January 3,1895. 
JOURNAL OF HORTIGULTVRE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
21 
thoroughly successful, the pollen of one tree, even of the same variety, 
being more potent on another than of its own blossoms. This is a 
tedious process, but we know of nothing better. Bees in passing from 
one tree to another cross-fertilise the flowers and secure a good set of 
fruit as a rule. 
Repottlngr Marantas (^Beginner'). —If the plants require attention 
in the way you suggest, it should be done during the present month, so 
that they will have a chance of establishing themselves again before the 
sun has much power. If they are left till about the middle or end of 
the following month the sun often proves too strong for them, and they 
flag severely. These plants will do in the same pots for years provided 
the drainage is good and the soil about their roots in a sweet condition ; 
but the liberal supplies of water needed during the growing season soon 
renders the soil unfit for them. They unquestionably thrive best when 
they are repotted annually. When turned out of their pots and the 
drainage removed the old soil should be worked from amongst the roots 
by washing it out in a tank of tepid water. This necessitates the plants 
being allowed to drain for some hours before they can be repotted. 
Many of the varieties do well in a compost of fibry loam, one-seventh 
of manure, charcoal broken according to the size of the plants and pots, 
with an addition of coarse sand. Others do better in rough peat, the 
fibrous portion of loam only, and charcoal in lumps.^ After potting 
plunge the plants where a night temperature of 65° can be maintained, 
syringe them freely, but water with great care until the roots are active. 
The pots used should be liberally drained. 
manure for Tomatoes — Carbolic Acid and Eelworms 
(^Grower). —As the plants were clubbed at the roots last year, and 
Tomatoes have been grown in the same soil for four consecutive years, 
it would be the best plan to entirely remove it, and supply fresh in its 
place. Many Tomato growers find it pays to make an exchange of soil 
a good spit deep at less distant periods, and in your case it seems 
desirable in order to get rid of the eelworms. That, however, you may 
partly, if not wholly, effect by the use of carbolic acid, using about 
2 ozs. per square foot, that quantity being added to a pint of water, 
sprinkled on the soil, and when soaked in mix the soil thoroughly by 
stirring and turning to a depth of 18 inches, repeating the operation in 
about a fortnight. The soil, however, will not be fit to plant anything 
in for some time, and the plants set in it after six weeks have elapsed 
will not start freely. As a manure for application to the soil as it is 
you may use the following :—Superphosphate of lime, five parts or lbs.; 
kainit, three parts ; nitrate of soda, two parts; mix, and apply 10 ozs. 
per square yard. It may be mixed with the soil to a depth of 12 to 
15 inches ; it certainly will not add to the comfort of the eelworms, but 
the probability is that it may destroy them, while it will benefit the 
plants placed in the soil. 
Prunlngr Apples and Pears (Z). IF.).—The instructions to 
which you allude on the page cited are correct, but the trees referred to 
are those which in summer pruning had the growths cut back to five or 
eix leaves. The advice to “prune in July to two or three buds” was 
not given in the Journal of Horticulture, and in the case of most trees 
such pruning is too close, and may cause buds to start into growth in 
the autumn that ought not to do so till the spring. Your trees can need 
little pruning now, assuming that the subsequent growths resulting 
from the July pruning were pinched in due time. However, you may 
cut back the snags to dormant buds. As you wish to have fruitful trees 
regardless of shape you should have the main branches about 18 inches 
apart, pruning or thinning in summer to prevent overcrowding. Some 
of the most productive Apple and Pear trees with which we are 
acquainted were cut back twice after planting for securing sufficient 
main branches for bearing. These are 2 feet asunder and their 
extremities have never been shortened ; neither have the trees been 
summer pruned in the usual way of cutting back all the shoots, but 
a branch has been taken out here and there when it unduly obstructed 
the sun shining through the trees. When the sun can shine between 
the branches and reach the basal leaves of summer shoots, that is 
sufficient for inducing fruitfulness. The pruning of the trees in 
question is quickly done after the leaves fall, and the branches are 
studded with fruit spurs from base to extremity. With the main 
branches of fruit trees too close together, as many are, if not most, then 
summer pruning, judiciously carried out, is beneficial, as the trees would 
be mere thickets—a crowd of useless shoots and worthless leaves—and 
consequently the trees must be essentially fruitless in character. Keep 
the heads of the trees open in the summer, but do not cut the shoots 
back so closely in July. 
