March 7, 1835. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 
207 
_ KOSES AT CHiCAao.—Flower-raising about Chicago has 
reached enormous proportions. It is estimated that there are in and 
about that city 2,500,000 square feet of glass, and that most of it is 
devoted to the raising of Koses and Carnations. Fo wonder Roses are 
to be seen everywhere on the streets, and even offered from door to 
door. Florists are advised to direct their attention to a greater variety 
of plants, and it is suggested that as much is to be made by raising other 
kinds, and thus the market may be saved. 
- Deutzia pahsifloea. —This genus of slender-branched and 
graceful shrubs, on account of the hardihood, fine habit, luxuriant 
foliage, and attractive flowers, which are produced in profusion, is, 
says a writer in a transatlantic contemporary, deservedly the most 
popular of flowering shrubs. D. gracilis, in addition to its beauty and 
usefulness as a hardy shrub, is one of the most valuable plants for forcing, 
being potted and placed in a warm position about six weeks before the 
flowers are desired. D. parsiflora is a new small-leaved species, as its 
name implies. It is a fine novelty. The branches are straight, leaves 
lance-shaped and dark green. The shrub, which grows to the height of 
4 feet, is profusely covered with beautiful white flowers in June. The 
ease with which this shrub can be grown has led many enthusiastic 
horticulturists to secure each new addition as it appears.—J. W. A. 
- SeAkale.—P robably never at any time has the value of this 
most useful vegetable been more appreciated than now. I was much 
surprised to read the other day the advice of a gardener, which was to 
continue to plant and blanch on the old outdoor lines. It would be 
interesting to learn how far, even with heavy coatings of manure, forcing 
or even blanching proceeded during the late intensely severe weather. 
How different was the case of the gardener who, having raised several 
thousands of stout roots from root cuttings, had them all so laid in and 
protected that he could get access to them at any moment, and thus be 
having a few hundreds, furnishing an abundant supply of well blanched 
stout heads all through the winter. Seakale is just now to any gardener 
who sees his outdoor green crops devastated, invaluable. It helps 
to keep him going in a wonderful way. I anticipate as one result of 
the destruction seen everywhere, that gardeners will, more than ever, 
provide every year fora large stock of Seakale roots.—A. D. 
- Wakefield Paxton Society. — There was an unusually 
large attendance of the members of this Society at the last meeting. 
Mr. W. Tunnicliffe, The Poplars, Thornes, was in the chair, and Mr. 
J. G. Brown, of Outwood, filled the vice-chair. The lecturer was the 
Rev. L. S. Calvert, M.A., of Batley, and he gave a lengthy, interesting, 
and amusing description of an eight days’ climb over some of the Swiss 
mountains last year. The lecture was illustrated by a large number of 
very beautiful photographic slides belonging to Mr. Calvert, who gave a 
somewhat similar lecture to the Paxtonians last year. Between twenty 
and thirty of the slides were quite new, and were exhibited for the first 
time last Saturday night. The views were shown on the Society’s large 
screen, which is permanently fixed in their lecture room, by Mr. Harold 
Parkin, whose clever manipulation of the lantern and carefully focussing 
of the slides enabled the large audience to see the pictures to the beat 
advantage. Dr. Clark of the Yorkshire College said it had certainly 
been a great privilege to him to be present that evening, because in his 
opinion there was no sport comparable with mountain climbing. 
- Eahly Milan Tuknips.—T here is yet no other variety that 
comes in so quickly as this, unless it be the new Early White Milan 
offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons this year. It is not everyone who 
can devote glass protection to the earliest Turnip crop, but those who 
can will find them doubly valuable this season. Where this cannot 
be done a warm spot outdoors should be selected, the soil made light 
and rich to encourage a rapid growth being made, and seeds sown as 
soon as the frost haa left the soil, and the surface becomes sufficiently 
dry and warm. The earlier now they are sown in small quantity the 
better, considering how scarce these as well as other vegetables will be 
in early summer. Last year we were able to pull from outdoors on a 
south border by the time the frame-sown ones were gone, which was 
very early in May, the seeds being sown the first week in March. These 
may with some advantage be disposed between the rows of Peas, so 
that they derive shelter from these and the stakes used for their support. 
The latter should not be crowded too thickly together, or the Turnips 
instead of bulbing quickly will develop leaves and stalks at the expense 
of root, and thus valuable time and crop will be lost, or greatly retarded 
for want of air and sun. There is a general tendency to crowd it as 
much as possible in sheltered borders, these seldom being available 
beyond a limited extent, but it is more prudent to under rather than 
overstep the mark at this season. Successional sowing will be better 
on a cooler site, and the Early Milan, although the best early variety is 
not recommended for summer use.—W. S. 
