian, case 
2 
6 
to 5 
0 
Lemons, case . 
10 
0 to 15 
0 
Cherries, per half sieve .. 
2 
6 
7 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. ,. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Currants, Red, half sieve.. 
S 
0 
3 
6 
Peaches, per dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
„ Black, half sieve,. 
4 
9 
5 
3 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
3 
0 
G 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
3 
1 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
3 
to 0 
4 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
l 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
s 
Cucumbers, dozen .. 
1 
G 
3 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs, hunch .. ,. ,. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
3 
0 
3 
6 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
AVERAGE 
WHOLESALE 
PRICES.—CUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in Variety. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. bchs. 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Asters, French, bunch 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Myosotis or Forget-me-not, 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Carnations, Malmaison, 12 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
2 
0 
8 
0 
blooms . 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Carnations, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cornflower, dozen bunches 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ scarlet. 12 bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Eschscholtzia, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Pinks, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Poppies (var.), doz. buuch 
1 
6 
6 
Fuchsias, per bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Gardenias, per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Gypsophilas, French, 
„ (outdoor), doz. bunch. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
large bunch . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Gypsophilas, English, 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
small bunch. 
0 
4 
6 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen ..' .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium candidum, bunch.. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
Sweet Sultan, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
blooms . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium (var.) doz.blooms .. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 to 6 
0 
Begonia, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Calceolarias, per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Cupressus, large plants,each 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Dracaena terminalis. dozen 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Euonvni us, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ (small) per hundred 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Rhodanthes, per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ficus eiastiea, each .. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Trailing plants (various), 
Foliage plant? var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
per dozen . 
3 
0 
9 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Tropaeolum or Nasturtiums 
Geraniums, Ivy. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
per dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
9 
0 
15 
0 
DAIRY COWS. 
Careful consideration of ways and means for the possible 
improvement of agriculture gives rise to the question, Have 
special efforts for the improvement of certain breeds of cows 
