Mriy 9, ISOj. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
403 
- Tue first annual show of the Coventry Chrysanthemum 
Society will be held on Wednesday and Thursday, November 6th 
and 7th. 
- Cider.—C an any of your readers give me full particulars (or 
refer me to any book or paper) for making unfermented cider that will 
keep good for twelve months?—R. Binns. 
- Gardening Appointments. — Mr. W. Whait, for the past 
thirteen years head gardener at Wyndham Hall, Melton Mowbray, has 
been appointed head gardener to H. G. James, Esq , The Chestnuts, 
Oadby, Leicester. Mr. W. A. Jenkins, for the past fourteen years head 
gardener to Brodie Cochrane, Esq , Aldin Grange, Durham, has been 
appointed Curator under the Corporation of Stockton of the Ropner 
Park and Recreation Grounds. 
- Mr. E. Wallis, The Gardens, Hamels Park, Buntingford, Herts, 
writes :—“The weather here during the past month has been very even 
and genial for the growth of vegetation. The frosts during the past 
month have not been so severe as usual during April. Rain has fallen 
on eight days during the past month. Maximum in any twenty-four 
hours was 0 37 on the 25th. Total during the past month 1 42, against 
1-42 of 1894.” 
- April Weather in Sussex. —“ R. I.” writesThe total 
rainfall at Abbot’s Leigh, Haywards Heath, Sussex, for April, was 2'50 
inches, being 0 82 inches above the average. The heaviest fall wasO'77 
on the 25th. Rain fell on twelve days. The maximum temperature in 
the shade was 69° on the 17th, and the minimum 31° on the 15th. Mean 
maxima, 5612 ; mean minima, 39'18°. Mean temperature, 47 60°, 
which is 6 "46° above the average. A favourable month, a fair amount 
of sunshine and no frosts.” 
- April Weather at Driffield.—M ean temperature at 
9 A.M. (corrected) 47 54°. Wet bulb 44’12°. Mean maximum 54 05° ; 
mean minimum 36 85°. Highest, 64 2° on 21st; lowest, 27 5° on 13th. 
Mean of maxima and minima 45 45°. Mean range 13'2. Mean radia. 
tion temperature on grass 29 65°; lowest 15'8° on 8th. Rainfall^ 
1‘75 inch. No. of rainy days 9. Greatest amount on one day, 0'69 on 
25th. Mean amount of cloud at 9 A.M. (estimated) 5'7.—W.G. Lovel, 
York Road, Driffield, Observer. 
- Weather in South Wales. —The following is a summary 
of the weather here for the past month ;—Total rainfall, 3-30 inches ; 
maximum 1’17 inch on the 22nd, minimum 0 02 on the 7th. Rain fell 
on twelve days. Total sunshine, 105 hours 10 minutes; maximum 
twelve hours on the 15th, minimum ten minutes on the 9th. Sunless 
days, six. Sunshine did not exceed four hours on twenty days, and on 
twelve days it was less than two hours. The wind was in the N. and 
N.W. on thirteen days, S.E. and E. on thirteen days, and for the 
remainder of the time S.W. Very cold cutting winds all the time, 
with sharp frosts. — W. Mabbott, Gwernllwyn House Dowlais, 
Glamorgan. 
- Aberdeenshire Agricultural Research Association. 
—The work of this Society in 1894 was largely concerned with an 
inquiry into “ degeneration of Rye Grass and possible recovery.” It is 
argued that in permanent pasture “starvation of plants, and non- 
utilisation of the plants when grown, are the features to be remedied in 
order to secure permanent pasture of the valued Rye Grass.” The 
supreme value of Lolium perenne in pastures, as demonstrated by Sir 
John Lawes and others a few years ago, appears to be steadily acquiring 
additional confirmation in different parts of the country, and the 
economic importance of the question is beyond all doubt. We are 
afraid that confusion is likely to arise from the adoption of a practice 
in vogue at some of the American experiment stations, where the word 
“ legume ” is used to denote “ leguminous (papilionaceous) plant.” In 
this report we read, “ Legumes—i.e.. Tares, Peas, Clover, Lucerne, &;c.” 
The word “ legume ” has already a definite meaning attached to it by 
English botanists, whilst in colloquial use in France it has another and 
a wider applicati?n. Exception should also be taken to the use of the 
term tubercules (or tubercles) to denote the structures on the roots of 
leguminous plants. Lawes and Gilbert have, with admirable consis¬ 
tency, adhered throughout to the word “ nodules,” and it is unfortunate 
that this example has not generally been followed. S udents of agri¬ 
culture are hearing more and more of tubercle in animals and of the 
disease termed tuberculosis, and there is a tendency, at least on the part 
of beginners, to think that all tubercles must be alike. The general 
adoption of the word “ nodules,” as used by Lawes and Gilbert, would 
lessen the possibility of confusion.—(‘ Nature.”) 
