April 4, 1893. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
303 
Raising Fruit Stocks from Cuttings (A'. J, B .).—We consider 
this an undesirable and unnecessary mode of propagation, as Crab stocks 
are easily raised from pips or seeds, and Paradise stocks are obtained in 
half the time and much better by layering than from cuttings, which do 
not root very freely without a heel. They will root in the open ground, 
but will do so more certainly under a hand-light. 
Weeds In a Iiawn (^JVorried Gardener ').—The weeds sent are not 
grown annually from seeds blown from adjacent land, but are perennials 
firmly established, and if they flower scatter their own seeds. The whole 
should be forked up when the ground and weather are favourable for the 
removal of every particle of rubbish, which must be burned. The site 
should then be drained if needed, the surface soil enriched with a com¬ 
post containing lime and wood ashes or a mixture of bonemeal and kainit 
made firm, rolled level, then scratched with a rake for forming a suitable 
tilth for a mixture of lawn seeds, which can be obtained in the right 
quantity and kinds on your describing the extent of the space to be 
sown and the nature of the soil to a seedsman or firm. By sowing in 
genial weather in April a full and close lawn may be had in six weeks. 
This is the cheapest and best way of forming lawns of a satisfactory 
character. 
Violets (17. J/.) .—It is quite true that Violets like pure air and 
an open position in order that they may produce stout foliage, not large 
thin-textured leaves to fall a prey to their natural enemy, red spider. 
They are not good town plants, and do not usually succeed near hot 
sunny walls in the country. If you have sound loam and an open 
position, not dry gravelly soil, you might try what can be done in your 
locality. With good cultural attention we do not see that you should 
fail. If you cannot grow the plants outdoors in the summer, you cannot 
have the coveted blooms from frames in winter, unless, indeed, you 
purchase fine plants in September which have been grown outdoors by 
someone else, and this for your purpose might not answer. They cannot 
have too open a site, but the soil must not be dry, and the present 
month is a good time for planting. See notes by Mr. E. Molyneux 
(on page 289), who grows Violets abundantly with the greatest ease. He 
transfers the plants to frames in September. If you have fair success 
in the first attempt you may expect better results a second season, as 
there is always something to learn from experience. 
Felargronlums from Eyes (^Yorkshire Bite ).—Undoubtedly these 
plants can be raised from eyes. Take the cuttings from the plant, cut 
transversely below the lowest leaf, and then, placing the knife about half 
an inch above the eye, cut the stalk in a sloping direction towards the 
base of the shoot. The large leaves only are available for forming leaf 
cuttings. The extremities of the shoots should be inserted, like ordinary 
cuttings, with one joint in the soil, and the growing point above. The 
cuttings being made as described, drain the cutting pots effectually, and 
fill them to within half an inch of the rim with sandy loam, leaf mould, 
and silver sand in equal parts. A little silver sand is then placed in the 
pot, a quarter of an inch or so, and the cuttings inserted about half an 
inch deep, each leaf being tied to a small stick, with matting round the 
footstalk, to maintain it in an erect position. A slight watering is then 
given, and the pots plunged in a bottom heat of 75°, a top heat of 60° or 
70° being afforded. The frame having a moist atmosphere, there is little 
necessity to water ; none should be given so long as the soil remains 
moist, and the less water needed the better, as the great evil is the 
liability of the footstalk of the leaf to decay, and the consequent de¬ 
struction of the eye before a callus is formed. Shade is given for a few 
days, until the leaves are able to bear the sun ; and in this position they 
remain until the shoot from the eye appears, when they are gradually 
hardened, and finally potted singly in small pots. 
Cucumber Plants and Eelworm — Corrosive Sublimate 
(71 W.) —1, Corrosive sublimate solution is so dangerous a poison that 
we only recommend it as a drastic measure, but there are few substances 
that will destroy eelworm without prejudicing the well doing of the 
plants. We have given much attention to the subject, and find that 
though corrosive sublimate destroys the pests, being a thorough soil 
disinfectant, it has not the beneficial effect of gas liquor, soluble 
phenyle, sulphate of iron, and kainit. These act as manures as well 
as destroy eelworm, hence their use is preferable to such as have a more 
or less ultimate injurious effect upon the soil, and are dangerous to 
animal life, though we are bound at times to have recourse to such drastic 
measures, as special cases must have particular treatment. 2, As you 
have used corrosive sublimate solution, 1 oz. to 15 gallons of water, for 
Tomatoes without any deleterious effects, you may now treat the plants 
as you propose, giving them an ordinary watering with the solution 
whilst the soil is moderately moist, and in suflicient quantity to reach 
uniformly down to the drainage. For Cucumbers the solution should 
only be used at half strength (1 oz. to 30 gallons of water), as the roots 
are more tender than those of Tomatoes, indeed Tomatoes will stand 
a maximum dose. 3, Beyond the objection to the poisonous nature of 
corrosive sublimate, there is little to anticipate in the way of harm, 
as such an infinitesimal dose is not likely to enter into the composition of 
the fruit to an unsafe extent, but its negligent or excessive use may be 
attended with serious consequences both in the plant and soil. But the 
watering will soon wash any small quantities (such as those advised) 
away or beyond the reach of plants, and only extravagant use is likely 
to poison the soil. 4, Corrosive sublimate solution in the proportions 
we have advised wdll not nullify the beneficent action of gas liquor or 
soluble phenyle, as there are no bases in either with which the mercury 
is likely to combine. We particularly ask you to be very careful with 
the coriosive sublimate, using no more, and that under strict super¬ 
vision, than is absolutely necessary for effecting the object in view. 
