341 
October 13, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
d’Etfi, Williams’ Bon Chretien, Beurr6 d’Amanlis, Beurrd Superfin, 
Louise Bonne of Jersey, Comte de Lamy, Durondeau, Emile d’Heyst, 
Marshal de Cour, Doyenne du Comice, Josephine de Malines, and 
Bergamotte Esperen ; stewing : Vicar of Winkfield, Catillac, and 
Directeur Alphand. Plums : Early Prolific, Tbe Czar, Oullins Golden, 
Denniston’s Superb, The Sultan, Belgian Purple, Early Transparent, 
Green Gage, Victoria, Jefferson, Kirke’s, and Coe’s Golden Drop. All 
are suitable for pyramids or espaliers. 
Wlag-g-ots on Peach Bart (7. Bi). —This, on examination of 
specimens, turns out to be the frequent foe of this tree, also of the 
Apricot and Plum, called Tortrix Weberiana; the caterpillar produces 
a small silvery brown moth, of which there appear to be two broods 
yearly, so that the caterpillar is found in the spring and autumn. One of 
its effects is to cause exudations of gum and the growth of protuberances. 
It has been recommended to apply with a hard brush a wash of sulphur 
and lime, or the familiar one of petroleum and softsoap. Syringing or 
spraying does not so well remove the pest from the trunks or branches 
of trees. 
Peaches Unsatisfactory ( West Biding ').—It is not uncommon for 
some varieties of late Peaches ripening in October to have very tough 
and dry flesh. We have usually found the defect a result of insufficient 
supplies of water and nourishment at the roots during the swelling and 
up to the last stages of the fruit ripening, accompanied by an arid condi¬ 
tion of the atmosphere caused by drying currents of air. This appears 
to be your case, the moisture in the atmosphere and the water and 
nourishment at the roots having been inadequate to the demands of 
evaporation, which, being excessive, has caused the fruit to become 
woolly and juiceless. The treatment recently accorded the trees would 
only aggravate the evil, as the heat with ventilation would increase the 
evaporation. We can only recommend better supplies of water and 
nourishment at the roots from the time of the fruit commencing to 
swell until it is perfected, with a genial condition of the atmosphere. 
The condition your Peaches are in is more pronounced in light than in 
heavy soils through the deficiency of potassic matter in the former. 
Bspaller Trees (H. IF.).—In forming espalier trees it is important 
to keep the lower tier of branches longer than the next pair above. If 
the lower branches are weak elevate them to encourage growth, depress¬ 
ing those above them if these are the strongest. Take care to occupy the 
lower part of the space with branches ; there will be no difficulty in 
furnishing the upper portion of the trellis. Shorten the leader to 1 foot 
for originating another pair of side branches as well as a new leader. If 
this makes early and strong growth it may be cut back after mid¬ 
summer, and a second pair of side branches will have time to form by 
the autumn. This is not always the case, and you must be guided by 
the vigour of the tree in summer shortening. Espalier trees are com¬ 
monly too weak at the base, and if the upper tiers of branches grow 
unduly strong the extremity as well as side shoots may be pinched when 
about six pairs of leaves are formed, taking a second growth for exten¬ 
sion, pinching the others as directed, and subsequently to one leaf as it 
is made. The sap will then be diverted into the lower branches. It is 
not a good plan to train the branches horizontally the first year or two, 
except any that are very strong, for checking exuberance, then the 
weaker, that are trained more or less upright, will be invigorated, and 
in time a well-balanced tree will be formed. 
Gourds (id M. B.). —The Great Gourd (Cucurbita maxima) some¬ 
times produces fruit of an immense size, there being instances on record 
where they have been grown in this country weighing 212 lbs., and 
measuring 8 feet in circumference. We have ourselves seen them 
upwards of 170 lbs. in weight. This and its varieties are always round 
and depressed, like a much-flattened Orange, with an indentation at the 
stalk and flower ends, and generally ribbed. The French call it Potiron. 
It is used in soups. The Pumpkin, or Pompion, called by the French 
Citrouille, is C. pepo. The fruit of this is generally oblong, or inclining 
to oblong, and very much smaller than the preceding. There are a 
great number of varieties of it cultivated in gardens, both for ornament 
and also for culinary use. They are used cut up in soups, in the same 
way as Turnips are ; and they also make very excellent pies, which are 
much relished by some, the quality depending very much on the mode 
of cooking. When the fruit is ripe some cut a hole on one side, and, 
having taken out the seeds, fill the void with sliced Apples, adding a 
little sugar and spice, and then, having baked the whole, eat it with 
butter. It may also be used fried in oil or butter. The Squashes so 
extensively grown in America are C. melopepo. They are always flat, 
and have prominent angles or ribs on their sides ; that which is called 
Turk’s Cap, and is variously coloured like a turban, belongs to this 
species. C. ovifera is Vegetable Marrow, now so extensively grown and 
generally used. Some of the Gourds are entirely covered with large 
warts, and are caPed Warted Gourds. They are varieties of C. verrucosa, 
and vary in size and shape, being round, flat, Pear-shaped, and bottle- 
shaped. The Americans use them, when about half-grown, as a sauce 
to their meat. The Orange Gourd, which is of the size, shape, and colour 
of an Orange, is C. aurantia, and may also be eaten like the others. 
When trained up a pole or against a wall, and covered with its beautiful 
orange fruit, it makes an ornamental plant. 
