September 1, 1887. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
197 
Apples and Pears require to be carefully watched so as to gather them at 
nf Some ° fthe m are best eaten from the tree, and none 
of them will keep long ; when their freshness is gone so is their flavour 
The keeping of Apples and Pears requires considerable care and attention 
Various modes have been adopted in various situations. Some keep their 
frmt in winter m cellars or caves below ground ; others in lofts or the 
most elevated rooms m buildings. Some dispose them in single layers • 
others m heaps. They have been kept in sand, chaff, kilu-dfied Xw’ 
dried fern and in powdered charcoal. The latter substance is good asTt 
niw 8 w K&SC F ^ ,P roduct of ^cay. Chaff is objectionable, and ™ 
other substance that like it engenders a musty taste. Dried fern answers 
very welt, and so does thoroughly dried Wheat straw. Whichever mode 
be adopted, the following principles should be kept in mind —1 as re^rds 
temperature; 2 moisture ; 3, ventilation. Moisture is greatly’affectfd bv 
temperature. If a goblet of very cold water is brought into a^varm room 
the glass becomes wet by the condensation of moisture. If a cold Apple or 
IW the Warm air ’ ? r lf warnl air is introduced to the 1 cold 
fruit, the latter will become wet from the same cause. So lon<* as the fruit 
and air are of the same temperature no deposition takes place In frostv 
weather fruit becomes cold, and when a thaw sets in, accompanied with a 
warm south-west wind, Apples and Pears are seen quite wet from con 
densation. This, of course, affects their sound keeping • hence the neees 
sity of avoiding vicissitudes of temperature. Warnfair should be excluded 
when the fruit is cold, or only admitted gradually, taking the opportunitv 
ol doing so when the external air is dry. A fruit room should befdrv and 
ibo U f 6 n0t l6 i t0 be affected SU( iden changes. One ih which 
the fimt kept exceedingly well was not large. It was fitted un with 
shelves, on which the fruit was laid on clean-drawn straw. It was a loft 
TO^L a Jo° a °r h 0 ? 86 ’,®° tha * the 0001 air circulated below the floor. The 
walls were lined with wood, so as to leave a half-inch cavity between the 
wooden lining and the wall, and the roof had a doublJ ceiling Thus 
enclosed by non-conducting materials, no sudden changes of temperature 
took great effect on the fruit, for a night’s frost did not alter the thermo 
metsr one degree. The room was kept dark. In this place beautiful Marie 
Louise Pears were kept in good condition till Christoas Ventilation 
should be given when the air of the room is not pure ; but this should be 
done at the warmest period of the day, when the external and internal 
temperature correspond as nearly as possible. A steady temperature in a 
dry situation is the main point to be attended to in keeping fruit Where 
a regularly constructed fruit room is not at command Aplles and Pears 
may be kept very well m baskets lined with dry straw, and put in a cool 
place, unless some Pears be required for any occasion earlier than usual 
then, by bringing them m a basket well packed in dry soil into a warm 
cbied. Say ° ’ th6y WlU 80011 be ° 0me fit - The straw w °uld be better kiln- 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be 
named must m all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the frmt are sent by post or not. The names are not necls- 
p lrei1 for Pul>l lcat ion,initials sufficing for that. Only six speci¬ 
fy qf 1 ^ named at once, and beyond that number cannot l/preseiwed. 
4 Femte Pippfn. ra ° J ’ Yorkshh ' e Greening; 3, Stirling Castle; 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants not 
th<lt - baVe orl S mated fr° m seed and termed florists’' flowers* 
Flowery specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
boxes tJT Spe ° imens should arrive ii? a fresh state in S 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing drv 
^° rSt - N0t T r6 tha » -specimens can be named a/cJncZ 
Orchid is Camaridium ochroleucum, 
* x v Ascl( ?P ias , perhaps A. curassavica, but the scrap 
if +u° T? 0 !® 1 ? 1 ? f 2 r us to be P 0S1 frve on the point. (IF. K) —The name 
folium° r 2 h H™^ a D SetUm iu te g erri ?ium. (H. C.).—l, Epilobium angusti- 
um, 2, Hyacmtlius candicans ; 3, Heliantlius multiflorus • 4 Sednm 
(^chubfe^ancSZr 1 ’ SelagineUa Cajsia ’ Weller). A ran ja 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 31 st 
BUSINESS stealing down, with good supplies of all classes of fruit. 
