Maj 2, 1895. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 
395 
in 4-inch pots, then transfer to a cool frame, syringing frequently on 
bright days, repotting as necessary ; placing them in a cool house in 
October for the winter, keeping the frost away, when they will begin to 
bloom, and should keep on till the end of March. This is Mr. Mow¬ 
bray’s practice in a nutshell, and if you grow the plants as well as he 
does you will be satisfied. 
Cyclamens Falling: (^Silva ).—You say your plants “were obtained 
from Mr. Cannell, and were dried after flowering last summer and put 
into heat this spring, yet have produced very little foliage and no 
blooms.’’ If we are to understand that the corms were totally dried and 
remained so for three or four months we should say the life was all but 
dried out of them. We have seen plants after flowering with the pots 
plunged over their rims in cocoa-nut fibre refuse in the open at Swanley, 
and after taking a natural rest (not dried artificially), push clusters of 
robust leaves through the fibre in the course of a few weeks. If such 
plants have some of the loose soil removed from the roots when thus 
starting into growth, and fresh given, and have proper cultural attention 
in a cool frame till the autumn, continuing it afterwards in a heated 
pit or greenhouse having a temperature of 45° to 55°, they make fine 
flowering specimens, if the corms were not too old to begin with. 
Cyclamens enjoy a rather moist genial atmosphere, and neither succeed 
under very dry surroundings, nor in a very cold greenhouse in the 
winter. Possibly you may not have the most suitable structures for 
growing these plants, and those you have will never recover on a dry 
shelf in an airy conservatory. They would be much more likely to 
do so if planted out in free soil in a partially shaded position in the 
garden. They might possibly then commence growing in the summer, 
and if so, may be taken up and potted. We have not, however, much 
hope of their satisfactory recovery. 
Diseased IMCushrooms—Sprlngrtalls (M. K .').—The “buttons” 
were certainly damaged by some insect which had almost, and in some 
cases quite, severed the connection between the clusters and the myce¬ 
lium, hence they ceased swelling, and the small ones went ofl as fast as 
formed. The small insects have done the mischief, but the cause of 
their presence was the damp litter in which they were introduced and 
bred. Both the samples in the box and bottle were the same, and 
the insect (so-called) is one of the springtails or Thysanura, of the tribe 
Collembola and family Poduridre. It is named Achorutes purpurascens, 
Luii., and is found “ on a hotbed and under branches of trees throughout 
the year ”— (^Lubbock}, The insects are sometimes so common in places 
where fermenting materials are employed that they swarm as thick as 
powder, and they browse on any tender plants they can, rasping off the 
cuticle, so that the plants often flag and sometimes perish. While we 
were examining one of the creatures it sprang 2, and sometimes 3 inches 
high, and as it is only J-inch in length, a 6-foot person with similar 
power would be able to leap 144 feet high. The principal food of this 
animal is nitrogen, which it procures as a rule from decaying vegetable 
matter, but it is very fond of fungi, the saprophytic, as these are highly 
nitrogenous. It loves moisture, hence the moist condition of the bed 
would favour the increase of the pests and their depredations. Lime 
and soot water have little or no effect on them, but they are speedily 
destroyed by chloride and nitric acid, which, in the form of a solution of 
common salt or nitrate of soda, will not injure, but if anything, benefit 
the Mushrooms. One-half to 1 oz. of salt in a gallon of water may be 
used, or one-quarter to half an ounce of nitrate of soda, the smaller dose 
being the safest for forced Mushrooms, but outdoor ones will usually 
bear the stronger. It is well to keep both from the clusters of small 
Mushrooms, but moistening the surface is imperative. The insects do 
not go deeply into the beds. 
Amaryllis not Flowering- Satisfactorily (The Boy ').—By 
Amaryllis you, of course, allude to hybrid or cross-bred varieties of 
Hippeastrum, which in some sorts are deciduous and in others ever¬ 
green, but all require a season of rest, yet water should never be 
entirely withheld, especially from the varieties more or less evergreen. 
The growing season begins usually in February, and lasts until about 
September, during which they should have a minimum temperature of 
<50° to 65°, with 5° to 10° more by day, and 10° to 15° rise from sun heat. 
Young bulbs and unsatisfactory plants should be potted if they require 
it just when starting, shaking out some or the whole of the soil, well 
filling in the new amongst the roots, and making it quite firm with a 
hand rammer. Bather heavy or good bodied loam, with a fourth of well 
dscayed manure, a sixth of sand, and a twelfth of charcoal, form a 
euitable compost, a 9-inch potful of bonemeal to a barrowload of loam 
being an advantage. Good drainage is very important. The plants 
require careful watering until they take well hold of the soil, then they 
should receive supplies corresponding to the growth and requirements, 
being duly syringed, so as to keep down red spider and other pests. 
