May 24, 1<!94. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
419 
Diseased Rose Toliage and Buds (,/ C. C*).—The Rose shoots 
came to hand in excellent condition. We are sorry to have our exami¬ 
nation of the former specimen confirmed by the fresh ones—namely, 
they are attacked by the (fortunately) rather uncommon fungus, 
Peronospora sparsa, which is only in degree less virulent than, the 
Potato disease. It does mischief by sometimes causing the leaves to 
become patchy and fall in great numbers, while in other cases the 
young wood and flowers are destroyed. The best remedy is to spray the 
trees with a Bordeaux mixture of moderate strength, or lb. of 
sulphate of copper dissolved in 3 gallons of water, and l|- lb. of quiek- 
lime slaked in a vessel by itself, forming it into a thin whitewash, then 
pour it slowly (when cool) through a hair sieve into the vessel con¬ 
taining the copper solution, mixing and diluting to 11 gallons. The 
mixture should be applied with a spraying apparatus, coating the 
plants with the finest possible film. Only as much of the mixture should 
be made as will suffice to dress the trees, for it must be used the same 
day as made. It may be necessary to repeat the application in ten days 
or a fortnight. The house should be kept rather warm and dry by 
careful ventilation. 
Primula Auricula (^Amateur ).—The species, a native of Switzer¬ 
land, has yellow flowers, and so have two of its varieties occurring there, 
Primula Auricula lutea and P. A. calycantha. A third variety, also a 
native of Switzerland, P. A. integerrima, has flowers of various colours. 
It is probable that all these ministered to the production of our garden 
varieties. As long ago as 1818 we published the following notes on this 
flower:—The Auricula is described and figured by Gerarde in his 
“ Herbal,” which appeared in 1597, and it is there called the Bear’s-ear 
or Meantain Cowslip. He says there were then many sorts, giving 
drawings of eight, the yellow, the purple, the scarlet, the blush-co'cured, 
and several reds. Like Bauhin, he gives them the specific botanical 
name of Auricula Ursi; but by Matthiolus and others it was named 
Sauicula alpina, from its supposed healing virtues and mountain birth¬ 
place. It was often called by ladies the French Cowslip. It is very 
certain that they were thus early much cultivated by French florists, 
for there is a poem in their praise in a curious work published at Douay 
in 1616, entitled “Jardin d’Hyver,”and with the verses are numerous 
drawings of the Auriculas, or d’Oreilles d’Ours,” as they are there 
calLd. Gesner named it Lunaria anthritica and Paralytica alpina. 
Parkinson says it obviously belonged to the Cowslip family, but 
Ludwig was the first to arrange it there under the generic name 
of Primula. Gerarde says that the eight kinds he enumerates were 
then commonly grown in the gardens about London, but it is evident 
they were not much esteemed ; nor is any notice taken of raising varieties 
from seed. This neglect soon passed away, for Johnson, in his edition 
of Gerarde, published in 1633, says that there were then a very great 
many varieties of these flowers growing in the gardens of Mr. Trades- 
cant and Mr. Tuggie. Tradescant’s garden was at Lambeth, and he, at 
the time Johnson wrote, was gardener to Charles I. 
IVXuscat of Alexandria Grapes Shanked (^Z. Y. X .),—The 
bunches are shanked, both in the footstalks of the berries and the 
stems of the bunches. It is a bad case, and the more remarkable as 
you say the borders are both (inside and outside) good. There is really 
nothing the matter with the tissues of the live parts of the bunches 
internally, but there are discoloured fungal spots on the epidermal cells 
externally. The underlying cells are emptied of their contents, and 
there is mycelia of a fungus, which is septate, and from the short 
portions hypha were springing, but far too young for identification. 
We, however, found some spores of Botrytis cinerea, one of them pushing 
a germinal tube. These are not the cause, so far as we are able to 
determine at present, of the shanking, but unfortunately we found 
abundance of the rod-like bodies which appear to proceed from the 
seeds, and by their needle-like concentration cut off the supply of sap 
to the berries at the footstalk. These bacilli have possibly got there in 
the sap, and it is difficult to ascertain why they attack the reproduction 
parts of the Vine only. It is by no means certain that they are the 
cause of shanking, and it is well known that proper structures, borders, 
and good management can prevent or reduce shanking to a very great 
extent. We question if the borders be “ very good,” or, if they are, the 
roots of the Muscats have not what they need as regards warmth in an 
outside one when the Vines are started early. This we consider to have 
had samething to do with the shanking, and we should certainly advise 
confining them to the inside border. The 5 leet wide border is quite 
sufficient for the Vines four years planted. As regards the ventilation 
of the house in front there seems room for improvement, but there is 
really no need for front ventilation if the top be sufficient, but of that 
you say nothing, confining your remarks to the front. There is always 
a rush of cold air through bottom ventilators, especially when the top 
are open at the same time, and in early forcing means should be taken 
to modify the inrush of cold air by placing some hexagon or other close 
netting over the openings. Between the two, the outside border and 
cold air giving, lie the inducement to shanking in your case, which is a 
great pity, as the Grapes are really very fine for the time of year, and 
they may possibly have been brought on too rapidly, as Muscat Grapes 
cannot well be had ripe before the middle of June when the Vines are 
started in January. This may have conduced to the shanking, and we 
mention these matters in order to assist you to a satisfactory deduction 
for future guidance. 