E'ames of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seeds and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(A. 11 .).—The flowers sent are all varieties of Dendrobium nobile, of 
which there are dozens of unnamed forms, and yours are included 
amongst those. (J. 77.).—The specimen is a Ccelogyne, but it is obviously 
impossible for us to give the specific name. Send a bloom when you 
have one. (ff. F.). —1, Dendrobium fimbriatum oculatum; 2, D. 
primulinum. 
OOVENT DARDEN MARKET.— April 3rd. 
TbAde and prices remain substantially the same as before. 
FRUIT. 
Apples, per half sieve 
„ Nova Scotia, 
barrel.. .. 
Gobs per 100 lbs. 
per 
I. 
1 
10 
20 
B. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 1 
Beet, Red, doaen.1 
Carrots, bunch.0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 3 
Oelery, bundle .1 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 2 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 2 
Endive, dozen .1 
Herbs, bunch .0 
Leeks, bunch .0 
Lettuce, dozen.0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE PI 
8 . 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 2 
Azalea, dozen sprays .. ., 0 
Asparagus Fern, per bunoh 2 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 2 
Daffodils, (dbl.),doz. bch.s. 3 
„ (single), doz. bchj. 4 
Bucharis, dozen.4 
Gardenias, dozen .. .. 4 
Geranium, scarlet, oz. 
bunches.6 
Lilac (French) per bunch 5 
Lilium longiflorum, dozen 4 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 1 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches.4 
Orchids, dozen blooms .. 1 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 6 
Primula (double), dozen 
sprays . 0 
Arbor Vitas (golden) dozen 
Aspidistra, dozen .. .. 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
Azaleas, each . 
Cinerarias, per doz. 
Cyclamen, dozen .. .. 
Dracaena, various, dozen .. 12 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 9 
Erica, various, dozen .. 9 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 6 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 
ITArTic 111 vnHptlV. Hrt7Pn 4 
d. 
b. 
d. 
6 
to 4 
6 
0 
21 
0 
0 
21 
0 
VEOET 
d. 
8. 
d. 
6 
to 2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
1 
3 
0 
4 
0 
0 
5 
0 
3 
1 
6 
3 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
9 
1 
0 
9 
1 
0 
.ICES.- 
ca'' 
d. 
8. 
d. 
6 
to 3 
0 
6 
1 
0 
0 
3 
0 
6 
1 
0 
0 
3 
0 
6 
6 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
8 
n 
0 
6 
0 
u 
6 
0 
C 
3 
0 
0 
6 
0 
6 
12 
0 
U 
9 
0 
6 
1 
0 
PLANTS 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0 to 12 
0 
0 
36 
0 
0 
10 
6 
6 
4 
0 
0 
12 
0 
0 
12 
0 
0 
30 
0 
0 
18 
0 
0 
18 
0 
0 
18 
0 
0 
24 
0 
0 
IS 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
Lemons, case 
St. Michael Pines, each 
Strawberries, per lb. ., 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
Onions, bushel. 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
Parsnips, dozen. 
Potatoes, per owt. 
Salsafy, bundle. 
Seakale, per basket .. .. 
Soorzonera, bundle .. .. 
Shallots, per lb. 
Spinach, bushel. 
Tomatoes.per lb. 
Turnips, bunch. 
3. d. 8. d. 
1 6 to 3 6 
10 0 15 0 
2 0 6 0 
4 0 10 0 
8. d. 8 . CL. 
0 2 to 0 0 
3 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
o 
3 
0 
2 
3 
4 
3 
0 
4 
1 
2 
O V, 
n 0 
0 0 
0 6 
0 4 
FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
d. 8 . d. 
6 to 1 0 
6 2 6 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 0 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 1 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 2 
„ Safrano (English), 
dozen. 2 
„ (French), yellow, doz. 
blooms.1 
„ (French), Red, dozen 
blooms .2 
Smilax, per bunch 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
Violets (English), dozen 
bunches. 
Violets (French), Parme, 
per bunch . 
Violets (French), Czar, per 
bunch . .. 
Violets (French), Victoria, 
dozen bunches. 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
4 
6 
0 
0 
6 
Ferns (small) per hundred 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Genistas, per dozen .. .. 
Hyacinths, dozen .. .. 
Lycopodiums, dozen .. .. 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
Myrtles, dozen.6 
Palms, in var., each ., .. 1 
„ (specimens) .. .,21 
Primulas, dozen.4 
d. a. d. 
0 to 6 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
n 
0 
T 0 
10 0 
12 0 
12 0 
4 U 
12 0 
9 0 
15 0 
63 0 
6 0 
STRUGGLING FARMERS. 
Burdens on the land are in no instance so unjust, so 
oppressive as preferential railway rates. They are an anomaly 
so unfair, so absolutely dishonest, so opposed to fa'r dealing, 
and the common sense of right and justice, that prominence 
should be given to every fresh instance of them. In his 
remarkable lecture at Glasgow, to which we called attention 
last week, Mr. Allan C. Young mentioned the fact of hay now 
being brought from Africa to London as cheaply as within a 
radius of thirty miles of the metropolis. This is part of the 
foreign hay trade to which the great drought of 1893 gave such 
an impetus. Bales of Timothy hay from Canada were already 
