August 16, 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
159 
put over the drainage an inch or so of the rougher parts of the compost. 
Pot so that the setting on of the roots will be elevated in the centre 
of the pots rather higher than the rim of the pots, and pot firmly, 
working the soil in around the ball with a stick. The soil should be 
moderately dry when used ; if wet, the operation cannot be properly 
performed. Finish off with the finer portions of the soil, and water 
for a few times with a rose watering pot. In case of unhealthy plants, 
turn them out of the pots in spring, remove all the old soil and decayed 
roots, but preserving any fibrous parts, and repot in the compost above 
named firmly, working it well in about the roots. The plants should 
never want for water at any season, and during their growing period 
very copious supplies should be given, or from March to July. After 
March they ought to have shade from bright sun up to September, a 
thin canvas or tiffany shading answering well. After June the soil 
should be kept moist, not watering, however, until it shows indica¬ 
tions of dryness, then give thorough supplies, enough to moisten the 
ball through, and this they need all through the winter. When the 
buds are swelling they may be watered with weak liquid manure at 
every alternate watering, commencing in November if expected or likely 
to be in bloom about Christmas, and continuing until the flowering is 
over. Guano, 2 ozs. to a gallon of water is a good application, or 
1 peck fresh dung of horses, sheep, or cows, and 1 peck soot to 
f>0 gallons of water, stirring well up before use. This not only assists 
the swelling of the buds, but acts as a stimulus to growth, plants so 
treated making a vigorous growth after flowering. 
Propagating- Show and Fancy Pelargoniums ( Youngster ).— 
Cuttings may be put in and struck from March to August ; the general 
time, however, is when the plants have done flowering, and require 
cutting down to make bushy plants for the next season. This generally 
happens from the end of June to the beginning of August. They may 
be successfully propagated in a frame set upon a spent hotbed, first 
removing the soil and replacing it upon a thick coat of coal ashes to 
keep out the worms. Upon this place a layer of sawdust to plunge the 
cutting pots in. The best soil is pure loam mixed with silver sand. 
Five inches wide at the top is a proper size for the pots, which must be 
well drained. Fill them to the top with the prepared loam, which 
should be put through a rather coarse sieve to take out the stones. 
It should not be pressed down too hard, but made firm enough to hold 
the cuttings fast. Use it in a state neither wet nor dry. The side 
shoots which have not flowered, and are not more than 2 inches long, 
make the best cuttings. These should be cut off close to the stem. If 
taken off with a sharp knife they will not require to be cut again at the 
bottom, unless the cutting is too long ; then they should have a clean 
horizontal cut just under a joint to make the cutting the right length. 
Cut off the bottom leaves close to the stem, leaving only two of the 
uppermost. Place the cuttings in a shady place to dry up the wound. 
This will take an hour on a dry day. or two hours on a dull, cloudy one. 
Then put them in the prepared pots round the edge, inclining the leaves 
inwards, so that they may not touch the leaves of those in the 
contiguous pots in the frames or in the propagating house. When a pot 
is filled give a gentle watering, and set it on one side to evaporate the 
moisture on the leaves and surface of the soil. Then plunge the 
cuttings in the frame, and shade them from the sun till they form a 
callosity (a swelling at their base). After that, reduce the shade 
gradually, using it only during bright sunshine. A little air may also 
he given every day by tilting the lights behind. The cuttings must 
be frequently examined to see if roots are formed ; and as soon as they 
are an ioch long place them into 60-size pots. A small addition of 
well-decomposed leaf mould may be mixed amongst the loam with 
advantage. When potted give another gentle watering, and replace 
them in the frame ; renew the shading, but disuse it as soon as it is safe 
to do so, and then give plenty of air to prevent their being drawn up 
and spindly. To cause them to become bushy plants nip off the top 
bud ; the lower side buds will then break, and the shoots from them 
must be again stopped as soon as they have made three leaves. The 
plants will then be ready for a second potting, and should be re¬ 
moved into the open air. The above directions, as far as the cuttings 
are concerned, relate only to the show varieties, as they are called ; but 
fancy varieties are more difficult to increase by cuttings. Insert the 
cuttings of these in shallow pans, 1J inch deep, with a hole in the 
centre, in the usual loam and sand, placing them on a shelf in the 
propagating house, or in the frame close to the glass upon inverted pots. 
Make the cuttings very short, with a portion of the old wood at the 
bottom of each. Very little water is to be given till the callosities are 
formed ; afterwards give it more freely, and when roots appear imme¬ 
diately pot the young plants and give the usual treatment. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(J. C. C.). —1, Diplacus glutinosus ; 2 , Begonia metallica ; 3, Fuchsia 
procumbens. («/. S. U .).—1 and I were not sufficiently fresh for 
recognition ; 2, Scrophularia aquatica ; 3, Euphorbia helioscopia. 
