October 11, 1889. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
349 
laid on the concrete, the bottom falling to it from all points. The drain 
should have proper fall and outlet. 
Trees and Shrubs for Clay Soil (6 T . L. ./.).—Of the kinds you 
name Ribes speciosum is not likely to succeed unless given the 
protection of a wall. Lilac, single pink May, and Syringa, will 
no doubt do well, and the Lime may do so if there is no water 
lodging in the ground. Laurel and Austrian Pine will succeed, 
the latter bearing exposure well; indeed it is the best shelter tree 
extant. Butcher’s Broom and Gum Cistus would suffer from frost. 
Lonicera flexuosa would do on the west aspect of the house, also 
Bignoniaradicans sanguinea, Clematis Jaekmanni, C. Henryi, Aristolochia 
Sipho, and Glycine sinends. Jasminum nudiflorum, Crataegus pyra- 
cantha Lelandi, and white Jasmine (Jasminum officinale grandiflorum 
majus) on the east. Two Roses for front of house may be Gloire de 
Diion and Rove d’Or, or Celine Forestier. 
Hyacinths and Tulips in Pots (IF. S. <*?.).—About six weeks arc 
required for the pots to remain plunged in ashes after the bulbs arc 
potted. In the absence of ashes sand may be employed, and if of a 
sharp gritty nature is quite as good. We invert a small pot over the 
bulb of the Hyacinth, and cover with about 6 inches of cocoa-nut fibre 
refuse. As both the Hyacinths and Tulips will have grown somewhat 
when they are removed from the plunging material, care must be taken 
not to expose them suddenly to strong light or powerful sun, but they 
must be gradually inured to it, so as to prevent the foliage being damaged. 
Placed in a light airy position in a greenhouse, they will flower in March 
and April. The Tulips we presume are of the usual early varieties. A 
suitable compost for potting the bulbs is turfy loam of medium texture 
broken up moderately fine, to which add a fifth of well decayed manure 
or a fourth of leaf soil and a sixth of sharp sand. A quart of soot may 
be added to every bushel of compost, and the whole thoroughly in¬ 
corporated. 
Ground Infested with Wireworm (//. —The wireworms cer¬ 
tainly change into a winged insect—viz., beetles, well-known under the 
names of click beetle, snap beetle, spring beetle, or skipjack. There 
are many species of click beetles. The most hurtful species, according 
to the observations of entomologists, are Athdus hcemorrhoidalis, Agriotes 
lineatus, A. obscurus,.and A. sputator. Their depredations are in some 
instances known to continue over five years— i.e.. whan they are in the 
larval condition. They are most abundant on unbroken ground, in 
which they multiply and spread to adjacent ground. Soil that has lain 
fallow or has been in grass for some years and is broken up, is often so 
infested that the crops grown in it are apt to suffer severely from wire- 
worm. Perhaps the most effectual remedy is to starve out the larvae, 
merely turning over the ground frequently, alike to destroy weeds and 
expose the wireworms to the eyes of birds, particularly starlings. If this 
be objectionable, dress the ground with fresh gas lime at the rate of half 
a bushel per rod, disposing it evenly on the surface, and point in lightly 
with a fork ; in fact the ground should be merely pricked over. This 
may be done now. In the course of a month or six weeks in favourable 
weather fork over the ground a spit deep. Let it lie until February, and 
then trench it as deeply as the good soil allows. It may be manured 
afterwards, pointing it in, and planted in due season with Gladioli. 
Pieces of Carrot or Potato may be used as traj s after the Gladioli are 
put in. These should be turned a little beneath the surface, and 
removed daily, examined, and the wireworms on them collected and 
destroyed. 
names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit 
to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether 
letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or not. The names are 
not necessarily required for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only 
six specimens can be named at once, and any beyond that number cannot 
be preserved. We have several packages of fruit in which there is no 
indication of the name of the sender, and consequently it is impossible 
for us to notice them. (.Jno. Weaver). —Loddington. ( Edmund Essing). 
