August 25, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
181 
Apple Tree Cankered (.4. M.'). —The branches are seriously 
affected with canker. The roots of the tree are in an ungenial medium. 
The soil is either too wet or deficient in the essentials for healthy 
growth. The affected parts should be cut out now, and just before the 
leaves fall much of the old soil should be cleared from the roots, those 
which strike down into the subsoil cut off, and fresh loam, containing 
•calcareous matter and wood ashes, placed round the others, made firm, 
and mulched, then healthier growth may be expected. The Apple is the 
Early Julyan, a useful summer cooking variety. 
Eucharis as a Fine-foliage Plant (A. Waters).— For purposes 
of exhibition the term “ ornamental foliage plant ” has reference to 
plants that are cultivated for the beauty of their leaves, and not of the 
flowers. Eucharises are grown for the beauty of their flowers, and not 
of their leaves, and we should not consider a non-flowering plant of 
Eucharis amazonica admissible in a class for “ ornamental foliage 
plants.” Its leaves when large, healthy, and glossy are ornamental no 
doubt, and so are the leaves of all plants when in perfect condition, 
whether they are large or small. We think the objection in question 
was well founded. 
Pyrus florlbunda (£7. IF.). —This is one of the most ornamental of 
hardy shrubs, inasmuch as the flowers are of a beautiful rich rosy red, 
and very freely produced in April or May, being followed by very small, 
long-stalked, nearly spherical fruit of a deep red colour on the sun side. 
We have no experience of the edibleness or otherwise of the fruit, but 
we think there would be too much core, too many seeds, and too little 
flesh for it to be of any particular value for preserving similar to the 
Siberian Crab. P. floribunda is a native of Japan, and was introduced 
only a few years prior to 1881, when it was exhibited at the R.H.S. 
under the name of Malus microcarpa floribunda. There is a Pyrus 
floribunda, Bindley, which is a synonym of P. arbutifolia, the Chokeberry 
of North America. 
Peach Trees Unsatisfactory (J. II.). — The trees may drop 
their fruit prematurely through imperfect stoning. This may be due to 
defective fertilisation, but the hole in the stem, or rather a hole in the 
base of the fruit next the stem, is mostly an indication of gum disease, 
which proceeds direct from the ovary and base of the kernel, the stoning 
being defective. Many fruits then fall instead of swelling just before 
stoning commences, and some after stoning in the early stages of the 
second swelling. The trees would be better lifted and replanted in fresh 
loam, but they are rather old to lift entirely ; therefore, the soil may be 
removed down to the roots, be picked from amongst them carefully and 
fresh supplied, raising any deep roots and laying them in the new soil, 
taking particular care of the fibres, especially those near the stem. 
Good strong turfy loam of a calcareous nature is the best, taking it off 
an old pasture about 3 inches thick, adding to it about one-sixth of old 
mortar rubbish, freed of laths and other pieces of wood, if the soil is 
not naturally calcareous. It is better to employ manure as top-dressing 
than to mix any with the soil. The borders should be thus renovated 
before the leaves fall from the trees, but not until the wood is mature 
and the foliage commences to ripen. 
Blight In onions (F. L.). —The Onion tops or leaves are infested 
by the Onion mildew (Peronospora Schleideniana), which causes a 
whitish-grey bloom on all the young leaves, and fills all parts with its 
mycelium, causing them to become brown and black. There are also 
myriads of spores (both uredo and teleuto) of another fungus on some 
parts of the leaves, and this parasite (Puccinia mixta) has been observed 
as hurtful to Onion crops at Shrewsbury and other places in England, 
also near Aberdeen and other districts in Scotland. The chief mischief 
in your case is caused by the mildew first named, and, owing to the fact 
that the fungi live inside the affected parts, and only produce their 
reproductive parts (spores) on the outside, they are difficult to deal 
with. The mycelial threads are also found on the outside in some 
cases (yours is one), and then the parasite is easier assailed. As the 
disease has not spread to the bulbs we advise dusting the Onions 
thoroughly with fresh burned lime, slacked, and applied as soon as 
sufficiently cool on a calm day, preferably the early part, coating the 
plants well in every part. This we have found very effectual in arresting 
the spread of the disease caused by Peronosporas, including its closely 
allied species Phytophthora infestans or the Potato disease. When the 
crop is mature it would be advisable to burn the tops of the Onions, and 
have the ground deeply ploughed or dug, so as to put the germs of the 
fungi out of power for mischief, or at least a majority of them, for a 
considerable time. They live or retain their germinative power for 
several years, certainly not less than four. See Names of Plants. 
