July 7, 1887. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND "COTTAGE GARDENER. 
17 
termed the gross shoots ; they were pinched or disbudded long before i 
they fire the next in order as to strength. The second operation takes 
hold of a second series, and the third is of a similar character, only it 
™ a - v i 6 - n 1 0tef * t hat the second is a much lighter duty than the first, and 
the third much lighter than the second. One thing must here be 
observed; I never pinch any shoots that are considered too weak, 
especially those in an inferior position towards the bottom of the trees ; 
these are allowed to ramble to the end of the season unmolested — 
•N. E. R. 
TREES IN PARIS. 
Trees in London are by no means so plentiful. as they should be 
«ind it is only within the last year or two that any steps have been taken 
to plant the various spaces with suitable trees and shrubs. In Paris 
however, sajs a correspondent of a daily paper, the trees have long been 
the pride and delight of natives and the wonder and admiration of 
foreigners and provincials. In no other city in the world is there to be 
5een such a display of arboreal verdure. It meets the eye in every 
direction, and in some parts of the city even lingers long after autumn 
has begun to leave the traces of its fiery fingers on the foliage of the 
W, h ? the more opulent portions of the city the tree foliage has a 
tun fresh look, even m midsummer, and on the outer boulevards, where 
inferior growths are used, there is a wealth of greenness which often 
compensates for grimy surroundings. The cause of the freshness of the 
f ans trees is not far to seek. Around the base of the most stunted 
plant there is always a circular pit, not very deep, and covered v r ith iron 
bars, which look like the spokes of a wheel. By means of this pit the 
trees receive refreshing moisture, and their, roots have what may be 
termed stretching-room. But independently of these precautions the 
trees are well looked after by the city authorities, whose gardeners 
watch and tend them with jealous care. One of these horticultural 
caretakers gives an interesting account of arboriculture in the rnetro- 
P r io er ? • Vel '° com l i:ll '»tively few trees in Paris before the Exhibition 
of 18.m, and it was only at that period that the asdiles began seriously 
o think of planning those shady nooks and corners which now relieve 
the stucco and the general monotony of metropolitan buildings. Nur¬ 
series were established in various places. In the Bois de Boulogne, near 
the Longchamps racecourse, was located a kind of hospital for sick trees. 
^ ... sanc U r s °il near Auteuil were planted Pines and resinous shrubs ; 
at V incennes, and also at Passy, were cultivated ornamental or blossom¬ 
ing trees : while at Petit Bry, on the banks of the Marne, there was a 
special establishment devoted to the raising of trees intended to decorate 
the great highways which had been designed by the architectural in¬ 
vention of Baron Haussmann and the political exigencies of Napoleon 111. 
the number of trees reared for the boulevards exceeds 100,000. They 
are usually Planes, Chestnuts, Elms, Poplars, and Sycamores, and their 
transplantation to Paris costs about £7. for each tree. The pearl of all 
the gardens in Paris is, of course, the Parc ,Mon(,-eau, with its wealth of 
1 al “ s and Eucalyptus trees, its Banana from Abysinnia, and its tasteful 
parterres. - > 
July 7th, *Batb,*Faruham,*Farn- 
ingham, * Ipswich, 
Malvern, * Keigate, 
and * Winchester, 
i, , 3th, *Hitchinand*Maidstone 
„ 9th, Crystal Palace. 
„ 12th, * Broekham, * Diss, and 
* Oxford. 
„ 13th, * Edinburgh (N.R.S.). 
,, 14th, Alexandra Palace, Bir¬ 
mingham and Harles- 
ton. 
ROSE SHOW FIXTURES. 
July 15th, * Helensburgh, * Here' 
ford, and Hull. 
„ 1C h T * New Brighton. 
., 18th, * Christleton. 
„ 19thi * Leek. 
,, 20th, * Biikenhead. 
„ 21st, Carlton - in - Lindricks 
(Notts) and Salter- 
liehble (Yorks). 
„ 22nd, Manchester 
„ 23rd, * Ulverstone. 
Those exhibitions which are held by the National Rose Society, o’-by 
v-ocieties affiliated w.th it, are di-tinguishfd by an asterisk. IntbeabJve 
list there is one show extending over three days at the Alexandra Palace. 
n each of these cases the date of the first day’s exhibition only is given. No 
less than six fixtures have been altered since mv fast fist appeared at the 
end of March-viz., Broekham, Crystal Palace, Hereford, Hitchin, Christie- 
toD, and Keigate. 
- c , las > ing of fixtures is much to be regretted, but still more serious 
is, - think, the practice of altering fixtures which have been once definitely 
decided upon and made generally known.— Edward Mawley. Rosebank, 
Berkhamsted , Herts. ’ 
jO WQRi 
K/ofUfffiV/EEK.] 
mT 
IS 
IPhxw 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
I he Apple (. hop.— There is every prospect of an exceptionally good 
crop of Apples being obtained, though in many districts the trees already 
give signs of suffering from drought. Observant cultivators will have 
already noted that trees which bore heavily last year are in many 
instances very thinly cropped this season. They flowered as freely as 
the rest, but the blooms were weakly, and have all, or nearly all, fallen 
This points plainly to the need of severe thinning in the case of all 
restricted trees, and the sooner this is done the better. Only the very 
finest fruit will fetch good prices, and if the thinning is done in no half¬ 
hearted manner, not only will much finer fruit be secured, but the 
trees will not have been unduly exhausted in the vain attempt to per¬ 
fect all that set. Clusters of fruit afford good harbour for maggots, and 
all that are accessible ought, therefore, to be reduced to a single fruit. 
