November 10, 1892. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
429 
grown Hjacinths and other bulbous plants to our satisfaction without 
plunging the pots, but have also found that burying them till roots form 
and crowns start the more easy and reliable method. As a covering 
medium we prefer cocoa-nut fibre refuse, which is clean, cheap, and 
useful in all gardens. We have also found sweet ashes satisfactory, and 
ashes not sweet the reverse. Comparative fresh leaves containing 
slugs did not answer because the molluscs nibbled the tender growth 
from the bulbs, but partially decayed leaves free from slugs were quite 
satisfactory. Damp plunging and covering material keeps the soil 
uniformly moist without watering, and therefore in the best condition 
for inciting free root action, and consequently bold healthy crowns. 
Bedding Calceolarias (J . W., No. 2 ).—-If the growths of your 
yellow Calceolarias are quite uninjured by frost we should choose the 
shortest jointed for cuttings and insert them at once. They require no 
heat. They will root slowly but surely in sandy soil under a handlight 
or in a close cold frame, covered to exclude severe frost. Strong sappy 
young shoots are not suitable, but only those which are sturdy and firm. 
They may be about 3 inches long, the lower pair of leaves removed, and 
some of those retained half shortened, thus reducing the evaporating 
surface, though if they can be kept fresh without shortening the cuttings 
will root just as well, if not sooner. Spring-struck cuttings do not, as a 
rule, make robust plants. Old plants taken up, potted and well watered 
may be wintered in a protected frame for affording cuttings if needed, or 
giving a bright display of flowers early in the year. 
Polnsettla Leaves Falling (A. S. T .').—You should have 
described the treatment to which the plants that have unfortunately 
“lost all their leaves” were subjected. Defoliation is caused by neglect 
or errors in watering, or a too low temperature. When the roots cease 
moving through cold, or any other cause, the leaves commence falling, 
and we have very little doubt that most of the roots of your plants are 
dead. We have known them destroyed by too strong applications of 
manure. It should be remembered that Poinsettias are tropical plants, 
and must have stove heat in winter, though most of the leaves of well- 
grown plants are retained in warm conservatories, not cold greenhouses. 
You are too reticent in the statement of your case to enable us to 
indicate the precise reason of the plants being in their present 
condition, though we may have put you on the track for tracing the 
source of the evil. 
The Heaviest Bunch of Grapes (.7. W. Penshore). —The heaviest 
bunch of Grapes that we have seen weighed was an unthinned cluster 
of Calabrian Raisin at the Royal Caledonian Society’s Show at Edinburgh 
in 1875. It was grown by Mr. J. Curror, Eskbank, and turned the scale 
at 26 lbs. 4 ozs. That, so far as we know, is the greatest authenticated 
bunch on record. The late Mr. James Dickson of Arkleton had a much 
larger bunch at the same Show, but it only weighed 25 lbs. 15 ozs. The 
berries had been thinned, and were very fine. This bunch was 2 feet 
3 inches in width across the shoulders, and the same in length, and the 
circumference, following the contour of the shoulder to the base of each, 
was 8 feet. Had the whole of the berries been left on, the cluster would 
have been decidedly heavier. The largest bunch of black Grapes known 
to us was a splendid example of Gros Guillaume (often miscalled Barba- 
rossa) grown by the late Mr. Roberts at Charleville, the weight being 
23 lbs. 5 ozs. The three bunches mentioned are illustrated in Mr. 
Barron’s work on the Vine. You Bhould procure it. 
Soil for Aucubas (7*. 2?.). —In the environs of Bradford, York¬ 
shire, we found Aucubas did not succeed in heavy soil, but when that 
was made open by an admixture of ashes and road scrapings they did 
well. They, however, do best in naturally friable loam well drained. 
If grown in pots or in a specially prepared soil, the compost should 
consist of turfy, rather sandy, yellow loam, with plenty of drainage 
to carry off superfluous water. It would be a capital plan to sponge 
the full grown leaves with soapy water, say 2 ozs. of softsoap to a 
gallon of water, which, by freeing them of the sooty deposits, would 
render the foliage much more attractive and the plants more healthy, 
but it could only be practised on the score of expense on a small 
scale. We have found it an excellent practice to syringe evergreen 
town shrubs with water in the evenings of hot days, as it keeps 
the foliage free from dust and sooty deposits. It also enables the 
leaves to attain greater development, but it is during foggy weather 
in autumn and winter that the soot accumulates fastest and thickest, 
when syringing would do more harm than good. There is no objection 
to the sponging. It is solely a question of expense, and as we have 
seen it carried out, we can vouch for its excellency to the plants 
and the brightness it imparts to them. The best way is to syringe the 
plants with a tepid (90°) soapy solution (2 ozs. softsoap to a gallon of 
water), and let this act on the sooty deposits for a short time, but whilst 
still damp sponge the leaves, and then the work is done in about 
half the time and very much better. 
