478 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER: 
[ December 1, 1887. 
occasions, but those staged were good. For one Cypripedinm Mr. T. Gowan 
was first with a large plant of C. insigne, very profusely flowered. For 
three Orchids Mr. W. Tunnington was first with Odontoglossum Alexandras. 
Zygopetalum Mackaji, and Calanthe vestita. For one Calanthe Mr. W. 
Tunnington was again first. Second Mr. McGarth, gardener to R. R. 
Heap, Esq., West Derby. For one Orchid Mr. A. Smith, gardener to 
D. de Yboorande, Esq., with Vanda Sanderiana with seven or eight fine 
flowers. Second Mr. J. Bounds with Cypripedium insigne. 
Fhuit. —The display of fruit was an exhibition in itself, and every 
class was well represented. In the open class for twelve dishes, distinct, 
Mr. J. H. Goodacre, gardenerto Earl of Harrinrton, Elvaston Castle, gained 
the premier position with a large Pine, good Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, 
Lady Downe’s, fair Gros Colman and Mrs. Pearson ; Pears, Beurre Diel, 
(large), and Beurrd Clairgeau ; Apples. King of the Pippins (fine colour), 
Blenheim Pippin (large and fine) ; a good dish of Red Currants, Coe’s Late 
Red Plum, and a fair Hero of Loclange Melon. Mr. J. Bennett, gardener 
to the Hon. C. H. Wynne, North Wales, having good Lady Downe’s Grapes 
and Blenheim Pippin Apples, really superb. Mr. W. Hanagan, gardener to 
R. C. Naylor, Esq., Horton Hall, Cheshire, the remaining award. Four col¬ 
lections were staged. For six dishes the same competitor was again first, 
having particularly good Muscat of Alexandria and Gros Colman Grapes, 
the latter being large in the berry and splendidly finished ; the same may be 
said of the former, but the bunch was large. The same kind of M Ion, 
Pears, and Plums were staged as in the previous class Mr. Hanagan was 
second, having good Apples and Pears, the Grapes being short of finish. 
Third, Mr. J. Bounds, gardener to A. L. Jones, Esq., Oaklands, Aigburth, 
four collections being staged. 
Grapes throughout were exceptionally good, being large in the bunches, 
berry, and generally well coloured. In the class for four bunches, distinct, 
Mr. J. H. Goodacre took the lead with large, well-finished bunches of Lady 
Downe’s, Mu-cat of Alexandria, very good ; Mrs. Pearson, grand ; and Gros 
Colman, a little short of colour, but the berries were exceptionally large. 
Second, J. Hollingsworth, gardener to J. F. Campbell, Esq.. Woodseat, 
Uttoxeter, having well-fini9hed Alicante and Gros Guillaume. Third, Mr. J. 
Barker, gardener to G. T. Raynes, E-q., Rock Ferry. No less than nine 
exhibitors staged in this class. For two bunches of Muscat of Alexandria 
there was four competito s, and the whole were really first class. Mr. D. 
Lindsay, gardener to Sir T. Edwards Moss, Bart., Otterspool, Liverpool, took 
the lead with large heavy, perfectly finished examples, followed by Mr. G. 
Middleton, gardener to R. Pilkington, Esq., Rainford Hall, and Mr. John 
Bounds, who were second and third respectively. For two bunchi s of any 
other white variety, eight lots were staged. Mr. J. H. Goodacre took the 
lead with superb bunches of Mrs. Pearson; Mr. J. Hollingsworth second 
with Golden Quern ; and Mr. A. Collins, gardener to S. Smith, Esq , M.P., 
Prince’s Park, third with the same variety. For two bunches of Black Ali¬ 
cante nine competitors staged, and the Judges had some difficulty in deter¬ 
mining the awards, for there was not a faulty bunch in th? whole. Mr. J. 
Downham, gardener to E. H. Harrison, Esq., Eastham, was deservedly 
placed first for large bunches, with even berries, and perfect in bloom and 
finish. Mr. W. Wilson, gardener to H. Cunningham, Esq., Gorsey Cop, 
Wavertree, was a close second, and Mr. J. Hollingsworth a good third. An 
extra prize was awardel to Mr. E. Gregg, gardener to W. 0. N. Shaw, Esq., 
Birkenhead. For two bunches of black Grapes with Muscat flavour, Mr. J. 
