JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ December 15, 1887. 
5 28 
twelve months from the insertion of the eyes or buds, several persons, snch 
as his assistants and visitors, must have cognizance of the circumstance, and 
may possibly know the year in which the work was accomplished. We do 
not question the possibility, but what you appear to desire is verification of 
some record of a particular case. Perhaps now the subject is mentioned 
someone may be able to assist you in the matter. 
The Chrysanthemum Leaf-mining Insect (G. Wood). —The “maggots 
that form tunnels in Chrysanthemum leaves ” are produced in the same way 
that the maggots are in the leaves of Celery. The name of the Chrysanthe¬ 
mum ememy is Tryptera attemisise, which punctures the leaves, depositing 
eggs in them, these hatching into maggots that feed on the parenchyma of 
the leaves. This, or an a'lied insert, is exceediDg'y destructive to the 
larger-leaved forms of the white Marguerites—such as Chrysanthemum 
Halleri, the smaller leaved C. froticosum being also attacked, but less per¬ 
sistently. We know of a gard-ner who insures his Celery against the 
attacks of the fly by syringing the plants once a week in the summer with 
a weak solution of petroleum, which be says does the plants good, while the 
Celery fly will have nothing to do with them, and he has the best Celery we 
have tasted this year. 
Pruning Hoses when Planting (S. D. Jones). —We should not hesitate 
to shorten the very long growths, reducing them about half, though we 
know they are often left uncut till spring, and Roses thus left unpruned, 
say till April, have grown very-well, though we have also known some to 
fail. The d fierence may be attributable to the weather. Should the air 
be very dry over a long period, as it often is in February or March, when 
easterly winds prevail, the longer the shoots are the greater the evaporating 
surfaces, and consequently the greater the escape of the juice3 from the 
plants, at a time when the roots are inactive, and cannot absorb moisture 
from the so! to compensate for the loss. When Roses are dug up and 
planted in October and November they may commence rooting at once, 
and can then imbibe moisture to meet the demands of evaporation; but 
when planted now, and onwards, we suspect the roots remain dormant till 
the spring, and on this account we should shorten the branches as the 
safest course to adopt in conserving the moisture in the lower part of the 
stems. If a Rose tree is dug up in October, before tbe leaves fall, the 
moisture escapes from them, and the stems shrivel, but if most of the 
leaves are cut o2 the evaporating surface is reduced, and the stems remain 
the fresher. But, observe, we should only “ half prune ” now, shortening 
more closely in spring after the buds push from near the tops of the shoots, 
and if they grow an inoh o- more no harm is done by their removal. 
Mixed Laburnum (Beta ).—Your designation of the tree leads ns to sup¬ 
pose that you refer to a Laburnum bearing both yellow and purple flowers. 
We have seen many o‘ such trees, the variety being known as Cytisus Adami. 
In ad probability this was originally produced upwards of fifty years ago 
in budding Cytisus pnrpurens on the common Laburnum. In this process it 
is supposed that a cell of the one species became divided and united to a 
cell of the other, and the result has been a plant producing not only flowers 
of each species separately, but others partaking of the characters of both. 
There are other instances in the vegetable kingdom in which a similar 
union of cells is believed to have tiken place, but Cytisus Adami is the 
best known and best established. Mr. Fish has added the following in¬ 
teresting notes on the subject:—“ The changes produced on the Laburnum 
when grafted are som times wonderful and wholly unaccountable. We 
have rarely seen the common or Scotch Laburnum sport into other varieties. 
We recol'ect of only one instance in which flowers of purpurascens appeared. 
But if you graft either of the Laburnums with Cytisus purpureus or 
Cytisus supiuus, the vagaries which sometimes take place are astonishing. 
