Juae 28, 1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
523 
Archie Grant, Gipsy’s Bride, Brilliant, The Mearns, Charmer, Jimmie 
Donaldson, Duchess of Fife, Favourite, Countess of Kintore, H. M. 
Stanley, Stricta argentea, and Dawn of Day. Mr. J. Smellie was second 
with some fine varieties including Cherry Park, a very beautiful soft 
lilac flower of good substance. Mr. J. Forbes, Hawick, was third. 
In the class open to gardeners Mr. A. Borrowman, Beeslack, won the 
Jubilee Medal for besteighteen Show Pansies ; second, Mr. A. Reid, Urie ; 
third, Mr. A. Hay, Linlithgow. Mr. H. Borrowman was also first for 
twelve and six Shows. Mr. J. Lyon, Blantyre, won the Jubilee Medal for 
eighteen Fancies, and the first for twelve Fancies, Mr. A. Hay being 
second for eighteen, and Mr. A. Borrowman for the twelve. Mr. 
A Borrowman was first for the best six Fancy Pansies ; second, Mr. 
J. Lyon. For twelve bunches bedding Violas Mr. A. Gilchrist, Glazert 
Bank, Lennoxtown, was first with a fine stand ; second, Mr. A. Hay ; 
third, Mr. A. Borrowman. In open c’ass Mr. C. Kay won the Jubilee 
Medal for twenty-four new Fancy varieties of 1894, or not yet sent out. 
The best Fancy Pansy was shown by Mr. C. Kay, who had Bernard 
Doulton ; best Show seedling, first Mr. A. Lister with Miss Hall. A 
first-class certificate was awarded to the seedling Fancy, George Scott. 
Messrs. Dicksons & Co. exhibited a fine collection of Violas, not for 
competition; and Mr. M. Cuthbertson, Rothesay, a stand of hardy 
flowers, for which a special award was made. The classes provided for 
amateurs were also well filled.—S. A. 
SOUTHERN PINK SOCIETY. 
OwiNa to the bad weather the principal part of the Show of this 
Society had to be postponed for a fortnight, and was thus held on 
June 26th at the Drill Hall, Westminster, when laced Pinks were 
well exhibited by a limited number of grovfers. The prizewinners in 
the principal classes are given below, but space will not permit of a 
detailed report being given. 
For twelve laced Pinks, distinct, Mr. Charles Turner, Royal 
Nurseries, Slough, was a good first with large, well finished blooms. 
The second prize was accorded to Mr. Fred. Hooper, Widcombe Hill, 
Bath; the third to Mr. B. Ladhams, Shirley, Southampton. In the 
class for twelve laced blooms, in not less than six varieties, the same 
order was maintained as in the previously named class ; as was also the 
case in the classes for six distinct and six in three varieties, each being 
for laced flowers. The same exhibitors divided the honours in the 
various classes for single blooms, some charming examples being 
shown. 
The premier red-laced Pink in the Show was Boiard, staged by Mr. 
•Charles Turner. The competition in the classes for border Pinks was 
not very keen, the prizes being mainly divided between Messrs. R. Dean, 
Ealing: Fred Hooper, Bath ; and B. Ladhams, Shirley. 
Mr. B. Ladhams sent a collection of Pinks “ not for competition,” as 
also did Mr. Fred. Hooper. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Vines. — Early Houses. —The Vines from which the Grapes have 
been cut must be well syringed every evening until thoroughly freed 
from red spider, and afterwards occasionally to preserve the old foliage 
as long as possible in a healthy condition, for when the leaves die early 
from red spider or other cause second growth not unfrequently sets in 
when Vines ought to be going to rest. Admit air to the fullest extent 
possible, and maintain a moderate degree of moisture in the border, 
particularly at the surface, so as to keep the roots there instead of 
allowing it to become dry, and so causing them to descend in quest of 
moisture. A moderate extension of the laterals will not do any harm, 
hut irregularities of growth, and particularly gross ones, should be 
checked by pinching or be entirely removed. 
Grapes Ripening. —A fair amount of atmospheric moisture should 
be maintained both for the benefit of the foliage and the swelling of the 
fruit, which enlarges considerably during the ripening process. Give 
the inside borders, and outside as well if the weather be dry, a good 
soaking of tepid water or liquid manure, and mulch at once with some 
rather dry but short, sweet litter about 2 inches thick. This will 
mostly be sufficient for perfecting the Grapes, but the Vines must not 
suffer from drought at the roots or the berries will be liable, especially 
Muscats, to shrivel. Directly they begin to colour afford abundance 
of air, a little fire heat being essential to their higher perfection, 
especially in flavour, insuring a circulation of warm air, but allow the 
temperature to fall to 65° at night, otherwise securing by artificial 
means a temperature of 70° to 75°, and 80° to 85° through the day for 
Black Hamburghs and similar varieties. Muscats should have a night 
temperature of 70° to 75°, 80° to 85° by day up to 90°, or 95° from sun 
heat. 