Names of Fruits. — Notice. —Special attention is directed to the 
following decision, the object of which is to discourage the growth of 
inferior and promote the culture of superior varieties. In consequence 
of the large number of worthless Apples and Pears sent to this office to 
be named , it has been decided to name only specimens and varieties of 
approved merit, and to reject the inferior , which are not worth sending 
or growing . The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not 
necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six 
specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (Y. Stephens'). —1, Goldea Spire ; 2, Lane’s Prince 
Albert; 3, Golden Knob ; 4, Comte de Flandres. (/<!. McKellar ).— 
The Pear is Thompson’s, and the Apple Carlisle Codlin. ( Thornheys ).— 
2, Striped Beefmg; 4, Tower of Glamis ; 5, Northern Greening ; 6, 
Napoleon. (Y. 27.).—1, Catshead ; 2, Striped Beefing ; 3, Scarlet 
Tearmain. (J. E. K.). —B, General Todleben; C, not known, not 
specially good ; D, Northern Greening ; F, Royal Russet. The Pear is 
Uvedale’s St. Germain. ( Herbert ).—1, Beurr6 Superfin ; 3, Passe 
Colmar; 4, Josephine de Malines; 5, Winter Nelis ; 6, Perhaps Easter 
Beurre. (£r. A.). —1, Round Winter Nonesuch ; 2, King of the Pippins; 
3, Hawthornden ; 4, Catshead ; 5, Greenup’s Pippin ; 6, Yorkshire 
Greening. Some of these Apples are not characteristic specimens, and 
the names are, therefore, only approximate. (Y. J. Gray). —1, Fondante 
d’Automne; 2, Swan’s Egg; 3, Beurrd Lefkvre; 4, Beurr<5 Diel ; 
5, Wyken Pippin ; 6, Rosemary Russet. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(</. >/.).—Berberis vulgaris. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— November 9th. 
Market quiet, with supplies more than equal to demand. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
4 
0 
3 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Apples, half sieve .. .. 
1 
0 to 3 
6 
Oranges, per 100 
• • 
Cobbs, Kent, per 100 lbs. 
0 
0 
100 
0 
Peaches, per dozen .. 
• . 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
6 
2 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
Lemons, case . 
15 
0 
35 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
0 
6 
to 0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
l 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch .. 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
. • 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
• . 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
• • 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Seakale, per basket .. 
• • 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. .. 
• • 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES— OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety, 
s. d. s. d. 
0 to 6 0 
6 0 9 
3 0 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
blooms .16 40 
Chrysanthemums, dozen 
bunches .. .. .. .. 6 
Eucharis, dozen.3 
Fuchsias, per bunch .. .. 0 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 2 
Geraniums, scarlet, 12 bchs. 6 
Lilac, white, French, per 
bunch . 
Lilium longiflorum 12 
blooms . 9 
Lilium (var.) doz. blooms 3 
Maidenhair Fern, doz. bchs. 4 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 2 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 3 
4 6 
krbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
Begonia, per dozen .. 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
„ large plants, each 
Cupressus, large plants,each 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 18 
„ viridis, dozen .. 9 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 6 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 4 
('small') ner hundred 6 
12 0 
6 0 
1 0 
4 0 
8 0 
6 0 
12 0 
5 0 
6 0 
4 0 
6 0 
PLANTS 
d. s. d. 
0 to 12 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
12 0 
9 0 
3 0 
5 0 
42 0 
24 0 
18 0 
24 0 
18 0 
8 0 
Mimosa, French, per bunch 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
bunches. 
Primula (double) 12 sprays 
Pyrethrum doz. bunches .. 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
„ Red, per doz. blooms.. 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. 
Violets, Parme, French, per 
bunch . 
Violets, Czar, French, per 
bunch . 
Violets, Victoria, French, 
dozen bunches .. .. 
IN POTS. 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
Lycopodiums, per dozen 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
Mignonette, per dozen 
Myrtles, dozen .. ,. 
Palms, in var.. each .. 
„ (specimens) .. 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Solanums, per dozen .. .. 
s. 
0 
0 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
3 
0 
3 
0 
0 
s. 
1 
3 
8 
6 
0 
3 
0 
1 
1 
2 
0 
s. 
1 
2 
6 
3 
6 
6 
6 
1 
21 
6 
9 
d. s. d. 
0 to 9 0 
0 0 0 
0 6 0 
d. s. d. 
2 to 0 0 
3 0 5 
0 3 0 
0 0 0 
0 5 0 
0 16 
6 0 0 
0 0 0 
3 0 0 
0 3 6 
2 0 6 
3 0 4 
d. s. d. 
0 to 1 6 
0 12 0 
0 12 0 
0 9 0 
6 0 9 
0 6 0 
9 2 0 
0 2 0 
0 2 0 
0 4 0 
4 0 9 
6 5 0 
6 3 0 
0 3 0 
d. s. d. 
6 to 10 6 
0 10 0 
0 9 0 
0 4 0 
0 12 0 
0 12 0 
0 9 0 
0 15 0 
0 63 0 
0 3 0 
0 12 0 
LANDLORD AND TENANT. 
What are the duties of landlords and tenant farmers, and 
how they are generally understood and applied, is a question of 