A small stmdard of Cytisus alpinus was grafted with Cytisus purpureus, 
and on the same brinch will sometime! be found small pieces of yellow 
and purp'e, and at the very point strong shoots of the Cytisus alpinus, the 
‘ blood ’ of tbe stock finding its way thtough the more weakly growth of the 
scion. What is remarkable is, that grafting or budding with one variety 
will frequently, as the plant grows, present you with three or four varieties.’, 
Raising Seedlings (E. J. B .).—You aBk how it is that some pe sons can 
raise new varieties of flowers that are deemed worthy of certificates while 
all those that yen raise yourself are, when submitted to auth nrities are re¬ 
ferred to in the disheartening terms—“not superior to existing varieties.” 
Your disappointment may arise through not having the best varieties to 
save seed from, or you may not bo expert in fertilisation ; or again, you 
may only raise a small number of seedlings, or may piossibly do what we 
have often seen—raise mo e than you have convenience for growing, retain¬ 
ing the best growers and throwing the weaker away. You will perceive 
many things have to be taken into consideration, and then there is the cer¬ 
tainty of having an infini e y greater number of blanks than prizes in the 
work in question. It has been staged, for instance, that “ Mr. Keynes of 
Salisbury sows every year, and has done so for many years past, 30,000 
Dahlia seeds, and has averaged about ten named flowers for the last twenty 
years or more—a small per-centage, equal to one-thirtieth per cent: in this 
esse, however, it would seem as if many good flowers must 1 e lost, for 
30,000 seedlings ought to give at lea-t thirty varieties worth naming, or say 
one-tenth per cent. The late Mr. John Salter estimate! that seedling 
Chrysanthemums worth naming averaged one in every 2000 plants, or 
one-twentieth per cent. Mr. Downie grows 500 Pentstemons or Phloxes to 
get ten first-rate novelties, this being at the high rate of 2 per cent. In 
the raising of plants that admit of careful manipulation, the rate is still 
higher—the result, no doubt, of the oont-ol the raiser exercises. In the 
case of Dahlias, Hollyhocks, and Chrysanthemums, the raiser has not much 
control, but he selects the seed parent and watches over the growth of the 
seed, which is under control to some extent. The e are cases in which the 
cross-breeder goes direct to his work, and having in his mind's eye exactly 
what he wants, insures it right off ; but this is not an everyday business.” 
Material for Protecting Fruit Trees (B. L .).— We have not found any 
better mat< rial for protecting fruit trees when in blossom than scrim 
canva=, which is sufficiently thick to afford the requisite protection without 
excluding air and )igh% these being essential for the Btrong development 
of the blossom. Tbe material should, however, only be used at night 
during the prevalence of frost, or by day when frost prevails, removing it 
n the morning as a rule by 9 o’clock, and having it placed over the 
trees by 5.30 p.m., earlier or later according to the weather and the season. 
Nothing is so fatal to fruit blossom as damp and unnecessary protection 
that is known as “coddling.” It needs air, and for the performing of its 
functions it must he dry, our climate never being devoid of the requisite 
moisture for the development of the organs of fructification, a close con¬ 
fined atmosphere beiog more fatal to fruit blossom than a few degrees of 
frost with dryness. Whenever the atmosphere is warm, or the external 
air above 45°, the material should not rc-nniu over the trees, though it may 
be applied before that temperature occurs in the afternoon aft-r a fine day 
in anticipation of a frost at night, and it should remain on until the atmo¬ 
sphere becomes genial ; otherwise tbe hardier the blossom and young 
growths are kept the less likely are they to suffer. Very close material is 
not good, as it prevents a change of air, and favours the accumulation of 
mo’sture ; it is also too opaque and weakening, hence we find better sets 
of fruit under a double thickness of herring nets and spruce branches than 
under a coustant covering of heavy material. Coating with oil would 
enhance the durability of the materi tl, but it excludes air. Nettings with 
small mesh are suitable, the best being of wool. Scrim canvas rightly used 
has been found to answer for protecting fruit blossom in a situation 500 feet 
above the level of the sea in a cold district in Yorkshire. 
Names of Fruits.—-The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be 
named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters 
referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are not neces¬ 
sarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six specimens 
can he named at once, and any beyond that number cannot be preserved. 
