92 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
February 1, 1894. 
A Eoyal Cup foe Eoses. 
It may interest your readers to know that Her Majesty the Queen, 
who has condescended to patronise the joint Show of the Windsor, 
Eton, and District Eose Society, and the National Eose Society, to be 
held at Windsor on Wednesday, June 27th, has presented a silver cup, 
which will be given as first prize in a class for twelve Eoses, distinct, 
single trusses, open to all amateurs. It is hoped that this class will 
be within the powers of the majority of Eose growers, and that a 
strong competition will result.—W. Colin Eomaine, Hon. Sec. 
Hybeid Teas. 
I HAVE for a long time been convinced that however carefully a 
writer may word his sentences they can be twisted into a meaning he 
never intended. I therefore, in matters of opinion, write my views as 
clearly as I can, and leave criticisms on them unnoticed. It is a 
different matter, however, when one’s correct statement of facta is 
questioned. I therefore assure “J. B.” (page 75) that I am neither 
deaf nor daft. I stated that Hybrid Teas could neither be shown 
amongst Teas or Hybrid Perpetuals. Mr. Frank Cant’s rider to the 
resolution only confirms this statement. It was that Hybrid Teas 
could be shown in any mixed class, and so could any Eose, Gallica, 
Hybrid Bourbons, Hybrid China, or anything else that the exhibitor 
thought worthy of a place ; but where a class for Hybrid Perpetuals is 
made a Hybrid Tea amongst them must be a disqualification. 
I am quite aware that there are two sets of Hybrid Teas in the 
National Eose Society’s catalogue, but I had only to do with exhibition 
Eoses in the remarks that I have given.—D., Deal. 
[According to the report of the annual meeting of the National 
Rose Society (vide Journal of Horticulture, December 14th, 1893), Mr. 
Frank Cant moved that an alteration in regulation 14 be made, and 
after some discussion, it was proposed and carried that it should read 
“ Hybrid Teas cannot be shown in the classes set apart for Teas and 
Noisettes, but may be shown amongst Hybrid Perpetuals and in mixed 
classes.” The resolution was taken by our shorthand reporter, and 
confirmed by Mr. Mawley prior to publication.] 
Eose Mes. W. J. Geant. 
I FULLY endorse the remarks of “ W. R. Raillem ” (page 74) 
upon the re-naming of the above beautiful Rose by the American 
buyers, and consider they have been extremely discourteous to the 
eminent raisers, to the National Rose Society, whose gold medal has 
been awarded to it, and to the lady whose name it bears. Some months 
ago, when Messrs. Dickson’s catalogue appeared with the intimation of 
the change, I wrote them, saying that whenever blooms appear in my 
stand they will be labelled “ Mrs. W. J. Grant.” 
V It seems to me, moreover, that this is a matter in which the N.R.S. 
should make some odicial pronouncement, nr complications may arise 
with reference to the medal. It will be possible, as matters stand, for 
a purchaser to exhibit this Rose again for the medal, and if told it is 
not eligible and confronted with the regulation, ‘‘No Rose which has 
won a similar prize . . . may compete,” to reply, “ But ‘ Belle Siebricht ’ 
has not been awarded a medal.” Of course such action is not probable, 
and could be overruled if it did occur, but unpleasantness and dis¬ 
satisfaction would be caused, and it is well to guard against the 
possibility of this.—J. B, 
The Eosaeian’s Yeae Book, 1894. 
We received a copy of this publication last Thursday, and, like its 
predecessors, the one before us contains much useful information of 
special interest to rosarians. The frontispiece is a portrait of Mr. Frank 
Cant of Colchester, accompanied by a brief history of this well known 
Rose grower, written by the Editor, the Rev. H. H. D’Ombrain. From 
this we gather the following particulars, whic’u may prove interesting to 
some of our readers :— 
“ It is sixteen years since Mr. F. Cant planted the first 500 Manetti 
and 400 Briar stocks in his father’s garden at Mile End, Colchester. 
The following year, as no more ground was available in the garden, his 
father gave him free use of a two-acre field, which in a very few years 
he found insufficient scope for his requirements ; he therefore embarked 
in a larger occupation of nine acres near Colchester Station, but finding 
this fresh land not altogether suitable for Rose growing, he hired an 
additional piece of land, about twelve acres, at West Bergholt, with a 
view to using the washings and waste water from the brewery at that 
place. He lived there three years, but as the quantity of land there 
was insufficient, and where he now resides was offered to him, he 
accepted it ; and from the garden and 400 standards and 600 Manetti 
stocks he is proud to say he is the tenant of a farm of forty-five acres, 
and plants annually i00,000 dwarfs and 25,000 standard and half¬ 
standard stocks—of the dwarfs 40,000 are Briar cuttings, 30,000 seed¬ 
ling Briar, and 30,000 Manetti. It will be seen from these figures he is 
a strong advocate of the Briar in preference to Manetti. 
