474 
[ November 24, 1892. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
if the rent is reduced—something like a threat, followed by a 
plea for reduction. This is not right, and it is no wonder that 
some landlords lose patience, and say that a tenant who acts in 
such a manner must go. In two instances during the last 
twelve months we have done everything possible for the con¬ 
venience and comfort of the tenants, spending a considerable 
amount upon repairs, relieving them of responsibility for any¬ 
thing but rent, doing drainage wherever it appeared necessiry, 
erecting new hovels out on pasture for shelter, arranging also 
to improve poor pasture as it is drained by dressings of mineral 
manures, yet they have been so ill advised as to act as we say. 
The notice to leave his farm by one of them was so quickly 
followed by several applications for it that he asked to re-hire, 
but he was too late. 
We have shown that Wheat-growing should be confined to 
the land most suitable for it, and that Oats under high cultivation 
answer where Wheat fails to afford a profit. Let us see what 
else is possible. Milk, despite all that is said to the contrary, is 
profitable. Since we published the article containing the state¬ 
ment that this year has been the worst Derbyshire dairy farmers, 
i.e. milk producers for sale, have ever known, we have visited a 
gentleman in that county who lias a large estate and who does 
all he can for his tenants. He said he had been to Denmark 
and made close inquiry into dairy farming there, especially 
into the butter-making, wh ch has proved so profitable that the 
producers have found it worth while to open shops for the sale 
of it here. He came back resolved to establish a factory for his 
tenants, but upon going closely into the matter he found they 
were doing better with the sale of milk than was p:ssible if the 
butter factory was set going. Though his decis : on may not 
have been quite reliable, it tends at any rate to sho v that milk¬ 
selling is not so bad a business as it is said to be. 
So much depends upon the individual. We have a tenant 
on an estate where Stilton cheese making is tli9 stap'e—and a 
highly profitable industry—who makes no cheese, simply because 
his wife makes such good butter that the whole of it is sold to 
private customers at a high price. Another tenant sends his 
milk to London or Leicester after the cheese season ends, that is 
from the end of October till the end of March, became he finds 
it answer best to do so rather than turn to making inferior 
buttei’, as most of his co-tenants do during wintei\ But he takes 
care to havo several heifers calving during winter, both to keep 
up the supply of milk and to sustain its quality. In other 
words he is an able man who is not content to follow mere 
custom, but thinks and acts for himself, and adapts his practice 
to local circumstances and market requirements He and his 
family all work hard, they are prospei-ous and will continue so, 
simply because in them industry and thrift are united to 
intelligence and business capacity. 
WORK OK THE HOME FARM. 
Winter corn sown early is looking remarkably well, both Wheat and 
winter Oats being very strong, and Rye is so forward and vigorous 
that even now it would be useful for grazing it required. But herbage 
is poor in quality now, and those who make cheese and butter from 
cows out on pasture in November know to their cost how very much 
more milk is required to make a given quantity of either in comparism 
to results in spring and summer. It was with much regret that we saw 
many fine beasts out on pasture during the past week. They had 
been summered so well that they were almost ready for the butcher, 
but there they were out on the pasture without any protection from 
cold or wet, and were bound to fall off in condition. The farmer said he 
was holding them over till the glut of beasts on market was at an end. 
So far he was wise, but the beasts should have been in a yard a month 
ago, where they could be quiet, warm, and dry, as then the food con¬ 
sumed would have sent them to market in such high condition and is 
impossible now. Though on good pasture, with cake pans, they were 
running about in a restless, unsatisfactory manner, and must lose flesh 
for every good reason. 
How heavy the annual loss is from the exposure of cattle in winter 1 
We were driving in the High Peak district of Derbyshire just at day¬ 
break on November the 18th. The roads were hard with frost, and hoar 
frost covered the pastures. Among the walled enclosures groups of 
cattle were lying out in the open, not a hovel of any sort being visible. 
There many of them remain all the winter, and the loss is caused by 
their low condition in the spring. It is simple nonsense to say the 
hardy animals can bear it; that is not the point. It is a question of 
profit and loss, easily solved, and stupidly ignored or misunderstood. To- 
landlords we say, Help your tenants by providing means of shelter ; the 
cattle will go readily enough into any open hovel where they can obtain 
protection from wind and rain. 
Take every possible precaution with cows or heifers due to calve 
during the winter months, keeping them quiet and well cared for in 
every way. As the calving time approaches for each one withdraw it 
from the herd, placing it in a lodge opening into a small yard. The 
lodge should be sufficiently commodious for the calving, and ought to be 
closed then, a'so on very cold nights before the calving, and entirely 
afterwards. 
WEBB & SONS' ROOT CROP COMPETITION, 1892. 
The Judges (Mr. Joseph Beach, The Hattons, Wolverhamptori, 
and Mr. W. H. Hill, Claverley, Bridgnorth) appointed to award the 
valuable prizes offered by Messrs. Webb & Sons, of the Royal Seed 
Establishment, Wordsley, Stourbridge, for the best root crops grown 
from their seeds and with the aid of their special manures, have made 
the following awards :— 
District 1.—Five Acres of Webbs’ Swede, open to the counties of 
Salop, Stafford, Montgomery, Warwick, and Leicester, first prize, 
£15 15s., Mr. G. H. Simcock, New Farm, Woodhouses, Whitchurch,, 
38 tons per acre ; second prize, £10 10s., A. Wynne Corrie, Esq., Park 
Hall Farm, Oswestry, 37 tons 8 cwt. per acre ; third prize, £5 5s., 
Mr. W. Nunnerley, Kenwick, Ellesmere, 33 tons 17 cwt. per acre. 
