July 19, 18S8. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
63 
predispose! by impure sap. The only remedy, and it is infallible, is to 
lift the trees so affected as soon as the growth is complete and the buds 
and wood sufficiently matured, but whilst the leaves are upon the trees, 
and lay the roots in fresh material, or the old material to which an 
addition is made if the soil be light of clayey marl equal to about a 
fourth, using it in as small pieces as practicable, and in any case a 
sixth of old mortar rubbish passed through an inch sieve. The roots 
should be laid in the compost, which must be well incorporated, nearer 
the surface, and particu’ar care should be taken to preserve those that 
originate from the base of the stem and are of a fibrous character. 
All the roots should, if possible, be within a foot of the surface, placing 
in layers with the soil pressed firmly about them, the topmost not 
being more than 3 inches deep. The border must be efficiently drained. 
A border 2! inches deep is ample, and if it be less by one-third the 
width the trees occupy the roots will be more under control, and better 
than in a large mass of soil. Done at the time indicated the trees will 
make fresh roots before or with the fall of the leaf, and these being 
preserved by a mulch of short rather fresh stable manure 3 inches thick, 
nutriment will be afforded of a character insuring a good set, and satisfac¬ 
tory swelling and stoning, which effected, judicious after treatment will 
bring the crop to perfection. The Figs are decayed at the nose or apex, 
which is usually a result of insufficient ventilation, the house being 
kept too close, moist, and cold To insure Figs ripening perfectly they 
require a circulation of dry warm air, moisture being kept from the 
fruit after it begins ripening. It is particularly desirable to prevent 
moisture being deposited on the fruit at night, as when that occurs and 
air is not given sufficiently early to dissipate it before the sun acts 
powerfully upon the house, the fruit is made to shrivel at the eye 
and soon decays, being accompanied by a fungus, as in the examples 
sent. 
Mildew on Strawberries (J. D .).— We have examined the 
plants and find them seriously infested with mildew, and to this we 
attribute the non-swelling of the fruit. The roots of the plants that have 
been grown in pots are quite healthy. There is nothing wrong with 
them. Mildew is much more prevalent in some districts and seasons 
than others, and the conditions in your case have evidently been favour¬ 
able to its increase. There is no doubt whatever that sharp currents of 
air passing through front ventilators directly to the plants render them 
liable to the attacks of the parasite. It is the same with Roses, and 
some cultivators on that account scarcely dare open the front ventilators 
early in the season in gardens where mildew is prevalent. Very cold 
water given to plants on warm and bright afternoons is also calculated 
to result in the attack of the pest, because both the cold water and cold 
currents give a temporary check to the sap movement, and stagnation in 
that respect is favourable to the germination of mildew spores. The 
plant from the open ground is exceedingly luxuriant, and the leaves do 
not appear to have been able to elaborate the sap, which would thus be 
in a more or less impure state, and on that account favourable for spore 
germination. Cold night winds and bright sunny days alternating 
would be likely to encourage the parasite for the reasons stated. We 
should try the clean runners, but increase chiefly those varieties that 
best resist the mildew. The under surface of the leaves are first and 
chiefly attacked, because the cuticle is thinner and more easily pene¬ 
trated. It is to the reverse side of the foliage, therefore, that the soft- 
soap and sulphur mixture should be applied, and even if the work is a 
little tedious it is worth doing. The worst affected leaves cut off and 
burn. They can be of no benefit to the plants, and will mature myriads 
of spores. It does not follow that the attack will be so virulent another 
year. You will find some varieties succeed better in your soil than 
others, and these should be most extensively grown. We know a garden 
in which President is worthless, and the soil is very similar to that with 
which you have to deal. In another garden, where the soil is lighter 
and less rich, it is one of the most profitable varieties. Vicomtesse 
Hericart de Thury is one of the hardiest in foliage, and likely to 
answer your purpose. We know the garden very well, with its sharp 
slope and strong soil, and are not much surprised that mildew is so pre¬ 
valent in it this year. 
Names of Fruits.— The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (IF. II .').—The Strawberry is Carolina Superba, which is 
hardier and usually a better bearer than British Queen. , 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(<9. IF. !>.).— Specimens for naming require to be very carefully packed 
to ensure their reaching us in recognisable condition. Those sent were 
so dried and crushed that it was quite impossible to determine them. 
