October 13, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
883 
in water, portions would not come into action at all. The lime, too, 
must be of the best quality, and not from a quantity which had been 
kept for any time exposed to the air. 
Prevention of Smoke and Fogs. — Mr. Michael forwarded the 
following report upon Col. Dulier’s process for the prevention of 
smoke and fogs :— 
“As requested by the Committee I have inspected Col. Dulier’s 
apparatus at No. 51, Sloane Gardens. The process is especially appli¬ 
cable to domestic fires, including those of the ordinary English type. 
Shortly stated the process is as follows—viz., Steam (not under pressure) 
is generated in a small special boiler behind the kitchen range, and is 
allowed to mix with the smoke in the flue ; it may be introduced either 
at the top or the bottom of the flue. The mixed smoke and steam does 
not pass through a chimney pot into the open air in the usual way, but 
is conducted into a condenser on the roof of the house, which receives 
all the flues of the house. In this condenser the steam is condensed, 
and falls into very fine rain, thus washing the smoke and carrying 
down carbon, sulphurous acid, &c., the whole being carried off by a 
drain. It is claimed that the condensed steam carries down practically 
the whole of the free carbon, and also a third to a half of the sulphurous 
acid when the air temperature in the open is 50° Fahr. or above, and 
more than a half when the temperature is lower. It does not appear 
that any experiments have yet been made to ascertain what proportions 
of the other residual products of coal combustion are carried down. The 
process appears to me to be simple, automatic, and well worthy of 
further investigation and encouragement. A wet rag placed over the 
discharge aperture of the condenser, where the hot air and gases 
escape, is not blackened and does not collect soot, and the face may be 
held over the same aperture without any particular inconvenience being 
experienced. It is further claimed that the apparatus prevents the 
possibility of a down draught in the chimney, and also effects a con¬ 
siderable saving in fuel. The present apparatus at 51, Sloane Gardens, 
has been erected for the purpose of experiment and demonstration only, 
and would, I fear, be much too costly to be enforced for general use in 
small houses ; but it is the first made, and could probably be greatly 
simplified and reduced in cost. Col. Dulier would be happy to exhibit 
the apparatus to the Fog Sub-committee on their applying to him at 
27, Sloane Gardens. The apparatus used by the chemists who tested 
the absorption of sulphurous acid, &c., is still in No. 51, Sloane Gardens, 
and Col. Dulier would place it at the service of any chemist con¬ 
nected with this Society who might be inclined to make further 
investigations.” 
The thanks of the Committee were given to Mr. Michael for his 
report. 
White Ants from La Rochelle. —Mr. McLachlan exhibited speci¬ 
mens of the Termes lucifugus received from La Rochelle, the injuries 
caused by them having been described at a previous meeting. They are 
small, being about half an inch long, and in the larval condition. 
Artichoke Gall. —He also exhibited a specimen of a gall, probably 
produced by some species of cynips. 
Cladosporium on Wheat. —Mr. Plowright sent specimens showing 
this disease, with the following communication :—“ During the last 
season this disease has been exceedingly common in the Wheat in various 
parts of England. No district has probably suffered more from it than 
the eastern counties. It is often present with us, but I have never seen 
it so abundant as this year. Whole fields were blackened by it, and 
many persons mistook it for Wheat mildew, with which, of course, it has 
no affinity. Until recently the Cladosporium was regarded as a sapro¬ 
phyte, but recent investigations show me that it can also exist as a true 
parasite. During the harvest the difference between Wheat mildew and 
the Cladosporium disease is very apparent, for where the last-named is 
present to any extent the reaping machine is surrounded by a cloud of 
dust. There is nothing to prevent both fungi occurring in a Wheat 
crop simultaneously, but, of course, the mildew is not dusty. Prof. 
Eriksson, of Stockholm, a few years ago called attention to the preva¬ 
lence of Cladosporium on Rye in Norway and Sweden, and pointed out 
that it all occurred on the grain, and further, that when the diseased 
Rye was consumed it gave rise to a series of symptoms, among which 
were diarrhoea, vomiting, and especially derangement of Derve centres, 
producing dizziness and a staggering gait, like that of a drunken man. 
The grain of Rye being less covered by the chaff is more liable to have 
the fungus upon it than is the case with the Wheat. Prof. Woroninlast 
year was called upon by the Russian Government to investigate a series 
of cases in which the above-named symptoms were produced by its con¬ 
sumption. He came to the conclusion, however, that the poisonous 
properties were induced rather by Fusarium roseum than by the Clado¬ 
sporium, although the latter was very abundant on the affected grains. 
As will be seen from the specimens sent, the Cladosporium is especially 
abundant on the chaff. Such a development of parasitic life cannot but 
be detrimental to the Wheat affected by it, and it is probable that the 
Cladosporium has much to do with the poor yield so many agriculturists 
complain of this year. This is a subject into which the Agricultural 
Department shou'd inquire into at once.” 
