August 18, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
159 
no scab fungus, to which the scars have some resemblance at first 
sight; the scab fungus entirely destroys the epidermal tissues, and 
proves so destructive to the flesh immediately beneath as to prevent the 
formation of a skin, consequently the fruit cracks through the con¬ 
traction and efforts at expansion or growth on the part of the fruit 
cells. The scars are great disfigurements, but quite unpreventible, and 
need cause no anxiety. 
Various (Kittle). —1, We fear slugs would devour Stocks as well 
as hardy annuals in a narrow border between a Yew hedge and Ivy 
edging. We suspect the position would be too dry for Violas, and you 
do not wish to employ tender bedding plants. Why not employ hardy 
border flowers such as Pinks, Carnations, and various other kinds 1 We 
could give a selection if desired, and if you repeat the length and width 
of the border. If you prefer a gay border at small cost it might be had 
by sowing seeds of dwarf Tropasolums, and slugs seldom destroy these 
plants. 2, We should bud the Briars now that you intend moving in the 
winter, as even in case of the failure of some, you could cut back the 
stems for producing others to bud next year. 3, If you wish for the 
greatest possible number of Roses, they will be had by pegging down 
the long growths, or bending them in the form of arches with the points 
affixed to the ground. In pruning Roses a good rule is to leave the 
strongest growths the longest, and to cut back the weakest the most 
closely. 
Moving- Magnolia ( T. F. IF.).—The Magnolia, we presume, is an 
evergreen, such as M. grandiflora or an allied species or variety, and in 
that case it may be moved in the way you describe—namely, by making 
a trench all round—that is, on the front, as the tree is against a wall, 
and at such distance from the stem as to preserve a fair amount of roots, 
which will be laid in 3 or 4 feet from the stem. Make the trench so 
deep as to be sure of the main lateral roots, and all the down roots 
should be cut off at that depth by working from the trench under the 
tree and ball to the wall. The tree may then be drawn back to the 
desired place, and if care is taken to preserve a good ball, to carefully 
fill in the soil about the roots, and give a good watering, there is every 
chance of success. The moving may be done towards the end of 
September, or by the middle of that month, but take the precaution to 
well water the tree in advance of commencing operations, so as to have 
the soil thoroughly moist to the extent of the intended ball. If the 
tree is a deciduous variety it should not be moved until the leaves are 
matured and commence falling. 
Celery Failing (A Constant Reader). —Canker at the roots causes 
the plants to become stunted and yellow as you describe, and is generally 
attributed to an excess of oxide of iron, but the roots are sometimes 
corroded by other corrosive substances, such as manure that has become 
sodden and sour, or water that has got impregnated with deleterious 
matter. We can only suggest applications of soot, a little sprinkled 
over the plants and on the sides of the rows, and a sprinkling of nitrate 
of soda on the sides of the rows, but clear of the plants, would no doubt 
send the latter off with a bound, but the merest sprinkling only should 
be given, or it will cause the plants to become too tender and decay 
instead of keeping sound when earthed. Guano also is an excellent 
application. Applications of liquid manure would also be beneficial by 
causing the plants to push fresh roots, and so outgrow the canker, the 
iron being neutralised by the ammonia. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(E. A. P.). —1, Cannot identify ; 2, Campanula urticifolia; 3, Ruta 
graveolens (Rue) ; 4, Campanula urticifolia alba plena ; 5, Campanula 
latifolia alba ; 6, Campanula persicifolia alba. (J. C.). —1, Inula 
Helenium ; 2, Hieracium aurantiacum ; 3, Achillea Ptarmica flore-pleno ; 
4, Centaurea macrocephala ; 5, Lysimachia vulgaris. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— AUGUST 17th. 
Business getting quieter, with supplies falling off. 
FRUIT. 
Apples, half sieve .. .. 
Currants, Red, half sieve.. 
„ Black, half sieve.. 
Lemons, case .10 0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
Carrots, bunch. 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. . 
Celery, bundle . 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
Cucumbers, dozen .. . 
Endive, dozen . 
Herbs, bunch .. .. . 
Leeks, bunch . 
Lettuce, dozen. 
Mushrooms, punnet .. . 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
1 
3 
to 4 
0 
Oranges, per 100 
• • 
4 
0 to 
9 
0 
2 
3 
3 
0 
Peaches, per dozen .. 
• • 
2 
0 
6 
0 
4 
0 
4 
6 
Plums, per half sieve.. 
, , 
3 
6 
7 
0 
0 
9 
2 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
, , 
3 
0 
6 
0 
10 
0 
15 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch .. 