CTames of Fruits. — Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large number of worthless Apples and Pears sent to this office to 
be named , it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit , and to reject the inferior, which are not worth sending 
or growing. The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (7. Gray). —1, Catillac ; 2, Beurrd Superfin ; 4, Beurrc 
Clairgeau ; 5, Bergamotte Esperen ; 6, Williams’ Bon Chretien. (C. Page.) 
— l,Gravenstein ; 2, Blenheim Pippin. ( F . A.J. hi.). —A, Bess Pool ; B, 
Ross Nonpareil; C, Cox’s Orange Pippin ; D, Golden Reinette ; F, Lane’s 
Prince Albert. ( Brynkinalt ).— 1, Pear-shaped Quince; 2, Golden 
Reinette ; 3, Dumelow’s Seedling ; 6, Nouveau Poiteau. The others 
probably local varieties. ( G. M. S .).— A, Blenheim Pippin ; B, Russet 
Table Pearmain ; C, Fearn’s Pippin ; D, One of the ornamental Crabs. 
(Joseph R. Formby).—!, Marbchal de Cour ; 2, Olivier de Serres. 
(7. //.).—Apple Hollandbury ; Pear British Queen. The Lord Suffield are 
very bright, and the Beurrd Ranee unusually fine. ( W. S.). —1. Not Irish 
Pitcher, more like American Mother; 2, Deux Soeurs. (R.J.II.). A 
valuable and fine Apple which we cannot identify ; you should send six 
fruits to the Fruit Committee of the R.H.S. (C. IF. Duhe). —Cox’s 
Orange Pippin. (A. Reid, jun.). —1, Winter Queening; 2, Nonesuch; 
3, Minchull Crab. (F. Williams).—I and 2. Ecklinville, the variation 
due to stock influence ; 2, Petworth Nonpareil. (G. F .).—The Apple is 
Hollandbury ; the Pear is Comte de Lamy. 
ZsTames of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and. Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
S'ightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligature?, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(T. II.). — 1, Viburnum cotinifolium ; 2, Leycesteria formosa; 3, 
Cryptomeria elegans ; 4, Retinospora ericoides; 5, specimen defective, 
possibly Polygonum Sieboldi ; 6, Liatris spicata. (A. II., Cottingliavi). 
—1, Quercus Cerris, a variety of the Turkey Oak ; 2, Fagus sylvatica 
laciniata, the Fern-leaved Beech. (J. Hi). —1, Polygonum, too far gone 
to name ; 2, Solidago, var. of latifolia ; 3, Veronica spicata and var. 
alba ; 4, Echinops sphmrocephala ; 5, Dendrobium chrysotoxum. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— October 12th. 
Market very flat indeed, with prices much depressed. 
Apples, half sieve ,. .. 
G-rapes, per lb. 
Filberts, Kent, per 100 lb3. 
Lemons, case . 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
Carrots, bunch. 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. . 
Celery, bundle . 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
Cucumbers, dozen .. . 
Endive, dozen .. .. 
Herbs, bunch .. ,. . 
Leeks, bunch . 
Lettuce, dozen. 
Mushrooms, punnet .. . 
s. d. 
1 0 to 3 6 
0 6 16 
75 0 80 0 
15 0 35 0 
FRUIT, 
s. d. 
Oranges, per 100 
Peaches, per dozen .. 
St. Michael Pines, each 
s. 
4 
2 
3 
d. s. d. 
0 to 9 0 
0 6 0 
0 6 0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. d. s. d. 
2 to 0 0 
0 0 0 
0 0 
0 9 
0 9 
0 0 
0 0 
1 0 
1 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 2 to 0 0 
Onions, bunch .... n 5 n K 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
Scorzonera, bundle ,. 
Seakale, per basket .. 
Shallots, per lb. 
Spinach, bushel.3 0 
Tomatoes, per lb.0 2 
Turnips, bunch.0 3 
0 0 
0 3 
0 5 
3 0 
0 0 
5 0 
1 6 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
3 6 
0 4 
0 4 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
Asters, English, doz. bnchs. 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
blooms . 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches . 
Eucharis, dozen. 
Fuchsias, per bunch .. .. 
Gardenias, per dozen 
Geraniums, scarlet, 12 bchs. 
Gladioli (.various) 12 sprays 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
blooms . 
Lilium (var.) doz. blooms 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. bchs. 
rbor Vitas (golden) dozen 
egonia, per dozen .. 
hrysanthemums, per doz. 
„ large plants, each 
upressus, large plants,each 
iracasna terminalis, dozen 
„ viridis, dozen 
iuonvmus, var., dozen 
ivergreens. in var., dozen 
erns, in variety, dozen .. 
„ (small) per hundred 
icus elastieu, each .. .. 
'oliage plant?, var., each.. 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES.—CUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety, 
s. d. s. d. 
3 0 to 6 0 
3 0 6 0 
0 6 
0 6 
16 2 0 
12 0 
6 0 
1 0 
4 0 
8 0 
2 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
Pyrethrum doz. bunches .. 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
„ (outdoor), doz. bunch. 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
Sunflower, doz. bunches .. 
Sweet Sultan, doz. bunches 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. 
s. d. s. d. 
2 0 to 4 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
3 
1 
6 
0 
3 
0 
6 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
1 0 
3 0 
12 0 
2 0 
9 0 
0 9 
6 0 
0 3 0 6 
4 
0 
6 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
S. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 to 
6 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Heliotrope, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
9 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
15 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Lilium lancifolium „ 
12 
0 
15 
2 
0 
5 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var.. each .. .. 
i 
0 
15 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
6 
0 
9 
1 
6 
10 
6 
„ per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Solanums, per dozen .. ., 
9 
0 
12 
