524 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
June 28, 1894. 
Peas. For the taller varieties of the latter a width of 6 feet is 
desirable. 
Voungr Carrots. —These are always appreciated, and if sowings of 
Horn varieties or even intermediate and late varieties are made before 
June is past, and again three weeks later, very serviceable young 
Carrots should be available in the autumn, and probably through the 
winter. A somewhat sandy or other free-working soil best suits these 
crops. Open shallow drills 8 inches apart, give a gentle watering if at 
all dry, and sow the seeds moderately freely. Carrot and other grubs 
are troublesome in the case of these late crops, but may be checked 
considerably by dusting wood ashes along the drills with the seeds. 
Avoid overdoing this though, as wood ashes that have not been drenched 
by rain are very strong. 
Parsley. —It is well to err on the right side with regard to Parsley, 
that is to say, it is better to have too much than too little. When raised 
early and grown strongly the most improved strains are not sufficiently 
frost-resisting. By sowing more seeds at once and thinning early there 
is every likelihood of these late raised rows standing severe frosts better 
than the much older and stronger plants. It sometimes happens that 
the very slight protection afforded by fruit trees will be sufficient to save 
Parsley from a severe frost, and seeing that transplanting can be done 
in almost any weather at this time of year. Some of the thinnings 
from the early sown rows or beds might well be transferred to the 
shelter of fruit trees alongside pathways or elsewhere. Water the 
ground before carefully easing the plants out of it, also the new site 
for them, if at all dry, and again after planting. 
APIARIAN NOTES. 
I DISCONTINUED feeding my bees on the 21sfc, tut shall 
apparently have to resume it as the weather continues wet and 
cold. In 1893 at this date my prime swarms of May had swarmed 
again, and second and tfcird swarms were in good condition. On 
the 7th of July the Clover yield was complete, and the last week 
of August finished it for the year. Ten months since bees had a 
good honey day, and our only hope rests with the next two months. 
This year, at the end of June, we have not had a swarm, and not 
for a single day have bees gathered a surplus. From nearly every 
quarter in Scotland the cry is the same, exceptions being on the 
Firth of Clyde and Lochlomond side. At the former place a 
surplus of honey is in supers, the cause of this being the higher 
temperature than further inland, and the effects of the sea breeze 
in warding off frosts, preserving flowers from injury. 
But few days pass without my having some visitors. One of 
these, an old teacher, named Mr. Waddell, chatting over the two- 
queens-in-one-hive system, queried, “ How long is it since I had my 
first frame hives from you p It is more than thirty years since, 
and I have them yet.” I replied, “ The wood that the hives were 
made of at that time was of superior quality from what is now 
used. Time has revealed facts, as it is doing in the two-queens-in- 
one-hive system, first announced in Journal of Horticulture." 
Storing of Honey. 
I wish now to supplement the article in the Journal of June 7th, 
where I showed the difference of the in-gathering of honey relative 
to the different strength of colonies. I showed the smallest hive 
to be insufficient for the half of the eggs a queen bee deposits ; 
but no allowance was made for temporary storing of honey as the 
bees bring it from the fields. According to the modern idea bees 
empty their newly gathered honey from their sacs into cells in the 
body of the hive, then carry it up to the supers at night. Honey 
so stored occupies about three times the space as sealed honey does. 
A moderate sized colony of bees gathers from 5 lbs. and upwards 
per day in fine weather. Sixteen inches constitute about the 
average size of a pound of sealed honey, which brings the space 
required at this low estimate to three frames, thus reducing the 
brood nest to about five frames. 
In 1876 I had a hive which took possession and stored honey in 
combs nearly 3 feet from their hive. The idea that bees require 
first to store their honey in the body of the hive then carry it to 
the supers is absurd. Still more unreasonable is the idea that all 
the honey carried in by the bees has to be fed to young bees for 
them to dispose of it. One writer goes so far as to say that he has 
watchf^d them do this “ thousands of times ; ” but dees that witness 
know whether it was honey or water the bees transmitted to their 
younger sisters, which, according to the same writer, live forty 
days only ? My experience given in the foregoing answers the 
argument in this case equally as strong as in the former as being 
absurd and as untenable. Yet these assertions come from the pens 
of selected teachers of bee-husbandry.—A Lanarkshire Bee¬ 
keeper. 
