338 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ October 20, 1887. 
Louise Bonne of Jersey ; 2, Marie Louise ; 3, Beurrfi Superfin ; 4, 
Beurrti Hardy; 5, Pitmaston Duchess; 6, Fondante d’Automne; 7, 
Thompson’s ; 8, Comte dc Lamy ; 0, Emile d’Heyst. I intend to con¬ 
fine my remarks to the above, being those suited for dessert, and which 
no connoisseur of Pears would object to use himself. 
1, Louhe Bonne if Jersey. —This succeeds on the Quince and makes 
a fertile pyramid. The fruit is of very refreshing flavour, juicy ; the 
best flavoured coming from standards on the Pear stock, on which it 
succeeds well. 
2, Marie Louise. —Best flavoured from open trees, but seldom bears 
freely, as the blossom is tender ; very fertile as a wall Pear and as an 
espalier ; requires much root-pruning as a pyramid, is not happy on the 
Quince. 
3, Beurre Superfin. —Very fine as a pyramid on the Quince, pro¬ 
ducing handsome richly flavoured fruit, fertile, also a good grower. 
4, Btvne Hardy. —This possesses a rich, unique flavour ; a beauti¬ 
ful grower as a pyramid, and very fertile ; fine on a wall; succeeds on 
the Quince. 
5, Pitmaston Duchess. —Large, not always of fine quality, but yet so 
handsome as to be worthy of culture in any form, hardy and a free 
bearer ; succeeds on the Quince. 
6, Fondante d' Avtomne.— One of the sweetest and best melting 
Pears, forms a fertile pyramid on the Quince, and is good in any 
form. 
7, Thompson's. — One of the finest Pears ; very melting in texture; 
thin skinned, of delicious flavour, distinct, aud valuable ; succeeds on 
the Pear, but requires double working on the Quince. 
8, Comte de Lamy. —Particularly rich in flavour ; very fertile on the 
Pear or Quince ; rather an awkward grower, as it bears on the points, 
and has much bare wood as many eyes fail to start. 
9, Emile d' Hcyst. —Shape like Marie Louise, very fertile both on the 
Pear and Quince, very little known, but most desirable, of rich honeyed 
flavour. In use towards the end of October. 
All the above form good cordons, except Comte de Lamy. 
In order to make the October Pears complete, the following may be 
added as worthy of a place in the garden, though not always of choice 
flavour or texture, still some are valuable substitutes when the better 
class fail to bear :—- 
1, Colmar d' kte. —A very sweet rich Pear, profuse bearer. 
2, Graham's Autumn Nelis. —Small, but delicious ; a sweetmeat, 
crowded out by larger sorts. 
3, Doyenne Boussoch. —Fertile, of refreshing acidity. 
4, Durondeau. —Large and fertile, and fairly good. 
5, Scckle. —Small, but delicious. 
6, Beurre Bose. —Of rich flavour. 
7, Eyenood. —Bon Chretien flavoured ; a very good small Bergamot 
kind, most fertile. 
8, Beurre Diel.—Oi peculiar richness (end of October). 
The market varieties for October would be Beurre de Capiaumont, 
Duchesse d’Angouleme; Rivers’ Fertility, Marie Louise d'lJccle, Louise 
Bonne of Jersey, Pitmaston Duchess, Beurrfi Bose. These are for growth 
on standards, or better as half-standards, crop being all-important. 
I cannot let this opportunity slip without a word as to culture. It is 
most important that the roots be kept near the surface, that they may 
have the benefit of the sun warmth in the soil, for it is mainly on 
these that the fruit depends ; they are in fact the foragers for size and 
flavour (as against the tap roots, which provide for the woody growth 
and extension of the tree). To this end root-pruning is a valuable aid ; 
and although from the general overworked condition of many gardeners 
this is not so regularly carried out as could be desired, still, as it does 
away with much top-pruning, the operation is all-important and saves 
labour in other ways. October is the best time. 
Mulching is valuable, but should only be carried out when the tree 
has a good crop, and if extra sized clean fruits are desired a previous 
dressing of Clay’s fertiliser or a similar stimulant will be useful. The 
moss manure now so much in use is valuable, as it contains fertilisers in 
a high degree, and is neat in appearance and handy for use. We employ 
it with great benefit— c.g., our Pears gained third prize against compe¬ 
titors who have grand walls and aged trees at the Crystal Palace, 
October 6th. Upon this mulching a liberal or rather copious supply of 
soft water should be given once a fortnight in the dry season. Some 
foliage may also be removed where it shades the fruit, and the summer 
removal of inside spray will further assist the ripening of wood and add 
size to the fruit. 
Thinning must be carried out with caution until the fruit is safely 
set, when all double bunches may be reduced to one (unless the tree is 
partially cropped, when it will carry them). As regards stocks upon 
which the trees should be ; for garden work, except in very light soils, 
the Quince is preferable, as its surface-rooting character is more amen¬ 
able to treatment, and it also takes nourishment more readily. 
In sandy soil those on the Pear stock alone should be tried, though a 
few choice sorts on the Quince might be grown in tubs or large pots sunk 
into the ground, in which of course a suitable soil could be used. 
KEEPING PLANTS CLEAN. 