‘‘ He seems to have first exhibited at the National Eose Society in 
1881 or 1882. From that time he has steadily advanced, and three 
times during the years which have elapsed since then he has carried off 
that much-coveted prize, the Challenge Trophy at the Metropolitan 
Show, which by some has been called the Eose Derby ; and once, also, 
the Jubilee Trophy. It would be useless to enumerate the numerous 
cups, medals, and prizes that he has obtained in all parts of the 
kingdom, for wherever there was competition, there he was sure to be 
found.” 
The Eev. A. Foster Melliar, Mr. G. Paul, Mr. C. J. Grahame, Mr. J. 
Harkness, Mr. Alex. Dickson, and Mr. W. J. Grant expatiate upon “ A 
Symposium of Hybrid Perpetual Eoses,” some of the contributors giving 
lists of varieties which they consider best for exhibition. The Editor 
deals with “The Rose and the National Rose Society in 1893,” and an 
article on “Garden Roses” by the recently deceased Mr. Walter H. 
Williams is particularly interesting. Mr. Alexander Hill Grav has some 
humorous *' Rose Jottings,” referring principally to Eoses in the Channel 
Islands, while Mr. E. Mawley gives exhaustive information in an article 
on “ The Weather of the Past Eose Year.” Messrs. Bemrose & Sons, 
Limited, 23, Old Bailey, E.C., and Derby, are the publishers, and the 
price, as usual, is Is. If there are any Rose growers who have not 
obtained the work it may be well for them to order it at once before the 
supply is exhausted. Its brisk sale is the best test of acceptability. 
PEARS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
[Bead at Exeter by Mr. D. 0. Powell.] 
The Pear is a most delicious fruit, and is grown principally for 
dessert purposes, and for that it is preferred by most people to the 
Apple, Some varieties are grown for culinary purposes, and it would 
be well to turn attention to cultivating more of this section. These 
varieties, too, are most of them long keeping, and do not assume 
the soft texture when ripening as the dessert kinds, and, of course, 
are adapted for storing. To grow Pears to perfection a good knowledge 
of the proper soils, pruning, training, gathering, and storing of the 
fruit, diseases and insects affecting the health of the tree must be under¬ 
stood to be successful. 
The soil that the Pear succeeds best in is a moderately strong loam, 
2 feet deep, and well drained. Heavy clay soil is not suitable for pro¬ 
ducing fruitful trees, as it is known to retain moisture to a great 
extent. With such, draining must first of all be done, and the soil 
returned to the pit for planting the tree in must have other lighter, 
sandier soils incorporated with it, so that the roots can readily ramify 
in it, and receive the warmth and air necessary for the formation of 
fibrous roots, which are the real fruit producers. In preparing soil for 
Pear trees one should bear in mind that the object in fruit culture is to 
discourage by every means the downward tendency of roots into the 
subsoils. Therefore, the subsoils should neither be loosened nor 
manured. Where clay or other strong soils exist it is advisable to use 
stone or slate slabs at the bottom of the pits where the trees are to be 
planted. This also facilitates the action of root-pruning. Light sandy 
soils that are not considered of sufficient depth and strong enough in 
texture should be taken out in pits not less than 6 feet wide and 2 feet 
deep, in order that sufficient soil may be introduced to last and keep 
the tree m health for many years, some stronger soil introduced mixing 
with it, the sandy soil taken out if needful. If the soil is not rich at 
the time of planting nothing better can be used than loam. It is well 
also when planting to use some of the surface soil from parts of the 
garden under cultivation for vegetables, which has been enriched by 
constant dressings, for placing immediately over the roots. A little 
manure is advisable to use about the time of planting in proportion as 
the soil is rich or poor. 
The operation of planting should be performed immediately after 
the fall of the leaf. Planting should not be done in wet weather, but 
deferred until the soil can be worked well. The soil having been 
previously prepared, holes should be taken out at least one foot wider 
than the breadth of the roots of the tree, which must be inserted to 
show when finished as much of the stem as when growing in the 
nursery ground. The soil should be made firm with the foot as the 
work proceeds, and when finished a mulching of long straw or litter 
should be secured to the ground to preserve the moisture in the soil 
at the roots, and serve also for protection of the young roots from 
damage caused by severe weather. All trees of heights requiring support 
should receive it immediately. Wall trees when newly planted should 
have a few of the main branches secured to the wall to prevent friction 
with rough bricks or stones. For planting in the open ground pyramids 
are as desirable as any; while bush-trained, umbrella-shaped espaliers 
and cordons may be grown in most gardens with very satisfactory 
results. 
The growth of the Pear is such that almost any shape may be 
obtained that one wishes. As the Pear has a natural tendency to grow 
upright, there is no difficulty in acquiring a pyramid. In its natural 
state the Pear grows vigorously—hence, to grow trees in a very small 
compass a great deal of restriction is required. This is best eff cted 
by using the Quince stock, which has a very deranging influence on 
the Pear, exactly what is required. The Pear stock, or what is termed 
the free stock, is raised from pips, and is only suitable for weak-growing 
varieties to be grafted for orchard work. For walls, the horizontal, 
fan-shaped, and cordons are the best. These at the time of planting 
should have their stems so placed that when ^finished the base of them 
be not less than! inches from the wall. 
Summer pruning should be done at the end of July and August, 
