Septembir 27, 1838. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
303 
moss and calcareous earth to their tight-bound earths, the effect of 
which they describe as having “ a loosening operation ”—that is, it 
renders the soil of their strong clays less tenacious, and, consequently, 
promotes the ready access of the moisture and gases of the atmosphere 
to the roots. The cultivator sometimes deludes himself with the conclu¬ 
sion that applying sand, marl, or clay, to a poor soil, merely serves to 
freshen it for a time, and that the effects of such applications are 
apparent for only a limited period. Some comparative experiments, 
however, which were made sixteen years since, on some poor, hungry 
Heath land in Norfolk, have up to this time served to demonstrate the 
error of such a conclusion. In these experiments the ground was 
marled with 20 cubic yards only per acre, and the same compost, it was 
then planted with a proper mixture of forest trees, and by the side of it 
a portion of the Heath, in a state of nature, was also planted with the 
same mixture of deciduous and Fir trees. The growth of the trees has 
been there rapid and permanent, but on the adjoining soil the trees 
have been stunted in their growth, miserable in appearance, and profit¬ 
less to their owner. Another, but the least commonly practised mode of 
improving the staple of a soil by earthy addition, is claying, a system 
of fertilising, the good effects of which are much less immediately 
apparent than chalking, and hence one of the chief causes of its disuse. 
It requires some little time to elapse, and some stirring of the soil, 
before the clay is so well mixed with a sandy soil as to produce that 
general increased attraction and retentive power for the atmospheric 
moisture which ever constitutes the chief good result of claying poor 
soils. Clay must be, moreover, applied in rather larger proportions to 
the soil than chalk, for not only is its application rarely required as a 
direct food for plants for the mere alumina which it contains, since 
this earth enters into the composition of plants in very small proportion, 
but there is also another reason for a more liberal addition of clay being 
required, which is the impure state in which the alumina exists in what 
are commonly called clay soils.. 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. (Novice). —1, Belgian Purple ; 2, Bradshaw ; 3, Prince 
Engelbert; 4, White Magnum Bonum ; 5, Hessle ; 6, Royale Hative. 
(S., Birmingham). — The Pears had no numbers attached, but the 
globular fruit is Ne Plus Ultra Meuris, the other we do not recognise. 
(H. M .).—The Plum is Goliath. (C. L .).—The Plums should be accom¬ 
panied by specimens of wood and foliage. A box of fruit has been re¬ 
ceived without any letter or indication where it is from. The Peaches 
are No. 1, Yiolette Hative ; 2, Teton de Venus ; 3, Barrington ; 4, Dr. 
Hogg. The Cherry is Belle Agathe, and the Apple is not known. (S. S.). 
—Red Autumn Calville. (G. L. Court ).—Marechal de Cour. (W. II.) 
—1, Fondante d’Automne ; 2, Gansel’s Bergamot; 3, Souvenir du 
Congres. 4, Nouveau Poiteau. 6, Comte de Lamy. {Dr. Lowther ).— 
2, White Paradise ; 4, Yorkshire Greening ; 5, Chaumontel. The others 
we cannot identify. (Ribstonc). —3, Minshall Crab ; 8, Court Pendu- 
plat; 9, Dutch Codlin ; 11, Federal Pearmain. 
Names of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes, 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(IF.).— Spiraea callosa alba. (J. It.). —Euonymus japonicus argenteo- 
marginatus. (J. C.). —It is a Hasmanthus, but the flower was in a state 
of decay when it reached us. (It. O. II.). —1, Aster bessarabicus ; 
2, Helianthus multiflorus ; 3, Papaver nudicaule. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET— September 2Gth. 
Cun market is now overstocked with Peaches, with difficulty clearing at low prices. 
Cobs down in price. 
FRUIT. 
Cherries, J sieve 
Currants (Red). J sieve .. 
„ (Black) J sieve.- 
Grapes, per lb. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 
Asparagus, bundle .. .. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
Beet,Red, dozen .. .. 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 
Brussels Sprouts, J sieve 
Cabbage, dozen ... ,. 
Capsicums, per 100 .. 
Carrots, bunch , • •. 
Cauli flowers, d ozen 
Celery, bundle .. .. 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
Cucumbers, each ., .. 
Endive, dozen ., .. .. 
Hero?, bunch. 
Leeks,bunch ., .. 
fl. 
a. 
s. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8 
6 to 4 
6 
Lemons, case.10 
0 to 15 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Orange?, per 100 .. .. 4 
0 
9 
0 
to 
0 
60 
0 
Peaches, dozen .. .. .. 2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, dozen.0 
9 
l 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Plum?, J-sieve.2 
0 
4 
0 
0 
e 
2 6 
VEGET 
St. Micuael Pines, each S 
ABLES. 
0 
6 
0 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
a. 