FRUIT. 
Nova Scotia and 
Cherries, \ sieve * 
Cobs, 100 lbs. .. 
Grapes, per lb... 
Artichokes, dozeD .. .. 
Asparagus, bundle .. .. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
Beet, Red, dozen .. 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
Brussels Sprouts, 1 sieve 
Cabbage,dozen .. .. 
Capsicums, per 100 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
Cauliflowers, dozen 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
Coleworte, dcz. bunches 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
Endive, dozen. 
Herbs, bunch.* 
Leek?, bunch .. ## 
a. 
s. d. 
1 
6 
to 3 6 
0 
0 
0 0 
0 
0 
0 0 
0 
0 
0 0 
1 
6 
2 0 
0 
6 
2 6 
10 
0 
15 0 
2 
0 
3 0 | 
VKGET, 
8. 
d. 
s. d. 
1 
0 
to 2 0 
0 
0 
0 0 
0 
8 
0 0 
I 
6 
2 0 
0 
0 
0 0 
0 
0 
0 0 
1 
6 
0 0 
1 
6 
2 0 
0 
4 
0 0 
8 
0 
4 0 
1 
8 
2 0 
9 
0 
4 0 
0 
4 
0 6 
1 
0 
2 0 
0 
s 
0 0 
0 
8 
0 4 
Oranges, per 100 .. 
Peaches, dozen ., .. ^ „ 
Pears, dozen.} q 
Pine Apples, English, 
„ Per ft.. 
Plums, \ sieve.3 p 
St. Michael Pines, each S 0 
Strawberries, per ft. ..00 
p. a. s. a. 
6 0 to 12 0 
2 0 6 0 
1 6 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
Mushrooms, punnet 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
Onions, bunch. 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
Potatoes, per cwt,,. ., 
„ Kidney, rer cwt. 
Rhubarb, bundie .. .. 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
Scorzonera, bundle 
Seakale, basket .. .. 
Shallots, per ft. 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
Tomatoes, per ft. 
Tumps, bunch .. i’ 
B. ( 1 . 
0 9 to 
6 
2 
3 
O 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
8 
0 
s 
0 
4 
4 
0 
s 
0 
0 
1 8 
0 0 
s. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 6 
Arbor vitas (golden) dozen 6 
,. (common),dozen.. 0 
Asters, dozen pots .. .. 8 
Azalea, dozen.0 
Begonias, dozen .. .. 4 
Calceolaria, dozen .. .. 3 
Cineraria, dozen .. .. 0 
Creeping Jenny, dozen .. 0 
Dracaena teruiinalis, doz. 30 
■1 viridis, dozen.. 12 
Erica, various, dozen .. 0 
Euonymus, in var., dozen 6 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 4 
Ficus elastica, each .. 1 
Foliage Plants, var., each 2 
Abntilons, 12 bunches 
Anemones, 12 bunches 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms 
Asters, 12 bunches .. 
K French, bunch 
Azalea, 12 sprays 
Biusbells, 12 bunches 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
Camellias, blooms .. 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
,, 12 bunches 
Cornflower, IS bunches 
Dahlia, 12 bunches 
Daisies, 12 bunches 
Encbaris, dozen .. , 
Gardenias, 12 blooms . 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays 
Hyacinths, Roman, 1 
sprays 
Iris, 12 bunches 
Lapageria, white, ] 
blooms. 
Lapageria, coloured, ] 
blooms. 
Lilac (white), Frencl 
bunch . 
Lilium longiflorum, 1 
PLANTS 
d. s. d. 
0 to 12 0 
0 9 
IN POTS. 
0 
0 0 
6 0 
0 0 
9 0 
Fuchsia, dozen. 
