414 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ November 10, 1892. 
On heavy tenacious soil, and on peat soils that have become 
sour by the accumulation of vegetable acids, I shall advise the use 
of 1£ cwt. on each rod. or say ten tons per acre. On loams inclining 
to be heavy and having been heavily manured 1 cwt. per rod, or 
8 tons per acre. On soils inclining to be sandy I should use from 
4 to f cwt. on each rod, or from 4 to 6 tons per acre. Judgment 
is needed in this matter, and the quantity advised ought to be 
varied according to the texture of the soil and its condition 
generally. 
If I used gas lime, which I dislike very much indeed, I should 
not apply more than a quarter to half a cwt. per rod. This 
lime needs very careful spreading on the soil some considerable 
time before the ground is cropped. If I was tied to the use of 
gas lime I should mix it with the scrapings of roads, and the edging 
of walks ; in fact, form a compost heap of any material I could get, 
and let it lay for twelve months or so, after which it may be 
thoroughly mixed and applied to the land in early autumn.— 
Wm. Bardney. 
FRUIT IN THE LORD MAYOR’S SHOW, 
There is more truth in the old saying that “ familiarity breeds 
contempt’’ than there is in most of the threadbare and weather¬ 
worn aphorisms with which those who have not wit enough to 
devise any original wisdom hide the barrenness of the mental 
land. . This paves the way for saying that even so venerable a 
function as the Lord Mayor’s procession on the 9th of November 
has come to be regarded with ill-concealed disfavour to most Fleet 
Streeters ; and at the Journal office in particular, where the course 
of business in the height of the Chrysanthemum season has often 
been interfered with by the civic pageant. This year, however, all 
was changed. The venerable chief smiled even more benignantly 
than usual ; the manager moved about with more than his wonted 
briskness ; a busy staff forgot to grumble about their work being 
interfered with, which, considering their avidity for it, was 
very significant; and the printing staff in general betrayed a 
distinct interest in what was going on, while words failed to 
describe the condition of the office boys. In a word, 171 was 
not itself on Lord Mayors day. What was the explanation ? 
It was the announcement that a car of fruit was going to 
form a part of the great procession for the first time in 
history. If it had been possible to divine the innermost 
thoughts of the staff, it would have been found that each 
and all was sensible that the Journal felt it could justly lay claim 
to some share in the work that had led to the innovation taking 
place, and felt a personal interest in the show for the first out of 
the many times it had passed beneath the office walls. 
-A. happier idea than that of arranging for such a display 
could not have occurred in connection with the great festival. 
Public interest in home-grown fruit has grown, and is still 
growing ; the populace could hardly, therefore, fail to be pleased 
at having a magnificent trophy paraded before it. That pleasure 
was experienced the volleys of cheers all along the line showed 
plainly. The fruit looked so tempting that it is hard to estimate 
the magnitude of the scramble which would have taken place had 
a breakdown occurred. The crowd, however, found appreciation 
without an opportunity of experimenting, and expressed their 
sentiments at seeing a great trophy of British fruits passing through 
London streets in the true old British style. The Fruiterers’ 
Company made excellent arrangements for carrying out the project 
in an efficient manner, and placed the work in the capable hands 
of Mr. George Bunyard. The noble edifice of fruit built up was a 
complete justification of their choice. At one end of the car 
was a set of trees in pots, and at the other espalier-trained speci 
mens, all well furnished with handsome fruits. At the side of 
the central stage were cordon trees. The main portion of the trophy 
consisted of thirty-six baskets of splendid fruit, the Apples com¬ 
prising such richly coloured varieties as Worcester Pearmain, 
Gascoigne’s Seedling, and Bismarck, while Stirling Castle, Warner’s 
King, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Pott’s Seedling, Blenheim, and King 
of the Pippins were noticeable, together with Pitmaston Duchess* 
Beurre de Capiaumont, and other Pears. These were arranged in 
two sloping banks, and were surmounted by growing Pine Apples 
and some baskets of splendid Grapes. Apart from these there 
were four corner standards entwined with Pyracantha berries, 
Clematis, and Brambles, and strings of berries and foliage depend¬ 
ing from them. Two mottos, “God Giveth Increase,” and “ Britain 
Can Grow Her Own Fruit,” were conspicuous on the side drapery. 
Corner scrolls gave the names of the four counties growing the 
most fruit—namely, Herefordshire, Worcester, Devon, and Kent, 
and a gilded upper piece lent finish to the work. It is pleasant to 
record that a brother fruiterer in Mr. Joseph Cheal of Crawley, 
willingly lent valuable assistance with fruit in arranging the trophy. ' 
it was a credit to all concerned—to the Fruiterers’ Company, 
which, headed by Sir James Whitehead, Bart., M.P., has done 
so much for British fruit growing during the last two or 
three years ; to Mr. Bunyard and his assistants ; last and greatest 
to the country which produced it. 
