May 17, 1894. 
WURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
307 
Winter IVIotli Caterpillar — Xtimewasblng: Fruit Tree 
Stems Ql/iquirery —The description corresponds with the winter moth 
caterpillar, and another characteristic is that it has a “ looping ” gait. 
It is quite safe to dress the stems of fruit trees with a wash formed of 
lime, which should be slaked in a bucket, and enough water afterwards 
added to form a thin wash, and a little soot being mixed with it, its 
colour will not be so objectionable in appearance. Such mixtures ought to 
b e applied in the winter or preferably autumn, as it will then act better, 
and not be so likely to impede the evaporation, which, however, is very 
email from old bark, and far less harm would be done than by the scale. 
Carrot Fly and blagrg'ot (^Amateur'). —You desire to know “ some¬ 
thing about the Carrot fly and maggot.” The fly hardly measures half 
an inch across the wings when they are e.xpanded ; it is almost black or 
blackish-green (hence occasionally called the Negro), with transparent 
wings, head and legs reddish-yellow. Of this there appear to be two or 
three broods during the summer season, the first deposition of eggs 
taking place about the end of May or in June, these flies being produced 
from larvre or pupre that have lived through the winter. Like others of 
the group, the larvm or maggot is legless, having a sharp head and a 
blunt tail, which has just above it two raised plates that aid the move¬ 
ments of the insect as it forms its borrows or galleries ; the surface is 
smooth, shiny, and pale yellow. The different forms of the insect are 
represented in the engraving (fig. 61). Young speciaiens of this pest 
FIG. 61.— CARROT FLY AND LARViE. 
1, 2, and 3, Larva? natur.al size and magnified; 4, infested Carrot; 5 and G, pupfe ; 
7 and 8, Carrot Fly, natural size and magnified. 
are numerous during June, and from that date until the last Carrots are 
pulled in the autumn maggots are to be found where preventive means 
have not been taken ; and even after the Carrots have been removed 
some will subsist upon the fibrous roots left in the soil, hence the 
advisability of clearing the ground thoroughly about November, well 
digging and dressing with gas lime where the fly has occurred. Dressing 
with sand that has been moistened by the addition of spirits of tar or 
creosote has been strongly recommended by several gardeners (a gallon 
is said to saturate sufficient sand for rods) ; this may either be 
forked-in during the autumn, or laid-in at the time of sowing. 
Tomato Plants Flagrgrlng' (X. Y. X).—The plant marked No. 6 is 
attacked at the roots and in the stem, just above the soil and extending 
upwards about 3 inches, by eel worm, there not being as yet any eggs or 
traces thereof ; but the pests have penetrated the bark tissues, and 
caused their destruction. This parasite causes swellings on the roots 
and stems near the collar, and is a worse enemy than the root-knot 
eelworm (Heterodera radicola), through ulcerating the stem of the 
plant attacked, and causing its earlier and sudden collapse. The plant 
No. 1 also Is attacked by the blunt-stern eelworm (Tylenchus obtusus), 
which is shorter than T. devastatrix. The latter also attacks the stems 
of many plants, likewise the leaves. It is difficult to apply anything 
that will reach the eelworms inside the stems above ground, but they 
might be wrapped with damp moss loosely to a height of about 3 inches 
or soil placed about them, yet it is better to use the moss, even if soil be 
afterwards used. To eradicate the pests is the chief thing, and that may 
usually be effected by watering the plants or wetting the whole soil and 
mossed part of the stems with soluble phenyle, quarter of a pint to 
4 gallons of water. Soluble phenyle may be obtained of chemists in 
bottles from 6d. to 2s. 6d., “Little’s” being a special preparation, and 
the one advised to be used, as it is non-poisonous and not corrosive. 
Larger quantities are sold in drums at 7s. Gd. per gallon, or half-gallon 
tins 43. each. At the strength named it will not do the plants any 
harm, but as plants differ in hardiness or endurance, we advise your 
trying it on a few, and ascertaining what effect it has, then you can 
use your judgment accordingly. It will not sterilise the soil like 
carbolic acid, but is almost certain to effect a vigorous growth, and if 
the plants are not too far gone it will generally prove as destructive to 
the eelworms as profitable to the plants. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(^G. A."). — 1, Cerasus (Prunus) padus, Bird Cherry ; 2, a Lonicera, 
species unrecognisable ; 3, Sparmanniaafricana ; 4, Fuchsia procumbens ; 
5, Anthericum variegatum ; G, specimen insufficient, must have flower. 
(^J, J. S.). —(Enanthe crocata, the Hemlock Dropwort. It is a deadly 
poison to both men and animals. (^W, Lamb '),—Apparently Heuchera 
sanguinea. It is necessary to have better specimens to identify plants. 
(Aw Old Sicbscvibei-). —1, Eucalyptus globulus; 2, specimen insuffi¬ 
cient ; 3, Hibiscus sinensis ; 4, send when in flower ; 5, Celsia cretica ; 
6, a Francoa, cannot identify species without flowers. (E. A'.).—Laelia 
Brassavola Digbyana. (P. J. A ).—1, A form of Cattleya Mendeli; 
2, Cereus grandiflorus Maynardi, flower fallen ; 3, possibly Salvia 
pilantha ; 4, Linum angustifolium ; 5, specimen insufficient, send when 
in flower. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET.— May 16th 
The holidays as usual have paralysed trade, and with fiuec weather supplies have 
been heavy. 
