426 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
May 31, 1894. 
Lion in Play, Moon in Frosty Night, Torch in Snow, Snow on Pine, 
L'on’s Head, Cascade of a Thousand Fathoms, Cherry on the Peak, 
Companion of the Moon, Waves in the Morning Sun, Moon’s Halo, 
Golden Dew, and Shadows of the Evening Sun. 
I now turn to another work, a recent acquisition, but a very beautiful 
one. It is called “ The Flowers of Japan, and the Art of Floral Arrange¬ 
ment,” by Josiah Conder, printed and published at Tokio. Chrysanthe¬ 
mums only form a small portion of this book, but as may be expected 
of every book dealing with flowers in Japan, there is something 
instructive and interesting to be found about them in it. Under the 
heading of Autumn Flowers the Chrysanthemum occupies the premier 
position, and a few words from Mr. Conder may very well be quoted. 
He says, “ It seems that the wild Chrysanthemum, of small flower, has 
always been indigenous to Japan, and held in considerable repute for 
medicinal purposes, in which connection early records state that large 
quantities of the yellow flower were yearly sent to the Imperial Court 
from the southern provinces. The large cultivated flower, however, is 
said to have been imported from Corea or China, and first planted at 
Ha Kata in the province of Chikwzen. At this time five colours were 
known, described as blue, yellow, red, white, and black, probably 
“ referring to a dark purple colour.” Mr. Conder, perhaps without 
knowing the importance of it, revives again the old story of the mythical 
blue variety, which, so far as most of us are concerned, was relegated to 
oblivion as one of those things that never had been, and never would be. 
The Kiku, which is the Japanese name for Chrysanthemum, and 
probably for other species than our well known exhibition favourite, 
has always been much honoured by the Imperial Court, and the annual 
fete in the Emperor’s gardens is known almost as well by name here as 
any important gathering of the kind in England. But like most things 
in the East nothing is popular unless it be ancient, and so we learn 
that as early as the time of the E mperor Heizei in the ninth century 
garden parties were held in the Palace Gardens to do honour to the 
flower that still continues to attract all the nobility of the country and 
distinguished foreign visitors at the season of its flowering in modern 
times. 
At the display in 1891 Mr. Conder says that there were 160 varieties 
■on view, but that number, which perhaps comprises only the best in the 
country, is in no way surprising. He adds, speaking on this subject, 
that there are said to be in Japan 269 colour varieties of the Chrys¬ 
anthemum, of which sixty-three are yellow, eighty-seven white, thirty- 
two purple, thirty red, thirty-one pale pink, twelve russet, and fourteen 
of mixed colours. I confess to feeling disappointed at this enumeration 
because I almost hoped to see at least one blue. A fancy prevails that 
in this flower the same tint is never exactly reproduced, and that in 
this it resembles the endless variety of the human countenance. 
Some of the old botanical travellers have told us of Chrysanthemums 
being grown in Japan all the year round. We are able by a very 
exhaustive table of flowers, arranged according to their months, to test 
this matter, for Mr. Conder gives us the Japanese name, the botanical 
name, and the English popular name, and an extract from it relating to 
1 he Chrysanthemum will show the precise value to be attached to the 
statements referred to. 
Kan-giku 
Pyretbrum sinense. 
Winter Chrysanthemum 
(Feb.) 
Haro-giku 
Korai-giku 
Chrysanthemum coronarium 
Spiing ditto 
Coreau ditto 
(Ml 
Haro-giku 
C. coronarium . 
altlo :::f (April) 
Korai-giku 
. 
Kiku ... 
C. coronarium . 
Chrysanthemum 
(May) 
di to ... 
ditto . 
ditto . 
(June) 
ditto ... 
ditto . 
ditto 
(July) 
■ditto ... 
Riukiu-giku 
ditto . 
ditto . 
ditto . 
■ (Aug.) 
Kiku ... 
No giku 
Kama-giku 
Chrysanthemum coronarium 
Chrysanthemum nipponicum 
ditto . 
Wild Chrysanthemum 
ditto 
- (Sap.) 
Riukiu-giku 
Kiku ... 
Hama-giku 
C. coronarium . 
C. nipponicum . 
Chrysanthemum ..., 
ditto . 
ditto . 
(Oct.) 
"Zan giku 
Kan-giku 
Pyretbrum sinense. 
Late Chrysanthemum ) \ 
Winter ditto 
Kan-giku 
. 
Winter ditto 
(Dec.) 
K m-giku 
. 
ditto . 
(Jan.) 
There are seven flowers which the Japanese regard as suitable for 
felicitous occasions, and of these the Kiku takes the first place. In 
most cases Mr. Conder tells us the white species of every flower takes 
highest rank, but there are exceptions to the rule. The yellow Chrys- 
sinthemum takes precedence of those of any other colour, a distinction 
borrowed probably from the Chinese, beeiuse I find in an old Chinese 
book called ” The Flower Mirror or Lessons in Horticulture,” by 
Ch’eng Fu-iao of Hu-nan, published in 1783, a statement to the effect 
that spring, summer, autumn, and winter all have their Chrysanthe¬ 
mums, but only those that flower in autumn are regarded as the proper 
flower, and of these yellow is the colour most esteemed. This Cninese 
author supplies a descriptive list of varieties grown in his country 
111 years ago, and I notice the list of yellow varieties which comes 
lii'st contains fifty-four varieties, white comes next with thirty-two, then 
ive have red varieties to the number of forty-one, and purple with 
twenty-seven. But I only intended to speak about Chrysanthemums 
in Japan, and as I am drifting off to China it may be wise to draw this 
already too lengthy piece of gossip to a close.—C. Haeman Payne. 