*0~A11 correspondence should be directed either to “ The 
Editor’’ or to “The Publisher.” Letters addressed to 
Dr. Hogg or members of the staff often remain unopened 
unavoidably. We request that no one will write privately 
to any of our correspondents, as doing so subjects them to 
unjustifiable trouble and expense. 
Correspondents should not mix up on the same sheet questions 
relating to Gardening and those on Bee subjects, and should 
never send more than two or three questions at once. All 
articles intended for insertion should be written on one side of 
the paper only. We cannot reply to questions through the post, 
and we do not undertake to return rejected communications. 
Sulphur on Vines (^Delta ).—When the sulphur has remained on 
the leaves long enough to destroy the mildew it may be washed off as 
you propose. 
Chlmonanthus fragrans Seeding (6*. 0.'). — Yes, the plant 
frequently produces seed pods. For reply to your other question see 
“ Names of Plants.” 
Tea Roses for Standards (F. M.'). —There was an accidental 
omission in the reply on page 608 last week. The answer was intended 
to convey the experience of more than one Eose grower that the varieties 
named usually do better as standards than dwarfs. 
Seedling Pinks —The flowers show a considerable enlarge¬ 
ment in size compared with those of the parent, and they are fragrant; 
but the split pod on each one is a defective point. Roses are florists’ 
flowers, which can be only named by comparison with flowers at a show 
or in a nursery. 
Crapes Scalded (^Foreman ').—The samples arrive as we are pre¬ 
paring for press. It is a serious case of scalding, and we can only refer 
you to our reply to “ X, Y. Z.” on page 609, last week, as to contribu- 
tary courses, apart from the removal of leaves. The night temperature 
has been too low at a critical time. 
Treatise on Mushrooms (P. M., New Yorhy .—We suspect there 
are not many persons acquainted with the subject who would hesitate 
to deseribe Wright’s seventh edition of “ Mushrooms for the Million,” 
recently issued, as the most comprehensive and useful manual on the 
subject on which it treats. It is sent to the United States for Is. 3d., 
post free, from this office. 
iVprlcot Branches Dying (^Yorhsliire'). — The dying of the 
branches is an ancient grievance, and a modern one, too, we fear. It is 
caused by gumming, and most difficult, if not impossible, to prevent in 
the case of old trees, if not in young ones. The fruits falling from the 
other parts of the tree may be partly the result of a chill through a 
frosty night, and partly the result of a lack of nutrition. More copious 
supplies of sewage might benefit the tree. 
Zrlses for Market Purposes (^Suhscriher ').—Flag Irises are 
among the most popular, in a cut state. Some of the best of these 
are Germanica, the blue Flag ; Albicans (syn. Princess of Wales), 
pure white ; Gracchus, primrose and white ; Darius, chrome yellow and 
lilac ; Hector, sulphureous yellow and velvety crimson ; Purple King, 
purple ; Fairy Queen, lavender and violet ; Mons. Cherwin, old gold and 
brown, reticulated white; Ada, and Mrs. H. Darwin. Spanish Irises 
are not less serviceable in a cut state, and good varieties of these are 
Blanchard, Antonia Johannia, La Dame Blanche, Leander, and Prince of 
Orange. Varieties in mixture, however, are cheaper to purchase in the 
form of bulbs, and flower buyers in markets do not trouble themselves 
about the names of varieties. English Irises are also beautiful, and 
form a natural succession to the Spanish. 
“ Drooping ” Disease In Tomatses (^EcJio ).—In a thorough 
examination of your plant we found no pronounced disease. The 
roots were quite clean and healthy, free from nodules, excrescences, and 
root-knots. On the root-stem and at the part where the radicle or 
tap root had assumed the fibrous formation we found “ canker,” which 
had destroyed the bark, quite encircling the part affected and causing 
the destruction of the cambial layers, also the underlying woody tissue. 
In this there were some mycelial threads, possibly those of the Potato 
disease fungus (Phytophthora infestans), but that is not by any means 
certain, as there were no outgrowths, “fruits” or reproductive bodies, 
and could not produce the canker. This yielded, in an alcoholic 
solution, a vast number of minute bodies or spores, which belong to the 
Myxomycetes or family of slime fungi. There was, however, no “slime,’' 
nor any abnormal swelling of the tissues or cells, or any ferment, such 
as usually accompanies attacks of Schizomycetes (bacteria). This 
condition may have been due to the disease being only in the initiatory 
stage, and could only be determined by examination of a plant which 
had succumbed or was succumbing to it in acute form. The stem of the 