—1, Suffolk Thorn ; 2, Comte de Lamv ; 3, Fondante d’Automne ; 4, 
Beurre Superfin ; 5, Vicar of Winkfield ; 6, Devonshire Queen (A.).— 
1, Beurrd Ranee; 2, Bergamotte Esperen ; 3, Beurre Diel; 4, Beurrd 
Langelier. (. Fullbrooltx ).—The numbers of 1 and 4 were loose. The 
Pear is Bergamotte Esperen ; the Apple not known ; 2, Hawthornden ; 
3, Summer Strawberry ; 5, Chaumontel ; 6, Susette de Bavay. (./. Mog- 
ridge ).—1, Beum; d’Amanlis ; 2, Pearson’s Plate; 3, Hawthornden ; 4, 
Beauty of Kent; 5, Cellini ; fi, Braddick’s Nonpareil. ( G. L. Court'). — 
Marbchal de Cour, will succeed as a standard, but better as a bush. (A. 
Alexander). —1, Dumelovv’s Seedling ; 2, Keswick Codlin ; 15, Red 
Astrachan ; 10, Lord Suffield ; 18, Gravenstein ; 14, Warwickshire 
Pippin. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(G . It.). —We do not undertake to name varieties of Pelargoniums ; 3 
is Abutilon Queen of the Yellows ; 4, Nerine Fothergilli ; 5, Abutilon 
vexillarium. (i?. 0. S.). —1, Asplenium cicutarium ; 2, Adiantum 
scutum; 3, Adiantum farleyense ; 4, Pteris internata. (IF. P.). —1, 
Nerine coruscans ; 2, Nerine Fothergilli major ; 3, Lrelia l’errini. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— October 10th. 
I.MI’ROVEM ENT in the demand for Beaches, otherwise no alteration. 
FRUIT. 
b. d. 
8. d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Apples, i sieve.2 6 
io 4 8 
Lemons, caRe. 
10 
0 to IB 
o 
Cherries, £ sieve .. .. 0 0 
0 0 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Gobs, 100 lbs.60 0 
65 0 
Peaches, dozen. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Currants (Red). $ sieve .. 0 0 
0 0 
Pears, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
,, (Black), £ sieve.. 0 0 
0 0 
Plums, £-sieve. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Grapes, per ft.0 6 
2 6 
St. Micnael Pines, each 
s 
0 
6 
0 
s. d. 
VEGET 
b. d. 
ABLE3. 
8. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. •• 2 0 
Asparagus,bundle .. .. 0 0 
to 8 0 
Lettuce, dozen .. 
0 
9 to 1 
3 
0 0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
0 
6 
1 
O 
Beans, Kidney,per lb. .. 0 2 
0 0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
0 
2 
0 
O 
Beet, Red, dozen .. ..10 
S 0 
New Potatoes,per cwt... 
8 
0 
14 
0 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 0 0 
0 0 
Ouions, bunch. 
Parsley,dozen bunches 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts, $ sieve 
0 0 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Cabbage,dozen .. •• 1 6 
0 0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
l 
0 
0 
0 
Capsicums, per 100 ..0 0 
0 0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 0 4 
0 0 
,, Kidney, per cwt. 
Rhubarb, bundle •• •• 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 3 0 
4 0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle .. .. 1 6 
2 0 
Salsafy, bundle .. 
1 
0 
1 
8 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 2 0 
4 0 
Scorzonera, bundle •• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, each .. .. 0 5 
0 4 
Shallots, per lb .. .. 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
0 
s 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen.. 1 0 
2 0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Heros, bunch.0 2 
0 0 
Tomatoes, per lb. .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
7 
Lseks, bunch .. .... 0 3 
0 4 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
B. d. 
CUT FL 
8 d. 
OWER3. 
S. 
r*. 
S. 
a. 