Grapes Stoning. —The weather recently has been favourable for 
scorching and scalding. The best means of preventing both is a rather 
high night temperature, early and free ventilation by day, with a little 
at night. It is not advisable to close early at this critical period—the 
close of the stoning process—but do so carefully, and as the liability 
to scalding does not extend over more than a fortnight to three weeks, 
particular attention should be given to ventilation. If very bright 
weather succeeds a dull moist period, a slight shade over the roof lights 
is very beneficial. A double thickness of herring nets will afford all 
the shade required, and it is necessary where the panes of glass are 
large, especially for Muscats just completing the stoning process. 
Late Houses. — Thinning. —In order to secure large and highly 
finished berries thin them well, especially in the interior of the bunches, 
leaving the large-berried varieties about an inch apart. Only such 
varieties as Gros Colman, and with the Vines in the best condition, will 
bear this severe thinning, therefore regard must be had to the variety, 
its likely ultimate size and other circumstances, being guided by 
experience. The oval-berried varieties do not require so much room as 
the round ones, but all should be so thinned that they will have space 
for swelling fully without wedging, and yet be so close that when cut 
the bunch will retain its form. Loose bunches that show the footstalks 
are not so pleasing in appearance as more compact bunches, however 
fine the berries may be. Not only is it necessary to thin the berries, 
but the bunches must be reduced to the number which their size and 
the condition of the Vines satisfy the grower will finish satisfactorily. 
If an error is made, let it be on the safe side, as Vines that are over¬ 
burdened never finish their fruit well, and it is inferior in keeping 
qualities. 
Firing and Ventilating. —It is one of the greatest mistakes to rely on 
solar heat alone for forwarding late Grapes. Cold nights render fires 
necessary, it is folly to let them out now and have to fire hard later on 
when the sun has less power to ripen the fruit. All late Grapes thrive 
best in a high temperature, with abundant food at the roots and a 
genial condition in the atmosphere. Maintain a night temperature of 
65°, and 70° to 75° by day in dull weather. Admit air early, a little at 
the top of the house constantly, increasing the ventilation with the 
temperature, allowing an advance to 85° or 90°, at which keep through 
the day from sun heat, reducing the ventilation with the declining sun. 
Close at 85°, damping the paths then, and again before nightfall. It is 
well to close for a short time and afterwards admit a little air, which 
will prevent a vitiated atmosphere and allow the foliage to dry in the 
morning by the time the sun acts powerfully. Avoid cold draughts or 
sudden depressions of temperature, as they cause rust. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Celery. —If the trenches have been prepared some time since it will 
be possible to put the plants in these. Water the soil in the trenches if 
at all dry, also that in which the plants are growing a few hours prior 
to moving them. Not much is gained by planting double lines in a 
trench, as nearly as many plants can be grown in a single row. If extra 
fine “ sticks ” are required then dispose the plants 10 inches to 12 inches, 
but good serviceable Celery can be had by planting 6 inches to 8 inches 
apart in the rows. Where space is limited the plan of growing Celery 
in beds is to be commended. Dig a trench about 5 feet wide and from 
8 inches to 10 inches deep, very lightly fork in a heavy dressing of 
solid manure, and on this dispose a little of the surface soil. Such a 
bed would hold four rows of plants 8 inches asunder in the rows. They 
must be planted very squarely, or otherwise moulding up will be a 
difficult matter. Celery on raised beds should be kept well supplied 
with water and liquid manure, and be prevented opening badly. 
Commence bandaging with brown paper fully six weeks before the 
best are wanted for shows. 
Zieeks. —Those persons who want these extra fine and early will have 
already grown their plants to a fairly large size, and ought now to 
stimulate growth by occasional soakings of liquid manure. Blanching 
to be effected by means of paper bandages or collars in preference to 
moulding up, and this may be commenced before the plants have 
attained their full size. For ordinary purposes Leeks succeed well on a 
well manured, deeply dug, outside border, even if this does face north¬ 
wards. When the plants in the open ground seed beds are about 
8 inches high moisten the soil, and then draw the strongest. Lightly 
shorten the leaves, and then drop them singly into holes 1 foot apart 
each way, and formed 6 inches deep with a stout dibber. Little or no 
fixing of soil about the roots should be attempted, as the holes must 
not be tightly closed. A watering will usually wash enough soil down 
to the roots. 
Kate Peas. —What are sometimes intended to produce late crops 
not unfrequently come into bearing prematurely. In very hot weather 
this cannot well be prevented, but much may be done towards prevent¬ 
ing premature flowering by means of a heavy mulching of strawy manure 
and repeated thorough soakings of water. If the roots and surroundings 
can be kept cool and moist that is a good preventive of mildew, as well 
as light and early cropping. Especially ought those rows now only 
coming through the ground or requiring staking to be well looked after. 
If they become dry at the roots when in quite a young state it is not 
to be expected that they will thrive. It is not yet too late to sow such 
late mildew-resisting varieties as Ne Plus Ultra, Latest of All, and 
Reading Giant—at any rate, as far as the more southern counties are 
concerned. If the second early wrinkled Marrows and the early round- 
seeded varieties are sown much before the second week in July, they 
will be cropping before late in October and during November. The flat 
ridges between widely disposed Celery trenches answer well for late 