0 
3 
0 
5 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
• . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
. , 
2 
0 
5 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
1 
6 
3 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
. , 
1 
6 
0 
0 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
3 
0 
3 
6 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—CUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 2 
Asters, French, bunch .. 0 
„ English, doz. bunches 2 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 0 
Carnations, Malmaison, 12 
blooms .1 
Carnations, dozen bunches 4 
Cornflower, dozen bunche3 1 
Eschscholtz ia, doz. b unch es 2 
Eucharis, dozen.2 
Fuchsias, per bunch .. .. 0 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 2 
Gladioli, various & spray 1 
Gypsophilas, English, 
per bunch .0 
Lavender, doz. bunches .. 4 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
blooms .2 
Lilium (var.) dozen 
blooms . .. 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 2 
d. s. d. 
0 to 4 0 
6 10 
0 6 0 
6 10 
6 2 0 
6 6 0 
0 6 0 
6 3 0 
0 3 0 
0 4 0 
6 10 
0 4 0 
0 3 0 
3 0 6 
0 6 0 
0 4 0 
6 2 0 
0 4 0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. bchs. 
Myosotis or Forget-me-not, 
dozen bunches. 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
Pinks, dozen bunches 
Poppies (var.), doz. bunch 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
Pyrethrum doz. bunches .. 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
„ (outdoor), doz. bunch. 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
Stocks, dozen bunches 
Sunflower, doz. bunches .. 
Sweet Sultan, doz. bunches 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
s. d. s. d. 
4 0 ta 6 0 
2 0 3 0 
10 3 0 
2 0 8 0 
10 2 0 
4 0 6 0 
3 0 4 0 
2 0 4 0 
10 4 0 
0 6 0 9 
3 0 6 0 
0 9 2 0 
2 0 6 0 
10 2 0 
10 3 0 
2 0 4 0 
3 0 6 0 
2 0 6 0 
2 0 3 0 
16 4 0 
0 3 0 6 
Leaves Falling: from Peach Trees (IF. II.). —The leaves are 
scorched by sun acting powerfully upon them whilst wet, the water 
having rested some time on the leaves and weakened their tissues. This 
sometimes causes so severe a check as to bring off the leaves both on 
trees under glass and in the open air against walls. There is no disease 
on the leaves whatever, but they have every indication of gum disease 
infecting the branches, the leaves becoming blotched and falling in 
consequence of ill supplies of sap, the gum having closed the alburnous 
layers of wood. Sometimes the leaves are cast through overcropping or 
insufficient supplies of water to meet the requirements of the leaves in 
evaporating under powerful sun ; and they are sometimes cast from the 
thinness of the epidermal tissues, which, unable to sustain evaporation 
under powerful sun, especially after a dull period, when the foliage 
becomes thin and soft, are scorched and rendered limp, the leaves, 
however, not falling until the sap flows freely, and their conduits being 
closed they are shed. There is some red spider on the leaves, but not 
much, not sufficient to account for the leaves falling, and some are quite 
clean. 
Names of Fruits. — Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large number of worthless Apples and Pears sent to this office to 
be named , it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, which arc not worth sending 
or growing . The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (J. F.). —Two of the fruits were completely spoiled, and 
one only arrived as sound as when you placed it in the box. We do 
not, however, undertake the naming of Plums without knowing whether 
the summer shoots of the varieties are smooth or downy, this being an 
important feature in leading to identification. 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
Arbor Vitas (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
Begonia, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
Calceolarias, per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
Oupressus, large plants.each 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
4 
Dracaena terminalis. dozen 18 
0 
42 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var.. each .. .. 
i 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. 
21 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
2 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ per dozen .. 
6 
„ (small) per hundred 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Rhodanthes, per dozen 
4 
Ficus eiastiea, each .. .. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Trailing plants (various), 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
per dozen. 
3 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Tropfeolum or Nasturtiums 
Geraniums, Ivy. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
per dozen. 
4 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
9 
0 
15 
0 
d. s. d. 
0 to 6 0 
0 4 0 
0 12 0 
0 6 0 
0 9 0 
0 15 0 
0 63 0 
6 4 0 
0 12 0 
0 6 0 
0 9 0 
0 6 0 
DAIRY REFORMS. 
Further consideration of this important subject brings with 
it the conviction that practical hints will now have especial atten• 
tion from committees having the matter before them, and who are 
seeking for information for their guidance in framing measures 
calculated to prove really useful. Another article may therefore 
be more to the purpose now than later on. Some repetition of 