- Teemandra Httgeli.—T his is a dwarf bushy plant, usually 
not more than 1 foot in height, with numerous narrow and pointed 
leaves not more than half an inch long, and covered with short hairs. 
The flowers are produced from the axils of the leaves near the point of 
each shoot. They are nodding, upwards of 1 inch across if fully spread 
out, and of a pale, but bright purple colour. The petals are four in 
number, obovate, and, on account of their opening to only about half the 
full extent, render the flower somewhat campanulate. According to 
a contemporary this plant does not appear to be very well known, 
although considerable numbers have during the last few years been 
grown in one at least of the large London nurseries. It is just now 
coming into bloom, and its bright flowers and neat compact habit make 
it one of the prettiest of small greenhouse plants. 
- Shirley and District Gardeners’ and Amateurs’ 
Improvement Association.— An extra meeting was held at the Parish 
Room, St. Deny’s, Southampton, kindly lent by the vicar, on Thursday 
last, Mr. B. Ladhams, F.R.H.S., presiding over a fair attendance of the 
members. Mr. J. Amys, The Gardens, Hamble Cliff, gave an interesting 
and instructive lecture on “ Rotations of Crops for Cottage Gardens and 
Allotments.” Mr. Amys said that a cottager obtained three advantages 
by close attention to his garden or allotment—health, pleasure, and 
profit. He gave a detailed account of the work necessary, and suitable 
crops for a cottager to grow, recommending in December a r^sumd of 
the year’s work with a view to noting failures and successes, which would 
be valuable experience to work upon the next year. An interesting 
discussion ensued on various points of culture, one being the desirability 
or otherwise of sowing Broad Beans and Peas in the autumn. A hearty 
vote of thanks was accorded to the lecturer. 
- Azalea linearifolia.—T his curious species differs from all 
other Azaleas in almost every character but that of floral structure. 
It forms a flat-headed bush 3 to 4 feet high, each branch being 
terminated by a tuft of narrow light green leaves, which are densely 
covered with hairs. The specific name is very appropriate, as the leaves, 
which vary from inch to 3 inches in length, are not more than 
one-eighth of an inch wide at the broadest part, and taper to a point. 
The flower is composed of five narrow petals, similar in shape to the 
leaves, each one being IJ inch long and of a light rosy purple. This 
Azalea, which is a native of Japan, will, says a contemporary, grow out 
of doors if planted in sandy peat and given a moist and sheltered 
position. In the cool greenhouse it grows well, and during February 
and March produces its flowers in abundance. Except for those, 
however, who like to have curious as well as beautiful plants in their 
greenhouses, it is scarcely showy enough to gain an entry there, but 
outside it makes an interesting and pretty bush, and is certainly worth 
cultivating. 
- Chestnut Weevils. —These insects injure the nuts of the 
Paragon and Numbo varieties of Chestnut as well as the wild Chestnuts, 
according to a writer in the Amerioari Cultivator. The weevil is of a 
yellowish colour, and about the size of a common Pea weevil. The grub 
is white or cream coloured. The female beetle lays her eggs when the 
trees are in blossom, and in a few days the young grubs hatch. The 
shell of the Chestnut forms and hardens around the insects, and after 
eating most of the meat up inside, the worm bores its way out and 
escapes. These holes in the Chestnuts are never made by worms enter¬ 
ing, but always by those that have escaped. One female beetle lays a 
great number of eggs in one season. The grubs after leaving the nuts 
go into the ground and produce winged beetles for the next summer. 
In seasons when they are scarce they have probably been killed by the 
severity of the previous winter. The Chestnuts should be gathered as 
early as possible, and stored in very tight bins or boxes where the worms 
cannot escape. Then fumigate them with carbon bisulphide. Eight 
ounces of this will do the work. After fumigating expose the nuts to 
the air and sunshine until they are thoroughly dried, and no harm will 
be done to them. It is quite essential that some such method should be 
adopted to destroy these creatures if Chestnut growing is going to prove 
profitable. 
-The Charles Collins Fund.—W e acknowledge with thanks 
23. 6d. each from Messrs. William Kilgour, George Picker, and “ R. J.” 
Any other friends who may desire to contribute should do so during 
the ensuing week, as the Fund is about being closed by the Committee. 