Cronartium ribicola. —Mr. Plowright also sent specimens of Pinus 
Strobus attacked by the aecidiform stage of this fungus, with the follow¬ 
ing communication :—“At a recent meeting of the Scientific Committee 
specimens of this fungus on Currant leaves were exhibited, gathered in 
the garden of Mr. C. G. Boyes, Oakwood House, Setch, near King’s 
Lynn. On the 13th of August I again visited the garden and examined 
the Pines, in order to find if possible the branches affected by the 
Peridermium. This I was successful in doing, and herewith send one of 
the affected branches. It will be seen that the mycelium of the 
Peridermium has caused hypertrophy of the affected branch. The 
peripheral extremity bears a sickly tuft of foliage, but the branch itself 
is evidently dying, although at its base it shows the enlargement due to 
the mycelium extending downwards. There are two trees affected about 
15 yards from the Currant bushes. I have also observed the Cronartium 
on Currants in the garden at Middleton Rectory.” A vote of thanks 
was given to Mr. Plowright for his interesting communication- 1 . 
Green-fruited Elder. —Mr. Henslow exhibited sprays of this rare 
form of the common Elder from a tree in his garden at Ealing. The 
foliage differs from the common form in being darker in colour, the two 
halves of a leaflet approximating each other as in the Portugal Laurel, 
the marginal teeth being curved forwards, whereas in the common form 
the leaf is paler green, the leaflets are flat, and the teeth straighten 
The berries of the green variety are globular with ten veins, resembling 
Currants, the ordinary form being oblong and black. The taste is the 
same in both. 
Roses under Glass. 
Where planting is anticipated no better time could be selected than 
the present. Plants that have been grown in pots travel well at this 
season without injury or the fear of any permanent check. Having the 
whole of their foliage upon them, and their roots in an active condition, 
Roses are not long under greenhouse treatment before they become well 
established in the new soil, in fact sufficient to insure a vigorous growth 
next season. 
There will be no comparison between the growth of plants planted 
now and those that are planted two months hence. All the attention 
needed will be syringing the plants occasionally after planting, and 
being careful not to overwater them. This is important; if the soil 
is made wet about them, they may fail to root into it, and start badly 
into growth in spring. If the soil at planting time is in an intermediate 
state for moisture very little, if any, water at their roots will be needed 
before the early months of the year, except that which they receive by 
syringing. As far as possible we avoid watering, and in order to do so 
slightly mulch the border. 
In the past we have found Tea and Noisette kinds stand the winter 
well when planted out of pots at this season of the year, and generally 
do well afterwards.—W. B. 
H.P. Marchioness of Londonderry. 
By an odd coincidence, at the time my friend Mr. Bateman was 
writing to you on the subject of Messrs. Dickson’s new Rose 
Marchioness of Londonderry, I had addressed a note to one of your 
contemporaries in which I described this Rose in exactly identical 
terms— i.e., as like a Magnolia. It is the type which strikes you at 
once when you see the bloom in its full development. The scent is 
also most uncommon. Altogether it seems to me a grand Rose. 
Rose Analysis. 
Your leader, signed by my friend, “ E. M.,” on the Rose analysis, is 
most interesting, and in many ways instructive. “ E. M.’s ” remarks 
are always so carefully weighed and correct that I am pleased to note 
the opening sentence of his first paragraph, which is in striking contrast 
to the inaccuracies of a writer in one of your contemporaries on a 
somewhat similar topic. 
" E. M.” emphasises my statement that the National Society’s Show 
in July was “ the most extensive ever held.” I am only sorry he did 
not further support his remark by figures, and thereby demolish other 
erroneous statements which have been recently circulated. 
Your correspondent proceeds then to explain the anomaly of his 
figures of the leading Roses being smaller than of late years by the fact 
of the Society having had for prudential reasons to withhold fourth 
prizes this year. Now what this involves is that out of some fifty-six 
classes (I do not count the entire sixty, as they were not all for exhibition 
varieties) with exhibits of from seventy-two down to six Roses, the 
names of what would have existed as fourth prizes, and have been taken 
into account in other years are now omitted, this involving the names of 
about 1000 Roses I I can make out the exact number easily, as you 
have only to count the exhibits requisite for each class and multiply by 
the number of classes. 
I note amongst other details that “E. M.” agrees with me in look¬ 
ing on Mrs. W. J. Grant as an improved Jeannie Dickson, but Messrs. 
Dickson tell me that as grown by them at Newtownards there is little 
similarity. I am satisfied to accept Messrs. Dickson’s opinion, as they 
are such first-class authorities and rosarians that they are not likely to 
err, and, moreover, are superior to prejudice ; but for our satisfaction, as 
rosarians in England, it would have been desirable to show these two 
fine Roses as grown by them and in juxtaposition next year. Whether 
this is feasible, now that the stock of Mrs. W. J. Grant is sold, is a 
question I am unable to solve, as I am not acquainted with the etiquette 
in such matters. 