Names of Fruits. — Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large number of worthless Apples and Pears sent to this office to 
be named, it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, which are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (J. D., Wales). —We have many times stated, and twice 
within the last month, that Peaches cannot be named without summer 
shoots, as the glands on the leaves have to be examined, information 
about ’the flowers, whether they are large or small, is also necessary. 
You have entirely overlooked these essentials. (McK. B.'). —The red 
Apple is Mr. Gladstone. We have taken some pains to determine the 
names of the others by comparison, and have arrived at the conclusion 
that they are local varieties without any generally recognised names. 
The numbers slipped off the stalks, and we can only say the smaller 
Apple was fairly good, the other worthless. (B. Ei). —1, Citron des 
Carmes ; 2, Williams’ Bon Chretien ; 3, Jargonelle. (Lex). —1, Duchess 
of Oldenburg ; 2, Tied Astrachan ; 3, Manks Codlin. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. JR.). —The light Carnation is a very good one, and worth keeping. 
Is it not paler than Mrs. Cannell ? It resembles the light form of Mary 
Morris, but we do not undertake to name varieties of these and other 
florists’ flowers. Thanks for the cuttings. ( F. Li). —They are. Poten- 
tillas, probably unnamed seedlings. (IT. Si). —Specimen insufficient (no 
leaves), but possibly Gypsophila paniculata. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 24th. 
Market steady with prices firm. 
FRUIT. 
Apples, half sieve .. .. 1 
Grapes, per lb.0 
Filberts, Kent, per lb. .. 0 
Lemons, case .15 
d. s. d. 
3 to 3 6 
9 2 0 
10 1 0 
0 35 0 
Oranges, per 100 
Peaches, per dozen .. 
Plums, per half sieve.. 
St. Michael Pines, each 
VEGETABLES. 
S. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 0 
Beet, Red, dozen.1 
Carrots, bunch.0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 2 
Celery, bundle .1 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 2 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 1 
Endive, dozen .1 
Herbs, bunch ,. ,. .. 0 
Leeks, bunch .0 
Lettuce, dozen.0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 0 
d. s. d. 
2 to 0 0 
0 0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
1 0 
1 0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
Onions, bunch . 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
Parsnips, dozen.. 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
Salsafy, bundle. 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
Seakale, per basket, .. .. 
Shallots, per lb. 
Spinach, bushel. 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
Turnips, bunch. 
s. d. s. d. 
4 0 to 9 0 
2 0 6 0 
3 6 7 0 
3 0 6 0 
s. d. s. d. 
0 2 to 0 0 
3 0 5 
0 -0 
0 3 
3 0 
0 2 
0 3 
3 0 
0 0 
5 0 
1 6 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
3 6 
0 4 
0 4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—CUT FLOWERS. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
Asters, French, bunch 
„ English, doz. bunches 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
Carnations, Malmaison, 12 
blooms . 
Carnations, dozen bunches 
Cornflower, dozen bunches 
Eschscholtzia, doz. bunches 
Eucharis, dozen. 
Fuchsias, per bunch .. .. 
Gardenias, per dozen 
Gladioli various & spray 
Gypsophiias, English, 
per bunch . 
Lavender, doz. bunches .. 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
blooms . 
Lilium (var.) dozen 
blooms .. .. 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
Arbor Vi tie (golden) dozen 
Begonia, per dozen .. 
Calceolarias, per dozen .. 
Cupressus, large plants,each 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 
„ viridis, dozen .. 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
„ (small) per hundred 
Ficus eiastiea, each .. .. 
Foliage plants, var., each.. 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. 
Geraniums, Ivy. 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 1 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
2 
0 to 
4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. bchs. 
4 
0 ta 
6 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me-not, 
2 
0 
6 
0 
dozen bunches. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
scarlet, 12 bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
i 
6 
3 
0 
Pinks, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Poppies (var.), doz. bunch 
1 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pyretlirum doz. bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
9 
2 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ (outdoor), doz. bunch. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
3 
0 
6 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Stocks, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
4 
0 
Sunflower, doz. bunches .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Sweet Sultan, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
6 
0 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
1 
6 
4 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 to 
b 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
1 A 
0 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. 
1 
0 
15 
(J 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Rhodauthes, per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Trailing plants (various), 
2 
0 
10 
0 
per dozen. 
3 
0 
9 
0 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Tropseolum or Nasturtiums 
4 
0 
6 
0 
per dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
15 
0 
A BUTTER FACTORY. 
In these articles we have often placed much stress upon the 
importance of close attention to the details of cow management, 
