March 14,1895. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
229 
seems, was too near the smoke of suburban London, and it has lost its 
distinctive character. But many of the trees planted at this time are 
now of considerable magnitude. The “ Pleasure Grounds and Gardens 
at Kew ” were in the occupation of the King of Hanover for sporting 
purposes at the time the Botanic Garden was given to the nation. The 
woods were filled with rough scrub for cover. In 1845 they were 
placed under the charge of Sir William Hooker, “ with the intention 
that they should be formed into a national arboretum." A plan for the 
purpose was prepared in 1846 by W. A. Nesfield. The main features 
were carried out at the time, and the general principle has been worked 
upon ever since. In 1850 the nursery was formed. In 1870 the new 
pinetum was commenced. 
- Gheat Quinqtjenxial Bulb Show at Haarlem.—T he 
fifth great quinquennial bulb show will be held by the Royal Bulb 
Society of Haarlem from March 22nd—26th. The competition is open 
for members of the Society only; but therefore will be the heavier, as 
most of the leading firms of the famous bulb district are among the 
exhibitors. The schedule of piizes consists of 132 entries—viz., twenty 
for Hyacinths, twenty-two for Tulips, twelve for Narcissi, the other 
being devoted to all kinds of miscellaneous bulbs and bouquets. Among 
the medals offered there are twenty-five gold ones, and some hundreds of 
silver-gilt, silver and bronze medals, and extra premiums. The judges 
are experienced bulb growers, chosen among those who will not exhibit, 
and in a number of entries the judging system by points will be 
adopted. The rules for this examination were given in the pro¬ 
gramme of the show, and are known therefore by intending exhibitors. 
The show is to be held in the large music hall with annexes of the 
“ Vereemging " Club at Haarlem, and will be opened on March 22ad, 
at 1 P M. Intending visitors from abroad will be heartily welcome, and 
may find this an exceptional occasion for comparing the various growers’ 
strains, aud for observing the advance of bulb-growing during the last 
five years. The classes for miscellaneous bulbs will specially prove of 
the highest interest and completeness. 
- Problems in Horticulture.—T here seems to be no end to 
the problems which confront workers in the higher branches of horti¬ 
culture. Some men of science in France have, according to the " Garden 
and Forest,” been making a study of plants grown from the seeds 
produced on gralted plants, and they seem to have demonstrated that 
the seedlings may partake of the character of the s^ock as well as of 
the scion—that is, a seedling from a graft may be, in a certain sense, a 
hybrid inheriting the qualities both of the plant which is used as a 
scion and the plant used as a stock. These experiments have been 
confined to herbaceous plants, and they show that, for example, when a 
Turnip is grafted on a stock of Garlic Mustard, plants from the seed 
showed a marked reversion to the wild type, and when this Garlic 
Mustard was grafted on Cabbage the seedlings showed a likeness to the 
Cabbage plant, and had a less marked smell of Garbc than the wild 
plant, combined with something of the odour of the Cabbage leaf. Of 
course, if thi. is true, it is not improbable that the same law holds 
throughout tbe vejietable kingdom, and when, for example, we cross 
two varieties of grafted Apples the seedlings may show not only the 
characteristic- of the parent plants, but of the scions on which they 
grow. In this way a hybrid Apple may have four parents, to each of 
which it is responsible for some of its characters, not to speak of the 
qualities it may have inherited from the numerous ancestors of each of 
these parents. 
-The National Association of Cider Makers.—A meeting 
of this Associaiiou was held at the Art Buildings, John Street, Adelphi, 
on March 6ih. Sir George Birdwood, K.C.I.E., C S I., M.D., occupied 
the chair, a moderate attendance of members and friends being 
present. Tue 3aairman in his opening remarks said the Association 
had been formed with the idea of assisting the industry of cider 
making, and tie could see no reason why it should not become the 
natioual beverage in England. A most interesting and exhaustive 
paper on “Cider Making” was read by C. W. Raddiffe Cooke, Esq., 
M.P., the Chan man of the Consultative Committee of the Society of 
which he is au indefatigable member. The essai ist dealt thoroughly 
with the whole process connected with the manufacture of cider and 
perry, from the planting of the orchard and the best varieties of 
Apples aud Pears to grow for the purpose, to the further processes 
until the liquor is finally put into the barrels or bottles. Several 
cider makers trom the counties of Hereford and Devon also spoke 
briefly on the subject, and Mr. Cooke, in reply, said it should be 
the object of English cider makers to produce cuter of such a quality 
of excellence that would drive American and other competitors out of 
the market. This he felt sure could be done, and it was the object of 
the Society to further the interests of this once popular industry so 
far 'as was possible, in order that it might again come to the front. 