Hollingsworth was successful with two large bunches of Mrs. Pince, a little 
short of colour. Second, Mr. J. Richards, gardener to E. C. Friend, Esq , 
Rock Park, Rock Ferry, with neat examples of Madresfield Court. Third, 
Mr. J. Wallis, gardener to Rev. Walter Sneyd, Kee’e Hall, Staffordshire, with 
the same kind. For two bunches any other black, Mr. J. Hollingsworth 
t jok the lead with Lady Downe’s, very good ; Mr. A. Collins second with 
1 irge bunches of Gros Guillaume. Third, Mr. J. Downham, with grand 
hunches of Gros Colman. Five lots were staged. 
Apples were very numerous, and the quality was better than that of 
previous years, the colour was particularly well developed in many of the 
varieties. For six dishes of dessert kinds, distinct, Mr. J. Davis, gardener 
to Rev. H. Arkwright, Bodenham, Leominster, took the lead with grand 
examples of Blenheim Pippin, Prince’s Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Court 
Pendu Plat, and Rosemary Russet; second, Mr. Hannagan; third, Mr. J. H. 
Goodacre. No less than eight collections were stage!. In the class for 
three dishes fourteen collections were staged for the prizes offered. Mr. W. 
Hannagan was placed first with King of the Pippins, Blenheim Pippin, and 
Ribston Pippin ; second, Mr. J. Loundes, gardener to S. S. Parker, Esq., 
Sudley Road, Aigburth ; third, Mr. T. Elsworthy, gardener to A. R. Glad¬ 
stone, Esq , Court Hey, Broad Green. For one dish the Rev. L. Garnett, 
Christie'on Rectory, was successful. For eight di.-hes of culinary kinds 
Mr. J. Davis was well ahead with very large fine examples of Alfriston, 
Welford Park, Nonesuch, Hollandbury, Winter Nonesuch, Blenheim Pippin, 
Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Warner’s King, and Emperor Alexander ; second, Mr. 
J. H. Goodacre ; third, Mr. Hannagan. Nine cr ten lots we 1 e staged. For 
four dishes Mr. R. Pinnington, gardener to E. Banner, Esq., Roby, was well 
first with Nelson’s Glory, Blenheim Pippin, Mere de Menage, and Alfriston ; 
second, Mr. Hannagan ; third, Mr. W. Mease. About the same number of 
collections were staged as in the preceding c’ass. For one dish Mr. J. 
Downham was successful, twelve or more dishes being exhibited. 
Pears were not perhaps quite equal in numbers to what we have before 
seen them, but the quality was all that could be desired. For eight dishes 
five collections w. re staged, and Mr. J. H. Goodacre was well first with 
Beurre Diel, Beurre Clairgeau, Beurre Bachelier, Glou Morceau, Duchess? 
d’Angouleme, Easter Beurre, Marie ^Louise, Doyenne du Comice; second, 
Mr. W. Mease, and third, Mr. J. Hannagan. For four dishes six or seven 
lots were staged, and Mr. R. Foster gained the leading honours, followed by 
Mr. Hannagan and Mr. R. Penmgton. For one dish of dessert Mr. R. 
Foster was first with Marie Louise, and Mr. J. H. Goodacre for one dish of 
stewing Pears. 
Miscellaneous Exhibits. —These contributed largely to the attractions 
of the Exhibition, and were more numerous than usual. Messrs. Fishlock 
Brothers received a certificate of merit for crosses, wreaths, and bouquets. 
The Liverpool Horticultural Company (John Cowan), Garston, the same 
award for a similar exhibit and a collection of stove and greenhouse decora¬ 
tive plants, including Orchids. Messrs. R. P. Ker & Sons, a cultural certi¬ 
ficate for an excellent collection of Cyclamens, well grown and most pro¬ 
fusely flowered. Messrs. Cutbush & Sons, Highgate, London, certificate of 
merit for Pernettyas, well berried in pots. Mrs. Southam, a certificate of 
merit for dried flowers under glasses and in frames. Mrs. Vestey the same 
award for skeleton leaves. An extra prize awarded for four double 
Primulas to Mr. J. Bounds. To Messrs. Davis & Sons for Chrysanthemums, 
a yellow sport from Princess of Teck named Mrs. N. Davis, a first-class 
certificate also for Chrysanthemum Mr. Charles Gibson, a sport from Mrs. N. 
Davis, also for Annie Lowe, a sport from Lady Margaret Anemone flowered. 