(J. O.). —All fruits are attended to as soon as is practicable, and we find 
some named under your initials on page 351 in our issue of October 20th. 
If these are yours that were sent ou October 17th we think there was not 
much time lost over the matter. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh Btate in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(B. ft.). —1, Sophronitis grandiflora, a very good variety ; 2, Masdevallia 
Lindvni; 3, Odontoglossmn grande, something like a variety known as 
splendeus. (/'. T.). —1, Cymbidium sinense; 2, Asplenium viviparum ; 
3, Eranthemum pulchellum ; 4, Not recognised; 5, Tradesoantia zebrina ; 
6, Begonia metallici. 
GOVENT GARDEN MARKET— December 14th. 
Business somewhat better, but prices remain unaltered except for 
best samples 
Grapes. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
a. 
fl. 
a. 
Apples, l sieve.. .. 
l 
8 
to 3 
6 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0to 8 
0 
Nova Scotia and 
Peaches, dozi-n •• •• 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Canada barrel 10 
0 
18 
0 
Fears, dozen. 
i 
0 
1 
6 
Cherries, I sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples, English, 
Cobs, 100 lbs. 
55 
0 
0 
0 
oer fb. 
i 
6 
2 
0 
Pig?, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plums, £ sieve. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 
s 
0 
5 
0 
Lemon?, case .. .. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Melon, each ., .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
e. 
d. 
f*. 
d. 
Artichoke?, dozen .. 
l 
0 
to 2 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
to 0 
6 
Asparagus, bundle .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
8 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
, , 
u 
3 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
0 
2 
0 
6 
Beet, Red, dozen .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cnious, bunch.. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
a 
0 
B 
0 
Brussels Sprout?, & sieve 
3 
G 
4 
0 
Parsnins, dozen 
{ 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage, dozen 
, , 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Capsicum?, per 100 
. , 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„ Kidney, yer cwr. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. 
, , 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflower?, dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsaf}*, bundle .. ,• 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Celery, bundlo 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzouera, bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
9 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale, basket .. .. 
1 
6 
1 
9 
Cucumbers, each .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Shallot?, per !b. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Heros, bunch .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lf>. 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Leeks, bunch .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
Holly and Mistletoe now commencing for Christmas decoration. 
8. 
d. 
S 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Abutilons, 12 bunches 
3 
0 to 6 
0 
Lilies, White, 12 hunches 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Anemones, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Orange, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Lay of tbe Valley, 12 
Asters, 12 bunches .. 
o- 
0 
0 
0 
sprays . 
0 
3 
0 
,, French, bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunohes 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Azalea, 12 sprpys 
. , 
i 
0 
1 
G 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
S 
0 
6 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Narciss, white (French) 12 
Camellias, 12 blooms 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunches . 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
1 
0 
1 
6 
12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Chrysanthemums,12 bch3. 
6 
0 
13 
0 
Poinsettia, 12 blooms .. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
M 12 blooms 
0 
6 
8 
0 
Primula (single), bunch.. 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Dahliit, 12 bunch os 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, (double), bunch .. 
0 
9 
i 
0 
Daisies. 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Polyanthus, 12 bunches.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Eucharis, dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
RanaDoulas, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Roses, 12 bunches .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gladiolus, 12 spray3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ (indoor), dozen 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Hyacinths, Roman, 
12 
,, Tea, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
sprays 
0 
8 
1 
0 
red, dozen (French) 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Iris, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 
, yellow . 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Lapageria, white, 
12 
Stephanotis, 12 Bprays .. 
8 
0 
10 
0 
blooms. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Tropmoluin, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lapageria, coloured, 
12 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms •• 
0 
6 
i 
0 
blooms. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Tulips, dozen blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 
12 
Violets, 12 bunches.. .. 
1 
0 
i 
6 
blooms. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ (French), bunch 
1 
3 
2 
0 
Lilium lancifolium, 
12 
„ (Parme), bunch 
3 
0 
5 
0 
blooms. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
White Lilac, par bunch .. 
6 
0 
7 
6 