(//. J. E .').—Lilium lancifolium rubrum, a good variety, highly worthy 
of culture. We are obliged, by your encouraging letter. (A. C .).—The 
specks on the leaves appear to be of a fungoid nature, the result possibly 
of the wet season. The Spiraea is S. callosa. (A. IF.).—One of the con¬ 
ditions upon which we undertake to name plants is that the specimens 
be accompanied by flowers. We can only suggest that 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 
Odontoglossums, 5 is probably Epiden Irani vitellinum, and 6 resembles 
a Cymbidium. (IF., Berks ').—The Orchid, we think, is Epidendrum 
variegatum. The Miltouih is not specially subject to the spotting of 
which you complain ; perhaps it has been too freely watered over the 
foliage. (//. E. M .).—The leaf is like a small example of Clianthus 
puniceus ; the Californian flower was too much damaged to be recog¬ 
nised. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 15th. 
BUSINESS quieter, and prices generally lower. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
e. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Apple*, l sieve. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. .. 
10 
Oto 15 
0 
Cherries 1 , J sieve .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Cobs, 10U lbs. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, dozen. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Currants (Red), J sieve .. 
1 
6 
8 
0 
Pears, dozen. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
(31aok), £ sieve.. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Grapes, per ft. 
i 
6 
8 
0 
Strawberries, per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0- 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. •• 
2 
0 to 3 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 
to 1 
Asparagus,bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
8 
1 
» 
Beans, Kidney,per lb. .. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
New Potatoes, per owt... 
8 
0 
14 
o 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch. 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cabbage,dozen .. •• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
i 
0 
0 
0 
Capsicums, per 100 .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
6 
o 
Carrotp, bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
,, Kidney, per cwt. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
o 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. ,. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle 
X 
6 
0 
o 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
7 
Shallots, per tb .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
X 
6 
2 
0 
Heros, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
0 10 
Leeks, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
0. 
d. 
8 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0. 
da 
Abutilons, 12 bunches .. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
X 
0 
8 
0 
Asters, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pansies, 12 bchs 
1 
0 
3 
O' 
„ French, per bunch 
i 
0 
1 
6 
Pelargoniums, 12 trasses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Bouvardiae, bunch .. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
Pinks, various, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Calceolaria, 12 bunches.. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Polyanthus, 12 bunches.. 
0 
0 
0 
0> 
Camellias, 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pyrethrum, doz. bunches 
3 
0 
4 
» 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
X 
» 
,, 12 bunches .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,, (outdoor), 12 bchs 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Con.fliwer, 12 bunches.. 
i 
6 
8 
0 
,, (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
X 
0 
Daisies, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Tea, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
e 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ yellow . 
2 
0 
4 
o 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
,, (Mosb), 12 bunches 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lapageria, coloured, 12 
Stephanotis, 12 sprays .. 
1 
6 
3 
O’ 
blooms. 
1 
0 
i 
6 
Stocks, 12 bunches .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
O' 
Lavender, 12 bunches .. 
8 
0 
4 
0 
S weet Peas, dozen .. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium candidum, per 
Sweet Sultan, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunch 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tropaeolum, 12 bunches 
x 
0 
2 
» 
„ 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
Gladiolus, 12 eprays 
0 
6 
1 
© 
blooms. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
White Lilac, per bunch .. 
0 
0 
0 
o 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
S. 
1. 
0. 
d. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Fuchsia, dozen pots 
3 
0 to 9 
o 
Arbor vitae(golden) dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Genista, per dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Balsams, per dozen 
S 
0 
6 
0 
Heliotrope, dozen pots .. 
8 
0 
6 
o 
Calceolaria, per dozen.. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ivy Geranium. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Cineraria, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hydrangea, dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
18 
» 
Coleus, dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilies Valley, dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Crassuia, dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lilium, various, doz. pot s 
12 
0 
51 
0 
Dractena terminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
,, viridis, dozen.. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Erica, various, dozen .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Musk, dozen pots .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Euonymus, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen.. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
3 
6 
21 
0 
Ficus elastica, each 
i 
8 
7 
0 
Pelargoniums, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
» 
Foliage Plants, var.,each 
3 
0 
10 
0 
,, scarlet,doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
HARVEST TIME. 
The long spell of unsettled weather, a summer temperature 
below the average, and the sky overcast week after week, have 
combined to render our expectations of a late harvest a certainty.. 
Writing as we do, however, on the third day of hot, bright, and 
apparently settled weather, we feel hopeful that, though late, it 
will on the whole prove an abundant harvest. It is true, as usual, 
that there are those who take a very gloomy view of the outlook, 
and predict a great disaster for farmers, but we are not in sympathy 
with them, and prefer always to take as bright a view of things as- 
possible. No doubt the rain has done harm as well as good. We 
know of more than one lamentable instance of hay having been 