Messrs. F. and A. Dickson & Sons were highly commended for a collection 
of Apples and Pears, and the Bame award for Messrs. James Dickson and 
Sons. Messrs. C. Rylance & Co., highly commended for a collection of 
Apples, also the Covent Garden Seed and Bulb Compaiy. Mr. John Walkin 
a certificate of merit for a collection of Apples. A seedl ng Apple, not 
named, highly commended, exhibited by Mr. W. Neild, Wythenshawe. 
The Chairman (Mr. White), the Secretary (Mr. E. Bridge), and the Com¬ 
mittee deserve every congratulation for the manner in which they carried 
out the vaiious details of this large and splendid Exhibition. 
WOHK.ewhe WEEK.. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Vines. — Houses to Afford Grapes in May. —The Vines that are to 
afford Grapes at the time stated must be started without delay, nothing 
contributing more to a good break than a bed of leaves and stable litter 
placed on the floor of the house, and turned daily. The outside border 
should have the needful; rotection from cold rains and snow, two-thirds 
of leaves to one of stable litter affording a less violent but more lasting 
heat than dung. Provided the outside borders were covered with 
bracken, straw, or litter in early autumn so as to throw off the wet, the 
temperature will be considerably warmer than that of borders exposed, 
and in their case covering with hot litter may be dispensed with, but a 
covering of warm litter is preferable, especially to those borders exclu¬ 
sively outside. The inside borders should be brought into a thoroughly 
moist state by applying water, and in the case of weak Vines give 
liquid manure at 90°. Start with a night temperature of 50° in severe 
weather, 55° in mild weather, and 65° by day, except the weather be 
severe, when 55° will suffice, not exceeding those figures until the growth 
commences. Maintain a moist atmosphere by syringing occasionally, 
but excessive moisture excites the emission of aerial roots from the rods. 
Depress the rods of young Vines to the horizontal line or below it to 
insure the regular breaking of the eyes. 
Houses Started Early in November. —In the earliest house, whether 
the Vines are in pots or are planted in borders, the temperature will 
need to be increased to G0° at night in mild weather, 55° in severe 
weather after the buds break, and gradually increasing so as to have it 
60° at night when the Vines are in leaf, 65° by day in severe weather, 
and 70° to 75° in mild weather with moderate ventilation. The evaporation 
troughs need not as yet be charged with liquid manure provided there 
are fermenting materials in the house, but if not the evaporation troughs 
should be filled with the drainings of the dungyard or stables, cow 
byres, &c., avoiding, however, that of pigstyes. Failing those use 1 lb. of 
guano to 20 gallons of water, which is also suitable for watering Vines in 
pots, the water being applied at the temperature of the house. Tie up 
the Vines in position as soon as growth has well commenced, and before 
the shoots are so long as to be liable to be damaged in the process. 
Sprinkle the house two or three times a day in clear weather, avoid¬ 
ing a close atmosphere on the one hand and a dry one on the other. 
Disbudding should not be practised until the fruit shows in the 
point of the shoots. 
Midseason Houses. —The Vines from which the Grapes have been 
cut should be pruned ; indeed it is decidedly advantageous to prune 
the Vines directly the leaves have fallen, any Grapes still hanging 
having been cut and placed in bottles of clear rain water with a 
piece of charcoal in each. The Grapes will often keep better than 
on the Vines, as the temperature in the Grape room is more equable 
than can be commanded in a vinery. Keeping Graphs hanging after 
the leaves have fallen may not be prejudicial to Vines unless pro¬ 
longed to a late period, yet the greater extent of young wood keeps 
the sap more or less in circulation, and there is a certain amount 
of waste going on which cannot take place when the Vines are pruned. 
Prune, therefore, directly the leaves are all down, cut and bottle any 
Grapes at that time remaining, they being of the thin-skinned varie¬ 
ties, and not requiring the maturing so necessary for such varieties as 
Gros Colman and thick-skinned varieties generally. In pruning 
adhere to the system that has proved satisfactory, if the Vines are 
in good condition they will in all probability give sufficiently large 
bunches if pruned to one, or at most two eyes, good useful Grapes for 
everyday use on the cut-and-come again principle, so essential when 
the tabic must be supplied with fresh fruit. But if larger bunches 
are wanted, or the Vines from weakness do not afford bunches so large 
as desired, leave more growth, only be careful to select sound, round, 
well developed buds on firm well ripened wood. Aim, in fact, at 
finish. Large bunches invariably are defective of the finish of 
medium-size bunches. Vines that afford well-finished example pruned 