Cordon, espalier, bush, and pyramidal trained trees should also have 
all lateral growths not required for furnishing the trees shortened back 
to the fourth or fifth joint, preventing the waste of vigour, and 
admitting more light and air to the trees. Any well placed shoots may 
well be left untouched both now and at the winter pruning, and these 
will most probably be covered with fruit spurs in less than two years. 
Some seasons well ripened and unpruned young growths will flower the 
following season. We have plenty such fruiting this summer. Fruit 
trees on heavy land are gradually recovering their- original profitable 
state, hot and dry weather really suiting them. 
Summer-pruning Wall Trees.— If the lateral growth of these 
was not duly thinned out and stopped when it could be done with the 
finger and thumb, it. ought to be done at once, and with the knife. All 
shoots not needed for, furnishing vacant wall space ought to be thinned, 
and those left cut hack to within 4 inches of the old wood. The leading 
growths are now sufficiently matured to be safely nailed or tied in, and 
if left much longer some will break rather than fit closely to the walls. 
The strong central growth of the espalier or horizontally trained trees 
will now in early localities he fit for shortening back to about 12 inches 
of its base.. From the breaks resulting select the three best placed, one 
for continuing the lead, and the others for side branches, in this manner 
securing two tiers of branches in one season. Only in the case of vigorous 
trees in a. sunny position should this plan he adopted. Vigorous Peach 
and Apricot trees stopped early will soon require fresh attention, 
otherwise the increased number of young shoots will quite smother the 
fruit.. Peaches are extra plentiful. In very few instances will they be 
sufficiently thinned out, and overcropped trees will make but little 
growth requiring removal; in fact, unless plenty of water and liquid 
manure be given the trees, they will come to a standstill as far as wood 
growth is eoncerned. 
Insect Pests. —A few weeks ago these were not so plentiful as 
usual, hut the case is very different now, thrips, aphides of sorts, and 
reu spider being most abundant. Nor are they easily exterminated. 
The first proceeding should he to prune and nail the trees as just 
advised, this removing much of the green and black fly from the 
Cherries and Plums, and rendering it much easier to clean the rest of 
the tree. Clear water applied forcibly, and rather often, with a garden 
engine, if available, usually effectively clears the trees of nearly all the 
insects named, and if this fails, try a weak dose of tobacco water or,a 
solution of quassia chips and softsoap. Tobacco water can either be 
purchased from the vendors of horticultural requisites, or be made from 
shag tobacco or tobacco paper. About 4 ozs. of the former, or a pound 
of the paper or rag soaked in a gallon of hot water, in which has been 
dissolved 4 ozs. of softsoap, will make a powerful insecticide, and which 
may be diluted with soft water according to its tested strength. The 
quassia chips, at the rate of G ozs. to the gallon of water, should be 
boiled for half an hour, G.ozs. of softsoap being added at the last. This 
solution, after being strained from the chips, may be stored and used at 
the rate of a 5-inch potful to three gallons of syringing water. In this 
and other cases it is best to test the strength or efficacy of the insecti¬ 
cides, and mix accordingly. The fruit being well advanced, it is advis¬ 
able to freely syringe or engine the trees on the mornings following the 
evening application of insecticides. Red spider will not be much dis¬ 
turbed by any kind of insecticide, a coating of sulphur only checking 
it, and as this ought not to be applied till the fruit is off the trees^ 
plenty of moisture at the roots and frequent svringings will keep the 
trees in good health. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Pine?. —Preparations should be made for starting the suckers, which 
will soon be fit to be taken from the plants which formed the early sec¬ 
tion of summer fruiters, the necessary provision being made at once, so 
that the plants may have the benefit of the undiminished solar heat in 
developing growth for as long a time as possible, The means essential 
are a fermenting bed in a low damp house or pit, and the heat of it in a 
steady state of about 90° at 6 inches from the surface, but a few degrees 
higher, or 95°, may be allowed at the start, care being taken that it is 
not exceeded. The plants or suckers should be taken from the parent 
plants and then placed directly into 5 or 7-inch pots according to the 
size of the plants or suqkers, and be watered once in order to settle 
the soil about them. Good fibrous loam torn up by hand without any 
admixture is the most suitable compost, which should be firmly embedded 
in the pot, which will tend to cause speedier root-action and sturdier and 
more satisfactory growth in the plants. For a week or ten days the 
house or pit should be kept rather close and moist ; shade effectually 
and give but little air, sprinkling through a fine syringe once or twice a 
day according to external influences. As soon as growth takes place 
more ventilation with less shade is desirable, which must be proceeded 
with gradually until the growth is well decided and the plants are inured 
to the sun, when ordinary treatment should be given. Once the plants 
are started they must not be allowed to become root-bound, but the 
growth accelerated as far as is consistent with a sturdy growth ; conse¬ 
quently there must not be any delay in shifting into the largest pots 
immediately the roots have taken firm hold of the soil and before they 
become matted together at the sides of the pots, which for Queens anil 
Black Jamaica may be 10-inch, and for other sorts 11 or 12-inch, using 