Geranium (Ivy), dozen ., 
>, Tricolor, dozen 
Gladiolus. 
Hydrangea, dozen .. .. 
Lilies Valley, dozen 
Lilium Iansifolium, doz. 12 
,. langiflorum, doz. 0 
Lobelia, dozen.0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 6 
Mignonette, dozen .. .. 3 
Mnsk, dozen .2 
Myrtles, dozen.6 
Palms, in var., each .. 2 
Pelargoniums, dozen .. 6 
„ scarlet, doz. 3 
Spiraea, dozen.0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
0 0 
60 0 
24 0 
0 0 
18 0 
24 0 
18 0 
7 0 
10 0 
6 0 
6 0 
6 0 
12 0 
0 0 
18 0 
d. s. d 
0 to 9 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
12 0 
6 0 
4 0 
12 0 
21 0 
12 0 
9 0 
0 0 
Lilium Iancifolium, 
blooms 
P. 
d. 
0. 
a. 
, , 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
, . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
. . 
8 
0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
6 
0 
. t 
1 
6 
2 
0 
, . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
, , 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
. . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
,, 
4 
0 
6 
0 
, , 
1 
6 
3 
0 
8 
0 
6 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
a 
2 
0 
6 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
O 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
2 
0 
4 
0 
i 
8 
S 
0 
0 0 
0 0 
6 0 
8 0 
3 0 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
6 0 
s. d. s. d. 
Lilies, White. 12 bunches 0 0 to 0 0 
„ Orange, 12 bunches 0 0 0 0 
Lily of Valley, 12 sprays 0 0 
n ,1 12 bunches 0 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunohes 2 0 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 1 0 
Myosotis, 12 bunches .. 2 0 
Narciss, 12 bunches .. 0 0 
„ White, English, bch. 0 0 
Pansies, 12 bunches ., 0 0 
Peas, Sweet, 12 bunches.. 8 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 0 9 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 0 3 
Pinks, White, 12 bunches 0 0 
>1 various, 12 bunch 2 0 
Peeony, 12 bunches.. .. 0 0 
Poinssttia, 12 blooms .. 0 0 
Primula (single), bunch.. 0 0 
(double), bunch .. 0 9 
Polyanthus, 12 bunches.. 0 0 
Ranunculus, 12 bunches 0 0 
Roses, 12 bunches .. .. 2 0 
1, (indoor), dozen .. 0 9 
,, Tea, dozen .. .. 1 6 
n red dozen .. .. 0 0 
„ de Mois. 12 bunches 0 0 
Stepbauotis, 12 sprays .. 2 6 
Tropaeolum, 12 bunches 0 0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 0 6 
Tulips, dozen blooms ..0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
0 0 
GREEN CROPS. 
Young lasers have suffered so severely from the effects 
of the drought that on many farms much of the plant is 
dead, and many old Clover layers will be kept over for 
another year. This is altogether contrary to custom, 
both Red and White Clover being treated as biennials and 
ploughed in for a corn crop after the second year. The 
intention of many farmers to leave them for another year 
has given rise to much discussion about the matter, and 
we have heard more than one good farmer assert that it 
vill not answer to do so. Like most positive assertions 
this is not altogether correct, for there can be no doubt 
that some old layers will answer well enough while others 
will prove a partial or entire failure. A little common 
sense will show how this will happen. If a layer is on 
heavy land that is badly drained or in a low damp situ¬ 
ation, the plant is likely to suffer so much from frost next 
winter that much of it will die and the layer be spoilt; 
but if on light land or mixed soil that is well drained, and 
in a tolerably elevated position, the layer is unlikely to 
suffer from frost and to answer well another year. To 
insure a really vigorous growth it must have a liberal 
dressing of manure, either of home-mixed chemicals or of 
wood ashes saturated with sewage or urine from cattle 
yards, early next spring before active growth begins. 
There can be no doubt that the very general preva¬ 
lence of drought throughout the country will induce more 
than the usual attention to making some provision of 
green crops for next spring and summer. Such crops are 