Chrysanthemum Show at Auckland, New Zealand. 
The annual show of the Auckland Chrysanthemum Society, 
affiliated with the N C.S., took place on April 19th, 20th, and 21st at the 
Choral Hall, which was, as usual, decorated very tastefully with ever¬ 
greens and grasses. There were the usual extensive exhibits of bouquets, 
hand baskets, and table decorations. His Excellency the Earl of Glasgow 
was unable to open the show, having only just returned from a pro; 
tracted visit to the Pacific Islands, but Lady Glasgow and party visited 
the Hall on the second day, and were conducted through by the members 
of the Committee. 
The season was a late one, the incurved blooms therefore were not 
up to the mark, the “Queens” in many instances showing lack of 
development. The best incurved blooms were Prince Alfred, Lord 
Wolseley, Jardin des Plantes, Jeanne d’Arc, Nil Desperandum, White 
and Pink Venus, and Antonelli, which always comes splendid here. 
Strangely enough not a single bloom of the Princess ot Wales family 
was staged, the fungus having been particularly hard on this class 
during the present season. 
The champion of the show was Mr. Tom Whiteley of Otahuhu. He 
exhibited an excellent thirty-six (eighteen incurved and eighteen 
Japanese). His Japanese were :—Back row : Vi viand Morel, Thunberg, 
W. Tricker, Domination (grand), Sunflower, E. Molyneux. Middle row : 
Conder, Gloire du Rocher, Comte de Germiny, R. C. Kingston, Lady 
T. Lawrence, Ada Spaulding. Front row : Mrs. A. T. Duxel, Grandi- 
florum, Mrs. Fottler, Stanstead White, Mrs. F. Jameson, and Mrs. Langtry. 
Mr. Wells’ twelve Japanese consisted of Viviand Morel, Domination, 
W. Tricker, International, Sunflower, Anna Hartshorn, King’s Daughter, 
Rohallion (very fine), A. H, Neve, Col. W. B. Smith, W. Falconer, 
and Caesare Costa. 
In the amateur classes Mr. T. Wells of Waikato gained first prize for 
twenty-four Japanese blooms. Among his best were Viviand Morel, Rohal¬ 
lion, Bertha Flight, W.Tricker, Puritan, Anna Hartshorn. Mr. Handly was 
second with good blooms of Sunflower, Viviand Morel, Mrs. Fottler, 
Madame C. Audiguier, Elaine, and Col. W. B. Smith. The bloom of 
Elaine is the first that has been seen for several years past. 
The competition for six Japanese of one variety brought out a large 
number of stands. Mr. Wells was first again, and with the same variety 
as last year, a yellow Japanese of exquisite form, the florets being 
strangely twisted and interlaced. The variety was imported several 
years back from San Francisco by Mr. J. W. Tibbs, who has never been 
able to ascertain the name of this beauty. Mr. Tibbs was second to 
Mr. Wells with a fine stand of Excelsior, Mr. Wells running him close 
for second place with six magnificent Col. W. B. Smith. The show was 
inferior to the last in the number of blooms, but in quality far surpassed 
former exhibitions.—J. W. T. 
[We are very much obliged indeed to our correspondent. It is 
perhaps noteworthy that two letters opened consecutively last Thursday 
morning were both from New Zealand—one on Roses, the other on 
Chrysanthemums. We are always glad to hear from floral friends on 
the “ other side,” and tlieir communications are always welcome in the 
old country .j _ 
THE LAW ON SELLING UNSOUND FRUIT. 
On Monday morning last, in a Court consisting of Justices Hawkins, 
Mathew, Cave, Grantham, Charles, Vaughan Williams, Lawrence, 
Wright, Collins, Bruce, and Kennedy, a considered judgment was given 
in the case of the Queen v. Dennis. The case had reference to the pro¬ 
secution of an English and foreign fruit broker in Covent Garden 
Market for an alleged offence under the Public Health (London) Act in 
selling Grenoble Walnuts to a hawker, some of which were unfit for 
human food. The defendant denied liability, on the ground principally 
that he had exhibited a printed notice on his premises informing all 
buyers of fruit that he sold on the express condition that they should 
sort all goods bought by them and separate the sound portion from the 
unsound. The case was tried before Mr. Warry, Deputy Chairman of 
the South London Sessions, and the Chairman left to the jury to convict 
the defendant unless he proved that he had reason to believe the Walnuts 
to be good. The jury convicted the defendant, and the Chairman stated 
a case in which it was said that it was the practice of foreign fruit 
brokers to sell foreign fruit in the original packages without examination 
except by opening one or more samples. 
Mr. Justice Kennedy was the first to deliver judgment. He said he 
was of opinion that the conviction in this case could not be sustained, 
because under the statute the article found in the possession of the 
purchaser must be an article liable to be seized. The facts of the case 
showed that the Walnuts were not sold or put into a place for sale as 
the food of man, and so they did not constitute an article liable to be 
seized. A jury might not improperly find that the sound Walnuts only 
were bought and intended as the food of man, and that the unsound 
ones were not purchased as the food of man, but were intended for 
destruction. Mr. Justice Bruce concurred. Justice Charles and Law- 
rance stated that they agreed with the judgment to be delivered by 
Mr. Justice Hawkins in favour of the conviction being quashed. 
Mr. Justice Hawkins said that in his opinion there were four reasons 
why the conviction could not be sustained :—First, the Walnuts were 
never liable to be seized, because defendant never intended these 