Packed in small tin boxes with a little damp moss they would travel 
safely. (.7. P .).—Without flowers or leaves the plant cannot be recog¬ 
nised, but from .your description and the material sent we should think 
it is Geranium pratense. (7. J.). —The weed known as “ Fat Hen,” of 
which you send leaves, is Chenopodium album ; the red-leaved plant is 
Atriplex hortensis, and the Orchid Aerides expansum. (IF. B.).-~ 
GTorioia. superba. (if. S. T .).—1, Reseda lutea, the wild Mignonette ; 
^•Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, the Ox-eye Daisy, 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. —July 18th. 
Tiie present dnll weather is considerably affecting supplies, our market presenting 
any tuing but its usual appearance at this season of the 3 7 ear. Prices remain uualtered. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
d. 
d. 
Apple?, J sieve . 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lemons, case . 
10 
0 to 15 
0 
Nova Scotia and 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Canada barrel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Chsrrie?, J Bieve .. . . 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Pears, dozen . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cobs, 100 lbs . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Grape?, per lt>. 
1 
6 
8 
6 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
1 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
e. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. •« 
2 
0 
to 3 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 to 1 
s 
Asparagus , bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. . . 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Bjet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
New Potatoes, par cwt... 
8 
0 
14 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch. 
U 
3 
0 
U 
Brussels Sprouts, £ sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parslev, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. 
i 
0 
0 
(1 
Capsicums, per 100 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt... .. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
„ Kidnev, per owt. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Cauli flowers, d ozen 
s 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
7 
Shallots, per ft. .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. ## 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Heros, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
O' 
Tomatoes, per fb. 
0 
6 
0 10 
Leeks, bunch .. .. 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
O 
CUT FLOWERS: 
B. 
d. 
S 
d. 
F. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Abntilons, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunohes 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Asters, French, per bunch 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Pansies, 12 bchs 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Calceo’aria, 12 bunches.. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pinks, various, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Camellias, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Polyanthus, 12 bchs 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Pyretbrura, doz. bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ 12 bunches .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Con flrwer, 12 bunches.. 
i 
6 
3 
0 
,, (outdoor), 12 bchs 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Daisies, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,, (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Delphinium, 12 bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Tea. dozen .. ., 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Epiphyllum, 12 blooms .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ yellow . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
,, (Moss), 12 bunches 
4 
0 
12 
O 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Spiraea, bunch . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Iris, 12 bUDches .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Stephanotis, 12 sprays .. 
1 
6 
3 
O 
Lapageria, coloured, 12 
Stocks, 12 bunches .. .. 
1- 
6 
4 
0 
blooms . 
i 
0 
i 
6 
S veet Peas, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium candidum, Freoch, 
Sweet Sultan, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
per buuch . 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Tropaeolum, 12 bunches 
i 
0 
2 
0 
„ E glish 12 bloom* 
i 
0 
1 
6 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
White Gladiolus,12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
3 
bloom3. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
White Lilac, per bunch .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
B. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuchsia, dozen pots 
4 
Oto 12 
0 
Arbor vitas (golden) dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Genista, per dozen 
0 
0 
O 
0 
Bedding out plants in 
Heliotrope, dozen pots .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
variety, per dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Ivy Geranium. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Calceolaria, per dozen.. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hydrapgea, dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Cineraria, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Lilies Valley, dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Coleus, dozen. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium Harrissii, doz. pots 18 
0 
SO 
0 
Crassuia, dozen .. .. 
18 
0 
80 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Deutzia, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dezen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena teiminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 
0 
Mignonette, per doze n .. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
„ viridis, dozen.. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, dozen pots .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Erica, various, dozen .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
,, ventricosa .. .. 
18 
0 
24 
0 
Nastartiums, per dozen.. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Euonymus, in var.,dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var. .each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
0 
0 
24 
0 
Pelargoniums, dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
,, scarlet, doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Ficus elastica, each 
i 
8 
7 
0 
Spirea japonica, doz. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage Plants, var.,each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Stocks, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
PURE SEED. 
Threshing machines since they came into general use have 
caused much mixing of different sorts of corn, simply from the 
want of care in cleaning the drum between the using it for thresh¬ 
ing different corn stacks. No doubt, too, there has been much 
carelessness about seed corn generally, yet it is equally obvioui 
that the careful selection of seed is an important factor to success 
in farming. As a means to so desirable an end it is well, now that 
corn is sufficiently advanced in growth to show its true character, 
that a close inspection should be made, and all “ rogues ” got rid of. 
A sample of corn that is pure and of high quality invariably com¬ 
mands more attention from buyers than inferior mixed samples, no 
matter whether it is required for seed or food. Seed merchants 
charge fancy prices, and get them too, for pure seed ; and therefore 
it is clearly to a farmer's advantage to help himself as much as he 
can in this matter,, 