- Black Grub.—C an any cf your readers tell me how to get rid 
of a black grub that I find eats off the stem of Pansies and Iceland 
Popples just above the roots? I found as many as eleven of these grubs 
attacking the roots of an ordinary Lilium candidum. Is there any 
preparation that will kill them without injuring the plants ?—L. S. G. 
- The Flower Season at the Isles of Scilly is now about 
finished. Although prices at the beginning of the season ruled high 
the returns to the Islands will fall considerably below the average. The 
early Narcissus crop, the Soleil d’Or, was a failure throughout the 
Islands, and the total number sent for the year will be about 100 tons 
short of last year. 
-A New Botanical Magazine. — With the somewhat un¬ 
wieldy title, “ Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift fiir Systematik, 
Floristik, und Pflanzengeographie,” a new monthly botanical journal 
has been started at Carlsruhe, under the editorship of Herr A. Kneucker. 
Its aim is especially to deal with the study of difficult groups of plants, 
diagnoses of species, critical forms and hybrids, geographical botany, and 
the results of the travels of botanists. 
- Floors Castle.—M r. Williamson may know if he chooses that 
“ Floors ” (Floors Castle) means the floors or terraces formed by the 
river Tweed that flows at the foot of the Castle—that is the definition I 
have always understood it to mean, and not flowers or Jleurs. As 
gardener at Floors during the whole of the seventies, Mr. Williamson 
will pardon me for the presumption I here take in the correction of his 
otherwise appreciative description of Floors and its gardens, and its 
unique natural position.—K., Belgium. 
-Cardiff Horticultural Society. — The seventh annual 
show of this Society ia announced to be held in the Sophia Gardens, 
Cardiff, on August 14th and 15th, and the schedule shows many 
excellent prizes are being offered. One of the chief classes is for twelve 
stove and greenhouse plants, the amounts offered being, first, £12 ; 
second, £8 ; and third, £4. These should be provocative of keen com¬ 
petition. The Secretary is Mr. Harry Gillett, 66, Woodville Road, 
Cardiff, to whom applications of all kinds should be addressed. 
- The Development of Cucurbita pepo. —In the “Bulletin” 
No. 9 of the “ Minnesota Botanical Studies ” is an interesting article by 
Mr. A. P. Anderson on the Grand Period of Growth in the Fruit of 
Cucurbita pepo. From the time of fertilisation to that of ripening the 
development may be divided into three periods—a period of active and 
continuous increase from the time of pollination to the grand maximum; 
one of decline in the daily increase and rise in the daily decrease from 
the grand maximum to the beginning of ripening ; and the ripening 
period. During this latter period an extended decrease, due to tran¬ 
spiration, lasting throughout the daily hours, was quickly followed by 
the maximum increase. At the time of the grand maximum the fruit 
gained 782 grammes in weight during twenty-four hours. The variations 
in length of the internodes occurred simultaneously with corresponding 
increase and decrease in the weight of the fruit.—( ‘ Nature.”) 
- Bachelor’s Buttons. —In reading, as I always do with much 
interest, the articles of the series on “Floral Facts and Fancies,” which 
appeared in the Journal of April 25th, I observe your contributor’s 
remark that the “ Aconite-leaved Ranunculus ’’is grown in some gardens 
as Bachelor’s Button. I have heard this name applied to the double 
variety of R. aconitifolius, which, as your able coirespondent says, is 
named the “ Fair Maids of France.” The true Bachelor’s Button is, 
however, another species of Ranunculus, being the double form of 
R. acris. It seems that several other flowers bear the name, and among 
these are Geranium Robertianum, Lychnis diurna, Scabiosa succisa, and 
also in Devonshire the flowers of the Burdock, the Pennywort, a small 
Chrysanthemum, and the Feverfew—(“ Friend’s Flowers and Flower 
Lore.”). By the way, a curious name in the S.E, of Kirkcudbrightshire 
for the flowers of the Burnet Rose (R. spinosissima) is “ Sodger’s 
Buttons,” “Sodger” being the Doric for soldier. In connection with 
the same interesting article you will perhaps allow me to correct what 
appears to be a press error on page 356. “J. R. S. C.,” speaking of 
the Wood Anemones, says, “ Under cultivation as in exotic species the 
stamens become petals, and a pretty double flower is formed, the 
Pasque Anemone.” I think the sentence should have ended at “ formed,’’ 
and that the words “ the Pasque Anemone ” should have formed the 
beginning of the next paragraph. It is perhaps not of much conse¬ 
quence, but one finds how easily errors of plant names are perpetuated, 
and the Pasque Anemone is, of course, A. pulsatilla,—S. Arnott, 