TRAINED FRUIT TREES. 
Though the art of training fruit trees is not carrierl to such elaborate 
extremes in this country as it is on the continent one has only to enter a 
few of the leading fruit nurseries to recognise that the main principles 
are thoroughly familiar to us. The British trainers are not all Jamins, 
but they know their work well nevertheless, and I venture to think that 
if the illustrious French horticulturist named were to visit the metropo¬ 
litan nursery of Messrs. Yeitch & Sons at Southfields, Fulham, he would 
accord ready appreciation of the splendid mass of material in the way of 
trained trees which is there discoverable. There is something of special 
interest in this phase of fruit culture. Valuable as are the ordinary trees 
and bushes for planting in the open, both in gardens and market estab¬ 
lishments, there are thousands of places in which wall and espalier trees 
can be usefully and profitably utilised. In every well appointed garden 
of any pretensions they have their allotted positions, and in smaller 
gardens, such as those of amateurs and cottagers, they might be planted 
with hope of a valuable return. I am told that in Oxfordshire there are 
several instances of Apricots being grown so successfully on cottage walls 
that the fruit pays the rent, and there is no douht whatever that, many 
square miles of wall surface go bare which might, he made to produce in 
the aggregate many tons of delicious and wholesome fruit. 
The Lost Art of Peach Growing. 
Notwithstanding many striking examples to the contrary, Peach 
growing in the open air appears to be a lost art to the majority of 
cultivators. There are comparatively few gardens in which healthy and 
fruitful trees are to be found. That success or failure is largely a 
question of culture may be gathered from the fact that splendid crops 
are produced in such diverse localities as Chiswick, where a lesson in 
Peach growing is taught by Mr. Barron ; Bishops Waltham, in Hamp¬ 
shire, where Mr. Molyneux grows Peaches as well out of doors as he 
does Grapes under glass ; and Abberley Hall, in Worcestershire, where 
Mr. A. Young proves his ability as an all-round gardener b.y bringing 
magnificent crops to perfection 500 feet above the level of the sea. 
These are jotted down as instances which occur to mind at the moment, 
and others could be given on reflection. If there, why not elsewhere ? 
Much certainly depends on a good start, but there are certain general 
princip'es of management which must have full attention, an 1 some of 
them at least may be gathered from a survey of the splendid quarters of 
trees at Southfields, and a passing discussion upon them with Mr. Morle. 
Nowhere, probably, could a more remarkable example of good culture be 
found, than they present. There are several acres altogether, the trained 
specimens being faultless examples of health, vigour, and symmetry. 
Though the types are entirely diverse, all kinds of trees having been 
prepared for different purposes, the general character is the same, all 
being well furnished with firm ripe wood studded with fruit buds, 
and with ample healthy foliage, which, however, is now ripened 
and falling. 
The magnificent condition of the trees is certain to awaken interest 
and call forth a closer observation of the course of culture that is pursued. 
In one piece there are 1000 beautiful specimens admirably fitted for 
planting either in or out of doors with a view to immediate fruitfulness. 
Some are small, but with an excellent foundation on which to base 
future management. Others are 6 feet or more across and full of fruit¬ 
ing wood, suitable, therefore, for at once covering considerable space and 
giving fine crops Side by side with them is a quarter of Scakale, the 
variety being Lily White, and be it remarked in passing that, a very fine 
crop of forcing roots of this excellent variety was being lifted for the 
autumn and winter sales. From the land they have been occupying 
Peaches and Nectarines were lifted, and after trenching the ground 
2 feet deep the Seakale was planted. Now the ground will again be 
occupied by Peaches, and in this process of change we get the key to 
the splendid condition of the trees. Frequent transplantation is one of 
the great secrets of their fine condition. It is evident in the clustering 
masses of fibrous roots attached to trees now being lifted for planting 
under glass, in the firm clean growth, and in the bold buds which stud 
the young shoots trained in for fruiting. The’ one is a natural conse¬ 
quence of the other. Long deep-striking prongy roots which draw up 
copious supplies of crude sap from the subsoil would have their counter¬ 
part in long coarse sappy branches, but they are kept severely in check, 
and the mass of feeding fibres that are produced as a result of shortening 
the prongs and frequent transplantation foster a stout, short-jointed, and 
film basis of growth above the sod such as speedily develops a fruitful 
character if kept free from insects and exposed to the ripening influences 
of sun and air. 
The rule of transplantation in which Messrs. Veitch & Sons so firmly 
believe, and of which they are able to show such wonderful results, is 
universal, and knows no failure. When a quarter becomes thinned by 
the removal of a number of trees to supply orders the remainder are 
re-arranged on a fresh piece, for the lifting benefits them, and by the 
closing up of gaps valuable rand is economised. The holes made where 
