38 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
Janu .ry 10, 1895. 
that they came from the same stock as the other delicious specimens 
plucked from trees that hare been manured for several years. Herein 
lies the difference. 
It is a crying need of the time that orchardists should get out of the 
old ruts and educate the public up to the use of better fruits. In this 
way the consumption will increase. We can only do this by abandoning 
the old idea that Apple, Pear and other orchard trees will take care of 
themselves. They need cultivation and close attention just as truly as 
do the vegetables, grains or other farm products. Fruit-growing requires 
as much scientific study as grain-growing or cattle-breeding, and tbe 
sooner this is generally recognised the better it will be for this industry. 
—S. W. Chambees (in “ American Cultivator.”) 
LIVERPOOL NOTES. 
The Coreidoe at Cleveley—A Pleasing Combination. 
In noting the Chrysanthemums some time ago I mentioned that 
they were arranged in the corridor—about 700 plants, admirably grown by 
Mr. Cromwell. A beautiful combination was presented by mixing Salvia 
splendens and the charming single white Chrysanthemum Miss Mary 
Anderson. The Salvias are propagated early in the season, afterwards 
receiving treatment almost identical with the Chrysanthemums. This 
useful old winter-flowering plant, with its glowing scarlet spikes, as 
seen growing at Cleveley, asserts its decorative value in a way which 
cannot be mistaken. 
Cyclamens and Gesneeas at Aigburth Nursery. 
However much I felt inclined to speak in glowing terms of the 
successful way in which Cyclamens are cultivated by R. P. Ker and 
Sons, I should still fail to describe their full beauty as autumn and 
winter-flowering plants. Houses and frames are similarly occupied 
with plants sturdy in foliage and strong in spike, until many thousands 
are reached, in pots from 4-inch to 7-inch, all denoting the fine strain 
which visitors are wont to see at our leading shows. Already there are 
numerous scented varieties being carefully looked after, the odour 
being almost similar to the Daphne indica. I cannot pretend to deal 
with Cyclamen culture here, but the seed is sown in pans in August, 
using a light soil. When the seedlings are ready to handle they are 
transferred to thumb pots, the soil containing a fair amount of sand. 
A little warmth with careful watering constitutes the treatment 
through the winter, early spring seeing them shifted into pots of various 
sizes. At the present there are many thousands of healthy vigorous 
plants in small pots, but nothing in the nature of coddling is resorted to. 
Gesneras were in fine condition. Good culture had been the rule, 
consequently the velvety leaves—some self-coloured, others beautifully 
marked—showed the spikes of flower to advantage. Could they be 
seen oftener m such condition, with every leaf perfect, they might yet 
be held in higher estimation by many plant lovers. A variety almost 
lost to cultivation was very pretty—G. chromatella, with elegant spikes, 
the flowers being rich yellow in colour, which told to great advantage 
against the scarlet-orange shades of other varieties.—R. P. R. 
H^THERLEE HOUSE, 
The Monmouthshire seat of W. S. Ogden, Esq., is situated about two 
miles east of the town of Newport. The mansion, a spacious and 
substantial building, with a noble appearance, commands fine scenery as 
far as the eye can perceive towards the Bristol Channel. 
In viewing the flower garden we notice at a distance some fine 
Wellingtonias, Cedars, Conifers of kinds, also fine specimens of shrubs, 
which form an effective foil to the flowers when in beauty. From the 
carriage entrance to the mansion a flight of steps leads down to a most 
artistic pleasure garden, kept in the best style. Very pleasing are the 
rockeries well filled with suitable plants in great variety, and on the 
grass are flowerbeds mingled with specimen Conifers and choice shrubs, 
which appear to receive great'attention. 
The conservatory, west of the mansion, is furnished with a good 
collection of plants and Ferns, with a few baskets of Orchids in suitable 
places along the centre of the house, and on each side are tasteful 
rockeries, well furuished with Ferns. From this we pass to another 
large flower garden containing large beds and herbaceous borders, 
surrounded with shrubbery borders and specimen trees. 
Another handsome flight of steps leads to the range of glass, orna¬ 
mental vases here and there with beautiful flower borders form a 
beautiful frontage to this magnificent range of glass. The Peach house 
is 80 feet long, 1.5 wide, and 18 high, the trellis commencing about 
2 feet from the front, curves to about the centre of the roof. The house, 
being a three-quarter span, is covered with healthy trees and produces 
excellent crops of fruit. Along the centre of this house is a bed planted 
with Camellias, which are full of buds, set among dark green foliage, 
and on the side stages are Primulas admirably grown in 5-inch pots. 
The fernery, which is well stocked, contains some huge plants of 
Adiantum farleyense and A. cuneatum, the sides being covered with 
cork and rockwork. The stove comprises a grand collection of Palms, 
Ericas, Crotons, Ferns, and flowering plants. A large number of Orchids 
of various kinds also show that they receive good cultural attention. 