FRUIT. 
a. d. s. 
Apples, per bushel .. 
Tafmaniau, per case .. 
Cobs . 
Grapes, new, per lb. .. 
Lemous, case ,. .. 
Asparagus, per bundle 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
a. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
.. 2 
6 to 10 
0 
Peaches, per doz. 
6 
0 to 
18 
0 
.. 8 
0 
12 
0 
Plums, per half sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
50 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
.. 2 
0 
3 
0 
Strawberries per lb., morn- 
0 
15 
0 
ing gathered. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
.. 2 
0 to 5 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
0 
9 to 
1 
0 
.. 1 
0 
1 
3 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
U 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch. 
„ new, bunch .. . 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. . 
Celery, bundle. 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
Cucumbers, dozen .. . 
Endive, dozen . 
Herbs, bunch . 
Leeks, bunch . 
Lettuce, dozen. 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 1 
Azalea, dozen sprays.. .. 0 
Bluebells, dozen bunches 1 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 1 
Cowslips, dozen bunches.. 1 
Eucharis, dozen.2 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 1 
Iris, dozen blooms .. .. 0 
Lilac (French) per bunch 2 
Lily o£ Valley, doz. sprays 0 
„ „ doz. bnchs. 4 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
bunches;.12 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
blooms.0 
Lilium longiflorum, per doz. 2 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches.4 
1 
3 
1 
2 
to 
0 IS 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
nots, dozen bunches 
Narciss, various, doz. bnchs. 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
Parsnips, dozen. 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
Salsafy, bundle. 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
Shallots, per lb. 
Spinach, bushel. 
Tomatoes. per lb. 
Turnips, bunch. 
„ new, bunch.. ,. 
PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
bunches. 
Primula (double), dozen 
sprays . 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
Roses (French), per dozen 
Roses, Safrano (English), 
per dozen. 
Roses, Marechal Neil, pet 
dozen . 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. 
Tulips, dozen blooms 
Violets, Parme (French), 
per bunch. 
Violets (French), per 
bunch . 
Wallflowers, doz. bunches.. 
3 0 
0 0 
0 8 
0 0 
3 0 
1 0 
II 4 
0 10 
8. d. s. d. 
1 0 to 9 0 
10 2 0 
6 0 
4 0 
0 6 
( 0 
1 0 
1 0 
2 0 
1 0 
1 G 
1 6 
0 6 
0 3 
2 0 
1 0 
2 6 
9 0 
G 0 
1 0 
9 0 
2 0 
3 0 
4 (I 
2 6 
2 0 
5 0 
1 0 
0 6 
3 6 
1 6 
4 0 
s. 
6 
6 
18 
5 
18 
G 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
Azaleas, per dozen .. .. 
Cineraria, per dozen .. .. 
Dracmna terminals, per 
dozen.18 
Dracsena viridis, dozen .. 9 
Ericas, per dozen .. .. 9 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. G 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 
Ferns, 111 variety, dozen .. 4 
,, (small) per hundred 4 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 1 
Foliage plants, var., each 2 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. G 
Genista, per dozen .. 6 
Heliotrope, per dozen .. 6 
PLANTS IN POTS 
d. s. d. 
0 to 12 0 
12 0 
36 0 
10 6 
30 0 
9 0 
42 0 
24 0 
24 0 
18 0 
24 0 
IP 
8 
7 
10 0 
9 0 
12 0 
9 0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
Ivy Geraniums. 
Lilium Harrissi, per dozen 
Lobelia, per dozen ,. .. 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
Mignonette, per doz. 
Musk, per dozen. 
Myrtles, dozen . 
Nasturtiums, per dozen .. 
Palms, in var.. each .. .. 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
Pelargoniums, per dozen . 
scarlet, per doz. 
Roses, various, per dozen.. 
„ (Fairy), per dozen.. 
Spirasas, per dozen .. .. 
Stocks, per dozen 
s. d. s. d. 
9 0 to 18 0 
6 0 
15 0 
4 0 
3 0 
6 0 
6 0 
4 0 
6 0 
1 6 
1 0 
21 0 
9 0 
4 0 
12 0 
9 0 
6 0 
3 0 
9 0 
30 0 
6 0 
4 0 
12 0 
9 0 
G 0 
9 0 
6 0 
15 0 
G3 0 
18 0 
G 0 
36 0 
12 0 
12 0 
5 0 
Roots in variety for planting out, in boxes or by the aozen. 
SMALL HOLDINGS. 
Much that is vague and misleading has been advanced in 
support of the popular cry for small holdings, simply because 
the true value of such holdings in the economy of land manage¬ 
ment is not generally understood When it is we have no 
doubt that much more respect will be accorded to landlords 
under whose generous fostering care so much good work has 
been done. In holding out a helping hand to workmen 
employed upon their estates they have enabled the men to 
help themselves by dint of thrift and industry. The best men 
