294 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 
[ October 6, 1887. 
Cambridgeshire —Mr. J. Taylor, Sefton Park Gardens, Newmarket. 
Cheshire. —Mr. J. Atkins, Tatton Park Gardens, Knutsford. 
Derbyshire. —Mr. J. Id. Goodacre, Elvaston Castle Gardens, Derby ; 
Mr. W. Bennett, Rangemore Gardens. Burton-on-Trent ; Mr. G. Bolas, 
Hopton Hall Gardens, Wirksworth. 
Devonshire. —Mr. Peter Veitch, Royal Nurseries. Exeter : Mr. D. C. 
Powell, Powd rham Castle Gardens. Kenton ; Mr. G. Baker, Membland 
Hall Gardens, Ivybridge ; Mr. W. Napper, Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and 
Co., The Nurseries, Exeter. 
Dorsetshire. —Mr. T. Denny, Down House Gardens, Bland ford. 
Es ex. —Mr. S. Coulter, Copt Hall Gardens, Epping. 
Gloucestershire. —Mr. W. Foster, nurseryman, Stroud. 
Hampshire. —Mr. W. Wildsmith, Heckfield Place Gardens, Winch- 
field ; M-. W. Harp. Hume Tower Gardens, Bournemouth ; Mr. G. IT. 
Richards, Sonerley Gardens, Ringwood. 
Herefi rdshire. —Mr. W. Coleman, Eastnor Castle Gardens, Ledbury ; 
Mr. C. Denning, Holme Lacy Gardens, Hereford. 
n, rifordshire .— Mr. J. C. Mundell, Moor Park Gardens, Rickmans- 
worth. 
Ji'"t. —Mr. R. Cannell. The Nurseries, Swanley ; Mr. F. Miller, 
Northdo vn Park Garde is, Margate, 
Lancashire. — Mr. Atherton, Fern Bank Gardens, Cadley ; Mr, 
Goldby, Walton’s Nursery, Burnley. 
Linen 1 nshire. —Mr. D. Lumsden, Bloxholm Hill Gardens, Sleaford ; 
Mr. H. Divers,, Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford. 
No <folk. —Mr. S. Castle, West Lynn, King’s Ljnn; Mr. C. Penny, 
Sandringham Gardens, King’s Lynn. 
Northamptonshire. —Mr. H. Birch, Castle Ashby Gardens. 
Somersetshire. —■Mr. J. ,C. Clarke, Cothelstone House Gardens, Taun¬ 
ton ; Mr. .J. Id. Yallance, Redland Lodge Gardens, Bristol ; Mr. W. 
Iggulden, Marston Gardens, Frome ; Mr. j. Ellicott, Crowe Hall Gar¬ 
dens, Bath. 
Suffolk. —Mr. D. T. Fish, Hardwick House Gardens, Bury St, Ed¬ 
munds ; Mr. W. Low, Euston Hall Gardens, Thetford ; Mr. J. Bole, 
Somerlevton Hall Gardens, Lowestoft. 
Staffordshire. —Mr. J. Udale, Elford Hall Gardens, Tamworth. 
Surrey. —Mr. H. Appleby, Boxhill Nursery, Dorking Mr. J. Bur¬ 
nett, The Deepdene Gardens, Dorking ; Mr. G. W. Cummins, The Grange 
Gardens, Wallington ; Mr. F. Ross, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletching- 
ley ; Mr. W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, Sydenham. 
Sussex. —Mr. A. J. Brown, The Lodge, Finches, Lindfiekl. 
Warwickshire. —Mr. R. Greenfield, Priory Gardens, Warwick. 
Westmoreland. —Mr. W. A. Miller, Underley Hall Gardens, Kirlcby 
Lonsdale. 
Wilts.— My. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens, Salisbury ; Mr. 
A. Read, Grittleton House Gardens, Chippenham. 
Worcestershire. —Mr. W. Crump, Madresfield Court Gardens, Great 
Malvern ; Mr. J. Austen, Witley Court Gardens, Stourport. 
Yorkshire. —Mr. Id. j. Clavton. Grimston Park Gardens, Tadcaster ; 
Mr. R. Scott, Morrfield Gardens, Manaingham, Bradford ; Mr. G. Hem¬ 
ming, Allerton Hall Gardens, Leeds ; Mr. E. Austen, Browville House 
Gardens, Sheffield. 
EXHIBITS AND JUDGING. 
It was generally understood hereabouts that the £50' given by the 
Durham and Northumberland Horticultural Society Committee was in 
honour of Her Majesty’s Jubilee, and not at all to be taken as a pr - 
cedent to be followed in the future. Being honoured by three such 
good men entering and cant sting, the gentlemen who so ablv represent 
this flourishing Society made it no secret that they considered them- 
•selves amply justified and compensated for their loyal venture. The 
prize was a special one for a very special occasion. The same schedule 
ofEering four and five prizes for ordinary exhibits, undoubtedly shows 
the opinion of the Committee, allowing the exhibitor more latitude in 
the choice of the exhibits he may set up, and lengthening the prize list, 
.to give to all who exhibit worthily a reasonable chance of securing a 
prize, are generally the changes that are necessary to secure more 
successful exhibitions. 