Three acres of Webbs’ Mangold :—Prize £5 5s., A. Wynne Corrie,. 
Esq., Park Hall Farm, Oswestry, 41 tons 15 cwt. per acre. 
District 2.—5 acres of Webbs’ Swede, open to the counties of 
Hereford, Monmouth, Brecon, Glamorgan, Radnor, and Pembroke- 
First prize, £15 15s., the Marquis of Bute, Blackweir Farm, Cardiff, 
40 tons 10 cwt. per acre ; second prize, £5 5s., Mr. J. Thomas, Tile 
House, Boverton, Cowbridge, 37 tons 16 cwt. per acre. 
3 acres of Webbs’Mangold.—Prize £5 5 s ,Mr. J.H. Harding, Monacbty 
Farm, Maindy, Cardiff, 54 tons 15 cwt. per acre. 
District 3.—5 acres of Webbs’ Swede, open to the counties of Oxon, 
Bucks, Berks, Wilts, Hants, Surrey, Worcester, and Gloucester. First 
prize, £15 15s., Mr. E. F. Bellamy, The Moat, Newent, 33 tons 14 cwt, 
per acre ; second prize, £5 5s., Mr. F. Cole, Dodford Farm, Christian 
Malford, Chippenham, 30 tons 6 cwt. per acre. 
3 acres of Webbs’ Mangold.—Prize £5 5s., Mr. E. F. Bellamy, The 
Moat, Newent, 37 tons 18 cwt. per acre. 
District 4.—5 acres of Webbs’ Swede, open to the counties of Bed¬ 
ford, Cambridge, Cornwall, Cumberland, Cheshire, Derby, Devon, Dorset. 
Durham, Essex, Hertford, Huntingdon, Kent, Lancaster, Lincoln* 
Middlesex, Norfolk, Nottingham, Northampton, Northumberland, Rut¬ 
land, Somerset, Suffolk, Sussex, Westmoreland, York, Carmarthen, 
Carnarvon, Cardigan, Denbigh, Flint, and Merioneth. First prize, 
£15 15s., Mr. H. Hocknell, Hey wood Farm, Audlem, 47 tons 12 cwt. 
per acre ; second prize, £5 5s., Mr. Alfred Hocknell, Newtown, Audlem, 
45 tons 4 cwt. per acre. 
District 5.—3 acres of Webbs’ Mangold, open to the county of 
Lincoln. Prize, £5 5s., Mr. R. Smith, High Bank, Spalding, 37 tons 
12 cwt. per acre. 
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
Camden Square, London. 
Lat. 51° 32' 40" N.; Long. 0 ° 8 ' 0" W.; Altitude, 111 feet. 
Date. 
9 A.M. 
In the Day. 
a 
'cS 
P3 
1892. 
November. 
| Barometer 
i at 32°, and 
1 Sea Level. 
Hygrometer. 
Direc¬ 
tion of 
Wind. 
Temp, 
of soil 
at 
1 foot. 
Shade Tem¬ 
perature. 
Radiation 
Temperature 
Dry. 
Wet. 
Max. 
Min. 
In 
Sun. 
On 
Grass. 
Inchs. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
Inchs. 
Sunday .. 
13 
29-874 
52-8 
51-8 
S. 
46-0 
55-3 
45-0 
72-9 
36 7 
0-049 
Monday .. 
14 
29-84. 
51-7 
50-4 
S.E. 
46-9 
60-8 
49-9 
79-6 
42-8 
o-oio 
Tuesday .. 
15 
29-746 
55 0 
54 3 
S.W. 
47-9 
55-8 
51-0 
570 
45-0 
0-773 
Wednesday 
16 
29-780 
50-9 
50-2 
N. 
48-9 
51-6 
50-1 
567 
47-2 
0-469 
Thursday.. 
17 
30-033 
45-6 
43-4 
N. 
48-2 
47-9 
44-2 
62-1 
42-6 
— 
Friday 
18 
29-968 
40-6 
393 
W. 
46-9 
42-1 
38 1 
46-6 
33 2 
— 
Saturday .. 
19 
29-725 
41-5 
41-4 
E. 
450 
48-4 
34-7 
55-2 
28-4 
0-095 
29-853 
48-3 
47-3 
47-1 
51-7 
44 7 
61-4 
39.4 
1-396. 
REMARKS. 
13tli,—Fair throughout, and generally sunny from 11 A.M. to 1 P.M., and at times in 
afternoon; showery after 9 l’.M. 
14th.—Bright sunshine from 9.30 A.M.; fine evening, slight shower at 10.30 P.M. 
15th.—Almost incessant drizzle till 2 P.M, then fair till 6.30 P.M., and heavy rain in 
evening and night. 
IGth.—Almost incessant rain from midnight to midnight. 
17th.—Fine and dry, with gleams of sunshine at midday. 
18th.—Fair early; sun visible through smoke cloud at midday; foggy about sunset. 
19th.—Generally cloudy, and at times foggy ; but occasional SHnshine. 
The week was noticeable for the warmth and sun heat on the 14th, and for the 
heavy rain of the 15th and 16th; night minima generally high.—G. J. Symons. 