Names of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(^D, II.'). — 1, Lonicera tartr.iica ; 2, Xylosleum (Lcnicera) involu- 
cratum ; 3, Crataegus mexicana var. ; 4, Spiraea hypeiicifolia ; 5, Roses 
are florists’ flowers, about which see note above ; 6, Daphne cneorum. 
(_G. T.). —Large spray, Oncidium serratum ; small one, Odontoglossum 
hastilabium fuscatum. (IF. P.).—Ceicis siliquastrum, the Judas Tree ; 
see note in the Journal of Horticulture for May 3rd, page 352. 
(J/. H. S.). —Saxifraga granulata flore-pleno ; though succeeding well 
under trees this plant will also grow in the border and on rockeries. 
(Zf. B.). —1, Cytisus hispanica ; 2, Cerasus (Prunus) padus (the Bird 
Cherry); 3, Cornus sanguines. (77. N).—!, Allamanda cathartics ; 2, 
Maxillaria picta (poor form) ; 3, Davallia canariense. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET.— May 23rd 
Market very depressed owing to the reports from all parts of the country of the 
effects of the frosts. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples, per bushel .. .. 
2 
6 to 10 
0 
Peaches, per doz. .. .. 
6 
0 to 
18 
0 
Tas-manian, per case .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Plums, per half sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cobs . 
45 
0 
50 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Grape?, new, per lb. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Strawberries per lb., morn- 
Lemons, case . 
10 
0 
15 
u 
ing gathered. 
1 
0 
3 
6 
vegetables. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Asparagus, per bundle 
2 
0 to 5 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
0 
9 to 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. ., 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. ., .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
„ new, bunch .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
4 
6 
Celery, bunclle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Spinach, bushel. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Herbs, bunch ,, .. ,, 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Tom.atoes. per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
„ new, bunch.. 
0 
8 
0 10 
AVERAUE WHOLESALE PRI0E3.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
8. 
d. 
8. d 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms ., 
1 
6 
to 3 0 
Myosotis or ' Forget-me- 
Azalea, dozen sprays.. 
0 
4 
0 6 
nots, dozen bunches 
1 
6 
to 3 
0 
Bluebells, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 0 
Narciss, various, doz. bnchs. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
1 
0 
9 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
1 
6 
3 0 
Paeonies. dozen bunches .. 
6 
0 
15 
0 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cowslips, dozen bunches.. 
1 
0 
2 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
2 
0 
4 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 
0 
4 0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Iris, dozen blooms .. .. 
0 
6 
1 0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Lilac (French) per bunch 
2 
6 
4 0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lily of Valley, doz. sprays 
0 
6 
0 9 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ „ doz. bnchs. 
4 
0 
8 0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
bunches;. 
12 
0 
18 0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
Roses (French), per dozen 
r 
0 
2 
6 
blooms. 
0 
6 
0 9 
Roses, Safrano (English), 
Lilium longiflorum,per doz. 
2 
0 
4 0 
per dozen. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Roses, Mareohal Niel, per 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 0 
dozen . 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
4 0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
3 
0 
6 0 
Violets (French), per 
Moss Roses (French), doz. 
bunch . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
bunches. 
6 
0 
12 0 
Wallflowers, doz. bunches.. 
2 
6 
4 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. 
d. 
s. d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
9 
0 to 18 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 0 
Ivy Geraniums. 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 0 
Lilium Harrissi, per dozen 
15 
0 
30 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 6 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cineraria, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
9 0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, per 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 0 
Musk, per dozen.. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ericas, per dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
24 0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen 
1 
6 
6 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 0 
Palms, in var.. each .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Ferns. :u variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 0 
,, (specimens) .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
„ (small) per hundred 
4 
0 
8 0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen.. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
0 
7 6 
.. sc trlet, per doz. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Foliage plant?, var., each 
2 
0 
10 0 
Roses, various, per dozen.. 
12 
0 
36 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
9 0 
„ (Fairy), per dozen,. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Genista, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 0 
Spirsas, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
6 
0 
9 0 
Stocks, per dozen .. ,. 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Boots in variety for planting out, in boxes or by the dozen. 
PROFITABLE FARM PROD FOE. 
Once more do we return to tliis important subject, as indeed 
we are bound to do in these days of rapid change, of transition 
from the old order of what has been aptly termed easy going 
farming, to that of the present, which compels every thoughtful 
farmer to weigh well each thing that is done in the farm, in 