The twenty bunches of Grapes at the Crystal Palace being also a 
specialty, it may b) counted as certain that there would have been a 
special competition, but it is an old arrangement, hitherto faulty, and 
ought now to be considered as dead. The Edinbur h prize for “six 
black and six white” is also too restricted. Twelve bunches, not less 
than six varjf?tw>=, would be an arrangement likely to secure greater 
•success. 
As to judging. Has the time not arrived when judging cards, such 
as I suggested a few years ago, might be brought into use ? By a rough 
glance through Mr. Hunter’s and Mr. Mclndoe’s Jubilee exhibits, I, on the 
principle then suggested, made out the former 24!) and the latter 220 
points. My wonder was, how but by point judging had the decision 
been arrived at ! T hold no hard-and-fast ideas, but some such change 
I contend, is most necessary. Next, just a word, Cannot your correspon¬ 
dents moderate their comments and criticisms ?— Joseph Witherspoon 
Mr. Ward’s experience would surely teach him better than to send 
such “ worthless exhibits,” as some of your correspondents would have 
us believe, to such a show as the Crystal Palace, where the keenest 
competition might be expected. The first prizes there are anything but 
extravagant, arul the third not remunerative enough to entice anyone 
from a long distance, and that ought to be quite sufficient to show that 
Mr. Ward has been unfairly treated. It is quite optional, as a matter of 
course, whether Mr. Ward exhibits again at the Palace, but before he 
does so I hope the exhibits will be simplv numbnvd the same as they 
are at many other shows, as the present Palace sjstcm is not quite 
satisfactory. We have, in last week’s Journal, advice from the north, 
and we wish some of our northern friends would ventur- south more 
frequently with their productions. Northern exhibits that I have seen 
are often deficient in quality, and, as an instance, I may state that both 
the Yeitch medals were awarded to exhibits quite unfit for table, at the 
Edinburgh Show, a f w y ars ago, and Mr. Barron did not ask 
the winners about sending their exhibits to their employers table. 
—R. M. 
STABLE MANURE. 
We cannot help thinking, judging from what we frequently see, 
that much stable manure, both in the gardens of the rich and of 
those not so well to do, is not much better than wasted. I am 
aware that I may bo taken to task here, for I remember reading 
some years ago that “ nothing was wasted.” Nevertheless I assert 
that in many cases much of the valuable nitrogen in the form of 
ammonia is dissipated, and to the cultivator is practically lost. 
Where there is no other than stable manure, as is often the case, 
it is by no means an easy matter to prevent this loss, for we all 
know the tendency it has to become violently heated, when of 
course the loss takes place, dry rot immediately sets in, and in a 
few days what might have been valuable manure is only so much 
dry straw or litter scarcely worth removal. In all cases where 
manure of this kind is kept there should be a good brick and cement 
tank constructed to hold the liquid portion of the manure, a portion 
of which should each morning be sprinkled over the fresh manure. 
This is a matter which needs particular and daily attention ; any 
haphazard slovenly manner in dealing with this will only result in 
such a condition as described. 
In our case we always endeavour to keep a portion of old manure 
in one half of the space allotted to our manure heap, the other half 
being set apart for the fresh manure which comes from the stable 
every morning. The new is shaken out and evenly distributed, and 
then a layer of the old shaken upon the top’ and the whole sprinkled 
with water from the cesspool beneath. It has often surprised me 
to find in what a short time this will become a heap of valuable 
manure for any purpose. As this is a very valuable article with us, 
as well as many besides, we are careful to have every particle of 
vegetable matter thrown on this heap, as well as old potting soil 
and night soil, &c., which were formerly kept separate from the 
manure heap, but which now we think are more profitably used 
mixed together. 
The drainings from this heap we value very much, as upon this 
we have to depend for all the liquid manure that we get. We 
would much prefer to have the drainings from the cow and pig 
houses into this tank, but in our case this is quite impracticable. 
Of course in cases where manure from the cow house is mixed with 
the stable manure the heating will not be so violent and the heap 
altogether easier to manage. 
How often manure heaps in and near towns which are often a 
public nuisance and danger, if managed a little more after the 
manner described might be made much more profitable as well as 
less objectionable. It is surprising how much ignorance we meet 
with in matters of this kind. Quite recently we were endeavouring 
to persuade a horsekoeper of the desirability of thus attending to 
the manure if he would profit by it. He coolly said it did not pay 
him to bother with it, as he had no difficulty in* securing a good 
price for it even if it was dry, as the purchasers reckoned it would 
“do for taties.”—W m. Jenkins. 
TRANSPLANTING AND ROOT-PRUNING FRUIT 
TREES. 
Tiie prevailing idea is that planting and root-pruning are 
operations that should be carried out during the winter season. 
There appears also to be a vague idea that there is more time then 
for such matters than during any other period. If this was really 
a fact there would be some grounds for the entertainment of such 
views. Such, however, is not the case, for there is in all gardens 
less demanding urgent attention after the fruit has been stored 
than after the foliage has fallen. 
If this matter is examined carefully we shall find that if trans¬ 
planting is not started and brought to a close early in the season it 
is generally of necessity left until January. How often is the 
work still farther delayed by several weeks’ frost, and thus it 
is carried out during the following month or postponed altogether. 
The labour required to keep most gardens tidy often prevents 
