JVfay 3, 1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
341 
when they would be much better in the open air. Of course, some 
discretion must be used in the matter, as districts and positions vary 
.80 much, that the practice which would lead to success in one case 
would result in dismal failure in another. It is quite a common 
occurrence to find four or five degrees of frost registered in one part of 
the garden at a time when the thermometer has only fallen to the 
freezing point in another. A little close observation, however, will 
generally reveal some sheltered nook, which may be made good use of 
during the spring months for arranging Chrysanthemums and other 
plants in before it is safe to place them in a thoroughly exposed 
position. 
Nearly all Chrysanthemum growers experience great difficulty in 
affording sufficient pit room to accommodate their plants, if arranged 
thinly, during the month of April; the consequence is that they are 
placed a little too closely together. This may only be for a couple of 
weeks, but it is long enough to alter the character of the plants 
considerably. For several years I have placed plants in the open air a 
good deal earlier than my neighbours seemed to think it safe to do, but 
I took the precaution to erect a rough framework around them and 
cover with thin canvas whenever there was an appearance of frost. 
This year, however, I have dispensed with covering altogether, and find 
the plants have not been injured in the least, although on several 
occasions the thermometer near them has registered 5° and 6° of frost. 
My opinion is that cold cutting winds do far more harm to Chrysan¬ 
themums when first placed in the open air than a few degrees of frost. 
This year our first plants were stood in the open air during the first 
week in April. The treatment seemed to suit them so well that the 
same course was soon followed with the others that were established, 
and I have every reason to be satisfied with the result, as the plants are 
sturdy and strong, showing no trace of that weakness at the base of 
the stem and abrupt thickening of it higher up, a condition often met 
with among Chrysanthemums, although most growers try to avoid it. 
In choosing a position in which to place the plants in the open air 
thus early in the season, it is important that it should be well sheltered 
on the north and east sides. In our own case a bank of shrubs give 
ample shelter on the east side, and walls and buildings on the north and 
west. This circumstance doubtless accounts for the fact that a few 
degrees of frost have so little effect upon them. 
When naturally sheltered positions are not available, they may 
easily be formed by thatching hurdles with straw, and with them 
enclosing a sufficient space to accommodate the requisite number of 
plants. If a walk is left up the centre and side ones arranged at intervals 
of 6 feet, the requirements of the plants are easily attended to, and in 
cases of severe frost cross-bars and canvas could be quickly fixed to 
afford protection. 
This plan is, I think, a far better one than keeping the plants in pits, 
unless these are sufficiently numerous to afford ample room for each. 
I do not lose sight of the fact that during the last two seasons the spring 
months have been exceptionally fine, and therefore favourable to this 
outdoor treatment. The peculiarities of each season must, of course, be 
studied,-but after making due allowance for these, I believe many will 
agree with me that we have gradually drifted into a system of “ coddling ” 
these popular flowers too much, and that any plan which tends to keep 
them strong and sturdy in their early stages of growth, not only 
improves their constitution, but also retards the formation of crown 
buds.—H. Dunkik. 
The Japanese Chbysanthemtjm Election. 
As a supplement to the voters’ lists of Japanese Chrysanthemums the 
concluding ones of which were given in our issue for February 8tb las’’, 
we reproduce a table prepared by Mr. Molyneux of the varieties that 
were not included in Mr. Mawley’s analysis, published in the Journal of 
Horticulture for November 30th, 1893, and January 25th, 1894. The 
number of votes accorded are the same as those given with the names 
of the varieties in the lists in our issue for January 25th (page 64), but 
the dates of introduction with the names of the respective raisers or 
introducers, also the colours, form an additional feature, which will 
doubtless interest many readers. 
No. of 
votes. 
Name. 
Date of 
Intro¬ 
duction. 
Raiser’s or Introducers’s 
Name. 
Colour. 
38 
Mdlle. Th^r^se Rey . 
1892 
Calvat. 
Ivory white 
29 
Robert Owen . 
1892 
Owen . 
Bright golden bronze, reddish bronze at the base 
22 
Golden Wedding. 
1893 
Peter Henderson . 
Rich golden yellow 
16 
President Borel . 