The vinery is a long lean-to, planted with Black Hamburghs, Black 
Alicante, Gros Colman, and Muscat of Alexandria, the crops and quality 
of fruit reaching a high standard of excellence, and the wood beautifully 
ripened for similarly fine fruit another year. There is a very large 
intermediate house, which at the time of my visit contained a grand 
collection of Chrysanthemums. 
The kitchen garden is well stocked with vegetables and fruit trees, 
the espaliers around the walks and the wall trees all affording evidence 
of cultural skill. Mr. Ogden evidently takes the greatest interest in his 
magnificent garden ; and, as in the past we shall hope in the future, to 
have the privilege to see its produce win honours at our shows. Mr. 
Ogden is to he congratulated in securing in the open class at Maindee 
Chrysanthemum show first prizes for trained and for untrained plants 
against such strong competitors as Mr. Steadman and Mr. Giddings. 
The Primulas from Hetherlee, which took first and second honours, were 
grand plants in 5-inch pots, and one mass of bloom. Mr. Prosser, who 
has had charge of these gardens for the last four years, is a man of 
unquestionable ability, and he made the quick march round very 
pleasant to— Exhibitor, 
» WOK^Foi(THEWEEK.f 
1 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Pruning and manuring Raspberries. —All the pruning which 
should be necessary now to Raspberry quarters consists in thinning out 
the canes to not more than half a dozen to one stool, leaving the vigorous 
and stouter. Tie them securely to the central stake, or if grown in 
espalier rows trained to wood or wire dispose them equally over the 
trellis. The tips may then be taken off to the height of the stakes or 
trellis, the wood in strong plants being usually ripe and hard to that 
height, 4 to 5 feet in most cases. Some prefer to have the plants fruiting 
from the base upwards. In that case the canes must be shortened at 
various lengths. Cut off the superfluous wood just above a bud and in 
a short slanting direction, so that the cut is scarcely seen. Long con¬ 
spicuous cuts are unworkmanlike, and the pith left eventually dies back, 
leaving an unsightly snag. 
Raspberries are usually furnished with abundance of feeding fibres 
or rootlets near the surface. It is unwise to fork or dig among these ; 
therefore, pick out any strong weeds which may have established them¬ 
selves, and then spread a layer of rich manure over the soil. The 
central space between the rows when not occupied with roots should be 
lightly forked and some manure buried ; but if the rows are close this 
may not be possible without destroying the fibres. In favourable weather 
liquid manure can also be applied, which will furnish the soil with 
increased food for appropriation in the summer. 
Strawberry Beds. —On light open soils a good dressing of manure 
may be spread between the plants, first applying a dusting of soot round 
the crowns, which will help to destroy slugs as well as invigorate the 
growth when a move is made in the spring, a further stimulant then 
being applied in the form of nitrate of soda, 1 oz. to the square yard. 
On cold, heavy soil, if a mulching of manure was not given early in the 
ajutumn, it will be well to defer it until the end of February or later, 
but soot can be applied at any time. Young vigorous plants in rich 
soil will need no manure at present. When the surface soil is dry a 
Dutch hoe may be run lightly through it with beneficial results, not 
going too closely round the plants. 
ZVXanurlngr Fruit Trees. —Old fruit trees need the most assistance 
from manurial applications. Of chemical manures slow decomposing 
kinds are best applied in the autumn and winter. A mixture of bone- 
meal and kainit may be spread over the roots at the rate of 3 ozs. to the 
square yard, lightly pointing the surface first to admit of it being washed 
in equally. Good farmyard manure partly decomposed and laid under 
the spread of the branches 3 inches thick soon has its virtues washed 
into the soil. It also naturally attracts the roots to the surface. Fruit 
trees ought not to be too freely manured before they begin to bear, 
therefore young trees that are growing vigorously in good soil should 
not at present be further stimulated at the roots. For such trees a 
mulching in the summer suffices, this conserving the moisture in the 
surface soil and keeping the roots from descending too low. By these 
means the fibrous character of the roots is retained, fruit buds soon 
form and fruitfulness ensues, while at the same time adequate wood 
growth for extension is produced. When in full bearing condition the 
healih and fertility of the trees must be maintained by periodical 
surface dressings. 
Pruning- and ITalling IVIorello Cherries on Walls.— Trees 
grown in fan shape will have abundance of young wood ready for 
training in, whether the old bearing shoots of last year have been cat 
out or not. The latter should, therefore, if not already done, be 
dispensed with to make room for the younger shoots, training these in 
from the basal parts as far as possible so as to keep the trees well 
furnished. Nail or tie in the young shoots 2 to 4 inches apart, leaving 
them unshortened. Before training dress the trees with an insecticide 
and wash the walls. 
Renovating Orcbards. —Old orchards are frequently too crowded, 
the number of trees being in many cases far in excess of what should 