2 
0 to 8 
0 
Lettuce, dozen •• •• 0 
9 
to 1 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet •• 0 
6 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 0 
2 
0 
0 
I 
0 
2 
0 
New Potatoes, per cwt... 8 
0 
14 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bunch.. .. •• 0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 2 
S 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
X 
6 
0 
0 
Parsnips, dozen •• •• 1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
,, Kidney, per cwt. 4 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 0 
0 
8 
0 
8 
0 
4 
0 
2 
0 
0 
1 
a 
8 
0 
Saleafv, bundle .. .. 1 
0 
1 
6 
a 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle •• 1 
6 
0 
0 
0 
s 
0 
4 
Shallots, per lb •• •• 0 
Spinach, bushel •• •• 1 
3 
0 
0 
l 
0 
a 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
a 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 0 
3 
0 
0 
8 
0 
4 
Turnips, bunch •• •• 0 
4 
0 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
fl. 
a. 
8 
a. 
B. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Abutilons, 12 bunches .. 2 
0 to 3 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bnnehes 
s 
0 to 6 
0 
Arum LilieB,12 blooms .. S 
0 
6 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
i 
0 
8 
0 
Asters, dozen bunches . . 2 
0 
4 
0 
Parties, 12 bchs . . .. 
l 
0 
8 
0 
„ French, per bunch 1 
0 
i 
6 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 1 
6 
2 
0 
i, scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 0 
6 
i 
0 
Pyre thru no, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Calceolaria, 12 bunches. . 0 
0 
0 
0 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Camellias, 12 blooms .. 3 
0 
4 
0 
,, (outdoor), 12 bchs 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 0 
6 
1 
0 
„ (indoor), dozen .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ 12 bunches .. 4 
0 
6 
0 
,, Tea, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Chrysanthemums, 12 bl... 1 
0 
4 
0 
„ yellow . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
it 12 bchs. 2 
0 
6 
0 
Stephanotis, 12 sprays .. 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Oorrflower, 12 bnnehes.. 1 
0 
8 
0 
Stocks, 12 bunches .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Dahlias, 12 bunches.. .. 2 
0 
4 
0 
S weet Peas, dozen .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Daisies, 12 bunches .. 2 
0 
4 
0 
Sweet Sultan, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 2 
0 
4 
0 
Tropseolnm, 12 bunches 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Gardoniaa, 12 blooms .. 1 
6 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, i2 blooms .. 
0 
4 
0 
9 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 
0 
2 
6 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
8 
Lavender, 12 bunobes .. S 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
0 
4 
0 
Violets, 12 bunches.. 
„ Parme (French), 
1 
0 
1 
6 
blooms.2 
0 
4 
0 
per bunch .. 
8 
0 
4 
9 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
8. 
a. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
B. 
a. 
6 
otoia 
0 
Foliage Plants, var.,each 
2 
0 to 10 
0 
Arbor vita3(goldon) dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Fuchsia, dozen pots 
8 
0 
6 
u 
Asters, 12 pots. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Genista, per dozen 
6 
0 
0 
0 
Balsams, per dozen .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Heliotrope, dozen pots .. 
8 
0 
6 
0 
BegoEia, various, per doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Ivy Geranium. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chrysanthemum, doz. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hydrangea, dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
,, large, doz. 
16 
0 
24 
0 
Lilium, various, doz. po* s 
12 
0 
21 
0 
Coleus, dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
6 
0 
12 
G 
Crassula, dozen .. .. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 
0 
Musk, dozen pots .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
,, viridis, dozen.. 
Euonymus, in var.,dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Nastartioms, per dozen.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var.,each 
Pelargoniums, dozen 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
i 
8 
7 
0 
,, scarlet, doz. 
8 
0 
6 
PROGRESS. 
Sweet are the lessons of adversity when so applied as to 
ensure prosperity in the future, and there is ample evidence on all 
sides that the stern teaching of the agricultural depression has 
and is leading to a marked improvement in practical farming. The 
agricultural Press teems with instructive articles calculated to 
render farmers more hopeful, and if possible more energetic. A 
calm reasonable view of the situation has brought conviction to the 
minds of all sensible agriculturists that a prosperous future is 
possible. There are not wanting many who cry out about the risk 
of disaster from a wet summer, while others of a cynical disposi¬ 
tion indulge in a sneer at landlords farming, and much grumbling 
at the condition of things in general. 
Speculative farming as a remedy for hard times, such as the 
cultivation of Sugar Beet, Tobacco, Flax, fruit and vegetables has 
in most cases ended disastrously. Fruit and vegetables, if local 
conditions are favourable, undoubtedly answer well under skilful 
intelligent management, and it is precisely the absence of these 
qualifications which so often leads to failure. Take the examples 
of either fruit or vegetables to be seen in most provincial markets ; 
few, if any of them, are really good, and there can be no doubt 
that superior goods would command a ready market. In proof of 
this we may mention a case which came under our notice many 
years ago. The produce of a large private garden noted for its ex¬ 
cellence was for certain reasons thrown suddenly upon the market 
of a large town where there was already an apparently super¬ 
abundant supply, but the superiority of the goods from that garden 
ensured a brisk sale and higher price than ordinary market rates. 
The moral is plain enough ; if a farmer thinks of turning part of 
his farm into a market garden let him consider well whether he 
has sufficient skill and capital for the production of a really first- 
class article, and if the conclusion be at all doubtful let him con¬ 
fine his efforts to the cultivation of crops which he really under¬ 
stands. We once heard an excellent farmer of considerable local 
fame as a breeder of choice horses and bullocks declare that he had 