I HAVE not the Journal by me to refer to my remarks on this 
matter, so kindly criticised by Messrs. W. Wood.A Son at page 323. How¬ 
ever, I do not think I am wrong in giving to America the credit of the 
“ first public intimation ” of the manner of preparing petroleum in a 
safe and effective manner. I had my information from an American 
State paper of four or five years ago, and I have been employing the 
mixture recommended in the Journal for the past three years. I scan 
most of the papers in connection with our calling, and have failed to see 
any intimation of this manner of preparing petroleum in this country 
until it appeared in the Journal a fortnight ago. It is hardly necessary 
to point out to Messrs. Wood that preparations made for sale give no 
intimation of how they are made up ; and as to the necessity of 
gardeners and others having a cheap and ready method of preparing a 
good insecticide there is a very strong case presented at page 322 of the 
same Journal, where Mr. Bardney recommends the rough-and-ready 
method of mixing the petroleum with a syringe. I may say in conclu¬ 
sion that I have no doubt that the insecticide manufactured by Messrs. 
Wood & Son is an effective one.—B. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM NOTES. 
THE INNER TEMPLE. 
By the courtesy of the Benchers, the Exhibition of Chrysanthemums 
at the Inner Temple Gardens will be opened to the public to-day 
(Thuisday), and will continue to attract visitors for three weeks or a 
month to come. This is the eighteenth season that a display of these 
popular autumn flowering plants has been produced under Mr. Newton’s 
charge, and their condition gives every indication of as fine a display of 
blooms as he has ever had. There are 900 plants representing over 500 
varieties, and though, like many others, they are somewhat later than 
usual this year, there is a good number of the early varieties in flower, sub¬ 
stantial buds of the main season varieties giving promise of grand blooms 
within the next fortnight. The incurved and Japanese varieties are 
well proportioned in numbers, and some of the best of last year’s novel¬ 
ties are included. The majority of those at present out are Japanese, and 
comprise M. W. Holmes, which was seen so well last season; M. Delaux, 
of great size ; Elaine, large and pure ; La Triomphante, M. Henri Jacotot, 
Frizon, the early and free Alexandre Dufour, remarkably large buds of 
Pelican being now advancing rapidly. Of incurved the B.undle family, 
Beverby, Aurea Multiflora, Guernsey Nugget, Lord Wolseley, Empress 
of India, and Refulgence are the most forward, the latter being much 
better than it is usually seen. 
FINSBURY PARK. 
The display provided in Finsbury Park under the management of 
Mr. Cochrane and his foreman, Mr. J. Mardlin, opens on Saturday the 
22nd inst., and, as we are accustomed to seeing them there, the plants 
are in excellent condition. Fine buds are abundant, but fully a week 
will elapse before the majority of these expand, so that we shall have an 
opportunity of referring to them again. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOWS. 
The following arc the dates of the principal shows to be held during 
the coming month, at which Chrysanthemums will be the leading 
feature :—The figures following the names of the places at which the 
shows are to be held indicate the number of days devoted to the exhibi¬ 
tions, and it will be seen that a large majority are two-day shows. 
November. 
Tuesday, 15th ... 
Tuesday, 1st ... 
Thursday, 3rd ... 
Friday, 4th 
Tuesday, 8th ... 
Wednesday, 9 h 
Thursday, 10:h... 
Friday, 11th ... 
Monday, 14th ... 
Southampton (2) 
Henfield (2) 
Leicester (2) 
Crystal Palace (2) 
Royal Horticul¬ 
tural Society 
Brighton (2) 
Iligbgate (2) 
Southend (2) 
Kingston (2) 
Bath (2) 
Croydon 
National Soc. (2) 
Ascot (2) 
Cornwall (2) 
Portsmouth (2) 
Brixton (2) 
Ipswich (2) 
Weald of Kent (2) 
Dawlish 
Hitcbin 
Canterbury (2) 
Street (2) 
Lewisham (2) 
Sheffield & Hal- 
Wednesday, 16th 
Thursday, 17th 
Friday, 18th ... 
Saturday, 19th ... 
Monday, 21st ... 
Tuesday, 22nd ... 
Wedne day, 23rd 
Friday, 25th 
Tuesday 29th ... 
Southgate (2) 
Lincoln (2) 
Winchester (2) 
Putney 
Yoik (3) 
Birmingham (2) 
Northampton (2) 
Ealing 
Chelmsford 
Dartford (2) 
Bury St. Ed¬ 
munds (2) 
Hull (2) 
Barnsley (2) 
Colchester 
Sheffield & West 
Riding (2) 
Chorley (2) 
Ramsbottom 
Wolverhampton 
( 2 ) 
Liverpool (2) 
Bedford (2) 
Eccles (2) 
Pontefract (2) 
Leeds (2) 
lamshire (2) 
December. 
Thursday, 8tli, Alnwick. 
INDIAN EXPERIENCES. 
(Continued from page 2S1.~) 
The history of the introduction and subsequent establishment of the 
Chinchona plant on the hill tracts of India has been often written, but 
a rapid retrospect may not be out of place in these papers. In intro¬ 
ducing the plant into British India the primary object of the 
Government was ostensibly providing the natives of the fever-stricken 
districts with a cheap febrifuge. Before its introduction quinine and 