1892 
Calvat. 
Bright rose, golden reverse 
15 
Miss Dorothy Shea. 
1893 
C. E. Shea . 
Rich terra cotta, buff reverse 
13 
Eda Prass. 
1892 
American . 
Lilac, changing to blush 
9 
. 
1891 
American . 
Rose pink 
7 
W. H. Lincoln Improved. 
1893 
Owen . 
Deep shining yellow 
7 
Princess May . 
1892 
Agate . 
Pure white 
7 
Silver King. 
1893 
C. B. Shea. 
Soft rosy mauve, silvery blush reverse 
7 
Mrs. B. D. Adams. 
1891 
Pitcher & Manda. 
White, shaded pink 
6 
Viscountess Hambledon . 
1892 
Owen . 
Silvery blush pink 
5 
Louise . 
1892 
Calvat. 
Soft peach pink 
5 
Duke of York. 
1893 
Dibbens . 
Deep pink, shaded silver 
5 
Golden Gate . 
1892 
American . 
Tawny yellow 
5 
The Tribune . 
1893 
Pitcher «& Manda . 
Soft primrose 
5 
Beauty of Exmouth . 
1893 
Godfrey . 
Ivory white 
4 
C. Shrimp ton. 
1893 
Seward . 
Crimson brown 
4 
Mrs. Beckett . 
1892 
N. Davis. 
Blush white 
4 
Le Verseau . 
1890 
Lacroix . 
Deep rose, shaded claret 
3 
Madame E. Rey . 
1892 
Calvat. 
Deep lilac, suffused with rose 
3 
Primrose League. 
1893 
American . 
Soft primrose yellow 
2 
Robert Flowerday ..1. 
1892 
American . 
Bright crimson lake, reverse silvery pink 
2 
Richard Dean. 
1894 
Owen . 
Deep crimson, golden reverse 
2 
Madame C. Molin . 
1893 
Calvat. 
Pure white 
2 
Violetta .. 
1894 
Kelly . 
Soft rosy violet 
2 
Elmer D. Smith . 
1891 
American . 
Cardinal red, reverse chamois 
2 
Le Prince du Bois . 
1893 
Gibson . 
Pale golden yellow 
2 
Colonel Chase. 
1894 i 
Kelly . 
Pale blush, centre shaded yellow 
2 
Madame Octavie Mirbeau. 
1892 
Crozy . 
White and rose, edged amaranth 
1 
International . 
1893 
American . 
Salmon rose, shading to primrose 
1 
W. G. Newitt. 
1893 
American . 
Pure white 
1 
T.’Taere . 
1892 
Calvat. 
Straw colour, changing to white 
1 
Mrs. P. Blair . 
1894 
Owen . 
Silvery rose, streaked and shaded deeper 
1 
Wilfred Marshall . 
1894 
Owen . 
Lemon yellow 
1 
Rose Wynne .. 
1894 
Ov/en . 
Delicate blush 
1 
Mrs. Bruce Findlay . 
1893 
Owen . 
Deep blush pink 
1 
1894 
Kelly . 
Canary yellow 
1 
Madame Cambon . 
1894 
Gibson. 
An improved Comte de Germiny 
1 
1892 
N. Davis. 
Deep crimson 
1 
1889 
American . 
Bright yellow, bronze shade near the b.na 
1 
Mrs. T. Dpnne . 
1893 
American . 
Deep pink 
I 
Mr ■R', rt Whin-lo . 
1894 
H. J. Jones. 
Malmaison pink 
1 
Mr. G. Bryceson. 
1892 
Jones . 
Rich amaranth purple, silver reverse 
1 
Mrs. A. Jacobs . 
1891 
Newbould . 
Rosy fawn 
1 
Lizzie Cartledge... 
1889 
American . 
Bright dark rose, silver reverse 
1 
Mr"!. A. G. Hubbuck. 
1893 
Jones . 
Deep carmine amaranth, silvery reversr 
1 
J. P. Kendall . 
1891 
Owen . 
Silvery amaranth, reflexed rose cerise 
1 
M. Jules Toussaint. 
1890 
Ddlaux . 
Dirk rcrl. revpi-.^c colHFn yeliow 