A vote of thanks was unanimously given to Mr. Cooke for his instructive 
paper, and also to Sir George Birdwood for the able manner in which 
he had presided, after which the meeting was brought to a close. 
- The Kew Guild.—T he annual meeting, held at the Kew 
Garden Library, on February 28th, was a successful gathering. The 
chair was taken by the President, Mr. G. Nicholson. Mr. J. Aikman, 
the Hon. Secretary, read the Committee’s report and balance sheet, 
both of which were unanimously adopted. The oldest Kewite living, 
Mr. J. W. Thomson of Haywards Heath, has shown his appreciation of 
the Guild’s formation by investing a sum in New Zealand stock that 
will for all time provide the Guild with an annual payment of £5 5s. 
A hearty vote of thanks was accorded Mr. Thomson for his generosity. 
Letters from several prominent “ Old Kewites” were read by Mr. Wat¬ 
son, and both these and the meeting evidenced the enthusiasm that 
prevails and the kindly feeling that exists between those who are or 
have been connected with the establishment. The journal of the Kew 
Guild will be published as usual in May, and it is hoped that all 
members of the Guild will assist in completing the efficiency of the list 
of past Kewites by sending on the “ wanted ” addresses where such are 
known. 
-Flora op Mount Kinibalu.— In the “Kew Bulletin” for 
October 1892, page 249, it was announced that Drs. H. A. and G. D. 
Haviland had presented Kew with a valuable collection of dried plants, 
collected by themselves on Mount Kinibalu, North Borneo. As a 
matter of fact, however, it should be explained that, although the two 
cousins travelled together, it was Dr. G. D. Haviland alone who did the 
botanising. This fine collection has been worked out by Dr. 0. Stapf, 
Assistant for India at the Herbarium, together with all previously 
collected plants from the same region, published and unpublished, 
notably those collected upwards of forty years ago by Sir Hugh Low, 
and by Mr. F. W. Burbidge in 1877. The results appear as the second 
part of the fourth volume (Second Series, Botany) of the “ Transac- 
tions of the Linnean Society.” This is one of the most important and 
interesting contributions to geographical botany published during the 
past year, especially in relation to the migrations of plants. The total 
number of flowering plants enumerated is 360. which Dr. Stapf 
estimates may be one-fourth or one-fifth of the whole phanerogamic 
flora of the mountain, and nearly 60 per cent, of these, so far as at 
present known, are endemic. The relationship with the Australasian 
flora are especially interesting.—(“ Kew Bulletin.”) 
- Tinned Green Peas. — At the Edmonton Petty Sessions, 
Messrs. Kearley & Tong, Fore Street, Edmonton, were summoned for 
selling an article of food, a tin of green peas, which were coloured by the 
aid of copper, thereby rendering them injurious to health. The evidence 
showed that the article was purchased on January 10th, and an analysis 
proved it to contain 7-10th8 of a grain of copper, which was equal to 
2 75 grains of sulphate of copper. Dr. J. F. Sykes, Medical Officer for 
St. Pancras; Dr. Dupree and Dr. Luff, analysts to the Home OflSce, 
stated that sulphate of copper was a poison, which, if taken into the 
system in the quantities found in the peas would produce chronic 
poisoning. The copper was used to make the peas retain their greenness, 
and the effects would be most injurious, especially to weakly persons. 
For the defence, it was stated there were 16,000,000 tins of the peas 
imported annually, and yet no case had proved they had produced any 
injurious effects. The article was sold in the ordinary course of trade, 
and if it was poisonous, then the question was essentially a State 
one, and their imporiation should be stopped. Several cases were 
quoted to show that the Courts had held the article was not injurious, 
and in support of this Mr. Otto Hehner, Public Analyst for Nottingham¬ 
shire, was called, and said though there was more than the usual 
quantity of copper in the sample in question, hn did not think it would 
produce the ill effects suggested by the prosecution. After a hearing 
lasting over four hours the Bench inflicted a fiue of £1 auJ 20 guineas 
costs. Notice of appeal was given. 
- The Charles Collins’ Fund.—T he Committee of thu fund 
desires to tender its sincere thanks to all who have so kindly responded 
to the appeal ; also to intimate that the fund will be close ! on the 
20th inst. We are pleased to acknowledge £1 from Mr. Coombes, Ss. 
from “ Yorkshire Bite,” 58. from Mr. G. H. Hurry, and 10s. 6d. from 
Mr. R. Pinnington and two friends. Any further contributions should 
be sent to the Treasurer, Mr. G. Gordon, Endt*l.*.igh Priory, Park, Kew. 
We think the total sum now acknowledged is £63 2s. 6d. 