The plants require abundance of light and sunshine, nurserymen doing 
them well, because they grow them in span-rooted houses, thus insuring 
the formation of a sturdy growth, thick leathery leaves, and abundant 
stored matter in the roots. They also secure uniform moisture and 
possibly some ammonia by the use of tan or cocoa-nut fibre refuse. Of 
course, slight shade is necessary during the flowering period to preserve 
the blossoms, but at all other times the plants cannot have too much 
light. When the plants are growing and have plenty of roots top- 
dressings of the advertised fertilisers occasionally or liquid manure 
should be given, the thing being to get sturdy, vigorous growth and 
support, so as to get flowering strength into the bulbs, which are what 
the growth is previously. Plenty of air must be administered in 
summer, so as to insure the thorough elaboration of the juices, not 
diminishing the supplies of water until the foliage gives indications of 
ripening, taking care to get the plants thoroughly ripened before or by 
autumn, when the pots with their contents may be placed in a 
dry, cool house until starting time. With attention to these matters 
you ought to have few or no flowerless bulbs. 
ITames of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seeds and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. H.). —If you read the above conditions you will find that we do not 
undertake to name plants which have originated from seed, as such are 
florists’ varieties, including those you send, not distinct species. 
(J. H.). —1, Anchusa italica; 2, Pulmonaria oflficinalis; 3, Forsythia 
suspensa; 4, Martynia fragrans. (J. J.). —Pulmonaria officinalis. (J.C). 
—The Arum Lily is frequently seen with double spathes. 1, Curculigo 
recurvata; 2, specimen insufficient, possibly Pulmonaria officinalis; 
3, Arabis albida; 4, Asplenium flaccidum; 5, A. bulbiferum. (V, B.), 
—1, Coelogyne cristata; 2, Cypripedium Llliotianum; 3, Dendrobium 
nobile. (Rosshire). —The Azalea Is a variety of amcena, the bulbous 
plant Ornithogalum pyramidale. 
OOVBNT GARDEN MARKET.— May Ist. 
Trade brisker. Indoor produce in full supply. The first consignments of 
Tasmanian Apples arriving soft. 
FRUIT. 
1 . d. H. d. s. d. B. d- 
Apples, per half sieve .. 1 6 to 4 6 Oobs, per 100 lbs.18 0 to 0 0 
„ Nova Scotia, per Grapes, per lb.16 6 0 
barrel. 10 0 21 0 Lemons, case ., .. ..10 0 15 0 
„ Tasmanian, per St. Michael Pines, each ,, 2 0 6 0 
cask. 8 0 13 6 Strawberries, per lb.10 SO 
vegetables. 
B. 
d. 
8. d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per Ib. .. 
1 
0 
to 1 3 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
1 
0 
0 0 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Oarrots, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 4 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Oelery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 3 
Potatoes, per ewt. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Oucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 6 
Seakale, per basket .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. .. 
1 
3 
1 6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 0 
Shallots, per lb.. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 0 
Spinach, bushel. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 6 
Toma toes, per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet ,, .. 
0 
9 
1 0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
u 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
PRICES.—OCT FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
8. 
d. 
8. d. 
8. 
d. 
8 . 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
3 
0 
to 4 0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
to 1 
0 
Azalea, dozen sprays .. .. 
0 
6 
1 0 
„ Tea, white, dozen ,. 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 
2 
0 
3 0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 0 
„ Safrano (English), 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
3 0 
dozen. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Daffodils, (dbl.),doz. bchs. 
2 
6 
3 0 
„ (French), yellow, doz. 
„ (single), doz. bchs. 
3 
0 
4 0 
blooms. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
4 
0 
6 0 
„ (French), Red, dozen 
Gardenias, dozen ., ., 
3 
0 
4 0 
blooms . 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Geranium, scarlet, doz. 
Smilax, per bunch .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
bunches. 
6 
0 
9 0 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms.. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Lilac (French) per bunch 
5 
0 
6 0 
Violets (English), dozen 
Lilium longiflorum, dozen 
4 
0 
6 0 
bunches. 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
3 0 
Violets (French), Parme, 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
per bunch . 
2 
6 
3 
6 
bunches. 
6 
0 
8 0 
Violets (French), Czar, per 
Orchids, dozen blooms .. 
1 
6 
12 0 
bunch . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 0 
Violets (French), Victoria, 
Primula (double), dozen 
dozen bunches. 
2 
6 
i 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
8. d. 
8 . 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 0 
Perns (small) per hundred 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Aspidistra, dozen 
18 
0 
36 0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
0 
7 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 6 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Azaleas, each . 
3 
6 
4 0 
Genistas, per dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Cinerarias, per doz. ,, .. 
8 
0 
10 0 
Hyacinths dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Cyclamen, dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
12 0 
Lycopodiums, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena, various, dozen .. 
12 
0 
30 0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen . . 
9 
0 
18 0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Erica, various, dozen 
9 
0 
13 0 
Palms, in var.. each .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 0 
Primulas, dozen. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Fere? in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 0 
PASTURE CULTIVATION. 
Careful revision, the addition of an index, and notes on 
worthless grasses and poisonous plants found in pastures, are 
the special features of the fifth edition of Mr. Martin J. 
Sutton’s book on “Permanent and Temporary Pastures,” a 
copy of which has been sent to us by the publishers. TVe 