Names of Fruits. — Notice, —We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In conseguence of the large number of worthless Apples and, 
Pears sent to this office to be named, it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growing. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
sufficing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should be sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening. Dessert Pears cannot be 
named in a hard green state. (Jnguircr'). — 1 , Vicar of Winkfield ; 
2, Not known ; 3, Josephine de Malines ; 4, Beurrb d’Aremberg. {S. J!). 
—Baronne de Mello. (fi*. Cl). —1, Winter Hawthornden ; 2, Alfriston ; 
3, Cox’s Orange Pippin. 
Names of Plants,—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. E.). — 1 and 6, Cupressus Lawsoniana ; 2, Thujopsis dolabrata ; 3, 
Cedrus atlantica ; 4, Picea cephalonica ; 5, Juniperus virginiana 
variegata. (^Florist .)—Cattleya Trianm delicata. (Z). P.) — 1 , Salvia 
Heeri ; 2 , Linum trigynum; 3, Justicia flavicoma. (Amateur.) — 
Gesnera cinnabarina. (Fern Lover.) — 1 , Pteris tremula ; 2 , Cyrtomium 
falcatum ; 3, Adiantum tenellum ; 4, Asplenium flaccidum. 
OOVBNT GARDEN MARKET.— JAiruAKY 2 nd, 
No change; trade dull. 
FRUIT 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
Apples, per halt sieve 
1 
6 
to 4 
6 
Lemons, case .10 
0 to 15 
0 
„ Nova Scotia, per 
Peaches, per doz.0 
0 
0 
0 
barrel. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Plums, halt sieve .. .. 0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 2 
0 
6 
0 
Gobi, per 100 lbs. 
21 
0 
23 
0 
Strawberries per lb.0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb, .. 
1 
0 
to 0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 
2 to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel.3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen.1 
0 
0 
6 
Oelery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per owt.2 
0 
4 
0 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle.1 
0 
1 
5 
Oucumbers, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
S 
0 
Seakaie, per basket .. ,. 1 
3 
1 
9 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. •• 1 
6 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb.0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel.1 
6 
3 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes.per lb.0 
2 
0 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch.0 
3 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
PRICES.- 
-CUT FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
6 
0 
to 8 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen blooms .. 4 
0 to 6 
0 
Azalea, dozen sprays .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 2 
0 
4 
0 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 0 
6 
1 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch ., .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 0 
6 
2 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. ., 2 
0 
3 
0 
Chrysanthemums,doz.bohs. 
4 
0 
12 
0 
„ Safrano (Bnglish),doz. 1 
3 
2 
0 
„ doz. blooms 
1 
0 
4 
0 
., MarSchal Niel, doz... 3 
0 
6 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ (French), yellow, doz. 
Gardenias, per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
blooms.1 
6 
2 
0 
Geraninm, scarlet, doz. 
„ (French), Red, dozen 
bunches. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
blooms .2 
0 
2 
6 
Lilac (French) per bunch 
5 
0 
6 
0 
Smilax, per bunch .. .. 4 
0 
6 
0 
Lilinm longifldrum, per 
Stephanotis, dozen sprays 4 
0 
6 
0 
dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms.. .. 0 
4 
0 
b 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Violets (English), dozen 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches.1 
6 
2 
6 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Violets (French), Parme, 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
per bunch .5 
0 
6 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
1 
6 
12 
0 
Violets (French), Czar, per 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
bunch .2 
0 
3 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Violets (French), Victoria, 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
dozen bunches. 2 
0 
2 
6 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
a. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Arbor VitEe (golden) dozen 
6 
Oto 12 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 4 
0 to 18 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen .. 
18 
0 
36 
0 
(small) per hundred 4 
0 
6 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen ant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 1 
0 
7 
0 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 2 
0 
10 
0 
,. large, per doz. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 3 
0 
4 
0 
Cyclamen, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracsena, various, dozen .. 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Myrtles, dozen.6 
0 
9 
0 
Dracasna viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var., each ., .. 1 
0 
15 
0 
Erica, various, per dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) ., ..21 
0 
63 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsettia, per dozen ., 10 
0 
15 
0 
Evergreens, in var., per 
Primulas, per dozen .. .. 4 
0 
6 
0 
dozen . 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Solanums, per dozen .. .. 10 
0 
12 
0 
SAFE FARMING. 
Is thei'e such a thing now as safe farming ? Safety from 
heavy losses, any degree of certainty of a profit, of such a 
return on capital invested in it as to render it still a desirable 
