September 8, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
227 
August, and prey upon the foliage until October, when they descend to 
and enter the ground, where they spin an oval cocoon, coated with earth, 
and from that the sawfly emerges in the following July. Dusting the 
leaves on the upper side with newly slaked quicklime, repeated once or 
twice at intervals of about half an hour, completely kills the slug-worms. 
Another very effectual remedy is to slake a quarter peck of quicklime 
in a tub, add six gallons of water, stir well, and allow it to stand twenty- 
four hours, then pour off the clear water. Dissolve 8 ozs. of softsoap in 
a gallon of boiling water, also steep 2 ozs. of the strongest tobacco in 
half a gallon of boiling water, cover, let stand until cool, then strain, 
and add the softsoap solution and the tobacco water to the lime water, 
mix all together, and apply with a syringe to every part of the trees, 
■especially the upper surface of the leaves. Slug-worm infestations are 
generally local, and recur year after year. As it is getting late, and 
some of the pests may have entered the soil from the fallen leaves and 
passed into the pupae state, we advise the removal of the soil in winter 
a few weeks after the leaves are all down, taking it off 3 or 4 inches 
deep beneath the trees that have been infested, and burning it. Supply 
fresh soil in place of that removed. 
Disease In Scotch Firs (J. IT .').— One of the growths is very 
much, and the other to a less extent, infested in the leaves or needles 
with, the mycelium of a fungus (Peridermium acicolum, a form of 
P. pini), which has permeated the greater part of the tissues and 
abstracted the contents of the cells, the whole of the green colouring 
matter (chlorophyll) being gone. This gives the needles, beneath 
which part of the fungal filaments exist, a sickly yellow colour. There 
18 nothing discernible outside the epidermal tissues as yet, but the 
reproductive organs are being pushed from the mycelium, and these 
will appear as. outgrowths through the epidermis of the diseased parts 
after a time, in cylindrical, laterally flattened, or conical form, and 
called peridia. These outgrowths, about one-tenth of an inch high, 
and one-twentieth of an inch broad, are formed of a thin layer of cells, 
and tear unevenly at the tips, setting free several minute, orange- 
coloured spores. These reproduce the fungus, as well as give the 
popular name of ‘‘red rust” to the parasite. The form described is 
only found in the needles, and it is believed, from the investigation of 
Wolff and others, to be only a stage in the life-cycle of another fungus 
(Coleosporium senecionsis) commonly found on the leaves and stems of 
the common Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), and readily distinguishable 
by the orange spots crowded into irregular patches, or in concentric 
rings, or scattered over the leaves. The spores of the Coleosporium are 
very minute, orange yellow, nearly round, and covered with fine warts. 
These spores alighting on the Scotch Fir or Austrian Pine often fail 
(as they do in experiments) to produce the Fir fungus, but we invari¬ 
ably find it on young trees—always, to our knowledge, under twenty 
years of age—in pleasure grounds where the ground has been trenched, 
and in woods a few years after the trees have been planted, the turned 
up ground, whether by trenching or in making holes, giving rise to 
Groundsel from seeds that have lain dormant. We have not found 
the fungus infest trees planted distant from the vicinity of gardens 
that is, on the mountains of Wales, and on the North Yorkshire 
moors. There is no fungus as yet in or beneath the bark, but the 
attack so far is confined to the leaves, and it should be prevented 
spreading by removing and burning all the parts that show the disease. 
The ground in the neighbourhood of the trees should be kept as clear 
as possible of Groundsel, and Ragwort (Senecio Jacobma) should be 
excluded from the gardens near Fir plantations, for the Coleosporium 
flourishes on the vigorous Senecios of gardens, just the same as the 
fungus which passes part of its existence on the leaves of various 
species of Ribes, and gives rise to the typical form in Pinus Strobus, is 
most luxuriant on a Black or White Currant bush in gardens. This 
fungus (Peridermium Strobi, of Dr. Klebahn of Bremen) attacks the 
bark, not the leaves, of the Weymouth Pine, and in this form produces 
mcidiospores, whilst the uredo and telentospores are borne by the heter- 
mcious species found on Ribes leaves in the shape of Cronartium ribicola, 
Dietr , This species Dr. Plowright found on July 2nd near King’s Lynn 
in Black and White Currant bushes in the garden of Mr. G. S. Boyes, 
Oak wood House, which is the first recorded “ find ” of the species in 
England. 
Names of Fruits. — Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large number of worthless Apples and Pears sent to this office to 
be named, it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior, which are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (S. and M.), —The Apple is probably the Carlisle Codlin, 
but no one could fee absolutely certain from a solitary fruit. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligature-i, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(./. J .).—The Fern is Adiantum concinnum. The Dahlias are attractive, 
but not of exceptional merit. (T. W .).—The dark-leaved plant (No. 3) 
is grown in a large nursery under the name of Hietnigraphys colorata. 
(<?. TF.).—1, Calliopsis Drummondi, the dark one is atrosanguinea ; 
2, Sphenogyne speciosa ; 3, Vallota purpurea. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— September 7th. 
Market very flat.indeed, with prices much depressed. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Apples, half sieve .. .. 
1 
0 to 3 
6 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
Grapes, per lb . 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Peaches, per dozen .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Filberts, Kent, per lb. 
0 
8 
0 
9 
Plums, per half sieve.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lemons, case . 
15 
0 
35 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
S. 
a. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
5 
Carrots, bunch . 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Cucumbers, dozen .. ,. 
1 
6 
3 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket, .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch .. .. ., 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
3 
0 
3 
6 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
2 
0 
4 
Mushrooms, punnet ., .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. bchs. 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Asters, French, bunch 
0 
9 
1 
3 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ English, doz. bunches 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me-not, 
0 
6 
1 
0 
dozen bunches . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Carnations (various), 12 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
2 
0 
8 
u 
blooms . 
1 
0 
6 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Carnations, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cornflower, dozen bunches 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 bunches 
Poppies (var.), doz. bunch 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
1 
0 
4 
0 
blooms . 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
Pyrethrum doz. bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
bunches . 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
„ (outdoor), doz. bunch. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Fuchsias, per bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
Gladioli (various), 12 sprays 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Gypsophilas, English, 
Stocks, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
5 
0 
per bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Sunflower, doz. bunches . 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lavender, doz. bunches .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Sweet Sultan, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
3 
0 
blooms . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Lilium (var.) doz. blooms 
0 
6 
2 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arbor Vitas (golden) dozen 
6 
Oto 12 
0 
Geraniums, Ivy. 
4 
Oto 6 
0 
Begonia, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
9 
0 
15 
0 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ large plants, each 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cupressus, large plants,each 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracama terminalis. dozen 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ viriuis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var.. each .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
„ (specimens) .. 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
o 
0 
4 
0 
„ (smill) per hundred 
6 
0 
8 
0 
„ per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Tropamlum or Nasturtiums 
0 
0 
Foliage plants var., each.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
per dozen. 
3 
4 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
WHEAT SOWING. 
To have a full strong plant of Wheat sow early in September, 
using a pure seed sample of sorts of approved excellence, avoiding 
all tail corn or inferior seed. The matter is worthy of particular 
attention and a special effort, any momentary inconvenience caused 
by it being rewarded by freedom from the anxiety and difficulty of 
later sowings. Every season there are numerous complaints of 
unfavourable weather and a bad seed bed from those farmers who 
put off sowing till October and November. Now the soil is com¬ 
paratively dry and friable, breaking freely before the drill coulters, 
and covering the seed if sown broadcast by a turn or two of light 
harrows. Then it frequently clogs the implements, and it is often 
most difficult to get the seed well covered, and the work is heavier 