Abntiionfl, 12bunches .. 2 0 to 4 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 3 0 
6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
1 
0 
8 
0 
Asters, dozen bunches .. 2 0 
4 0 
Pansies, 12 bchs .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
a 
„ French, per bunch 1 0 
1 6 
Pelargoniums, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 1 0 
2 0 
M scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Bouvardias, bunch.. .. 0 6 
1 0 
Pyrethrum, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Calceolaria, 12 bunches.. 0 0 
0 0 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
,, (outdoor), 12 bchs 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Camellias, 12 blooms ..3 0 
4 0 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 10 
2 0 
,, (indoor), dozen •• 
0 
6 
1 
0 
,, 12 bunches .. 4 0 
6 0 
„ Tea, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Chrysanthemums, 12 bl... 1 0 
4 0 
„ yellow . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ 12 bchs. 2 0 
6 0 
Stephanotis, 12 sprays .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cornflower, 12 bunches.. 1 0 
8 0 
Stock s, 12 bunches .. .. 
4 
0 
•6 
0 
Dahlias, 12 bunches.. .. 2 0 
4 0 
S veet Peas, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Daisies, 12 bunches .. 2 0 
4 0 
Sweet Sultan, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
a 
Eucharis, dozen .• .. 2 0 
4 0 
Tropieolum, 12 banches 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 1 6 
4 0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
0 
4 
0 
9- 
Lapageria. 12 blooms .. 10 
2 6 
Gladiolus, 12 sprays 
0 
6 
1 
8 
Lavender, 12 bunches .. 3 0 
4 0 
Violets, 12 bunohes.. .. 
i 
0 
1 
8 
Lilium longiflorum, 12 
blooms.3 0 
6 0 
„ Parme (French), 
per bunch .. 
s 
0 
4 
a 
PLANTS 
8. d. B. d. 
IN POTS. 
S. 
d. 
0. 
a. 
Aralia Sieboldi, dozen .. 6 0tol2 0 
Foliage Plants, var.,each 
Fuchsia, dozen pots , • 
2 
0 to 10 
a 
Arbor vitse(goldcn) dozen 12 0 
24 0 
3 
0 
8 
a 
Asters, 12 pots.3 0 
Balsams, per dozen .. 0 0 
6 0 
Genista, per dozen •• 
Heliotrope, dozen pots .. 
6 
0 
0 
a 
0 0 
8 
0 
6 
0 
Begonia, various, per doz. 4 0 
Chrysanthemum, doz. .. 4 0 
9 0 
Ivy Geranium. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
9 0 
Hydrangea, dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
,, large, doz. 15 0 
24 0 
Lilium, various, doz. pots 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
12 
0 
21 
0 
Coleus, dozen.2 0 
4 0 
6 
0 
12 
a 
Craseuia, dozen .. .. 0 0 
0 0 
Mignonette, per dozen .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 30 0 
60 0 
Musk, dozen pots .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ viridie, dozen.. 12 0 
24 0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Euonymus, in var., dozen 6 0 
18 0 
Nastartinms, per dozen.. 
0 
0 
0 
a 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 6 0 
24 0 
Palms, in var. ,each .. 
Pelargoniums, dozen 
2 
6 
21 
a 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 4 0 
18 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. 1 8 
7 0 
,, scarlet, doz. 
8 
0 
6 
a 
OUR FUTURE. 
At Michaelmas we begin another farming year, and our plans 
for the ensuing twelve months have to he considered and arranged. 
In doing this lessons of the past are not forgotten, and possibilities 
of improvement in the future also have attention. Long expe¬ 
rience has shown that it is unwise to take results of a season or two 
as our guide to plans for the future, but rather to take an average 
of seasons and results as a basis for our calculations. If, for 
example, we were to take the last two seasons, we have one of 
drought, and another of extreme changes, but chiefly remarkable 
for its low temperature and wet weather. The summers of 188G-7 
undoubtedly afford proof of the uncertainty of our climate, and go 
to prove that however carefully a farmer’s plans may be laid, how¬ 
ever good his practice may be, his aims and ends may be defeated 
by untimely weather. Well, such difficulties are taken for granted 
by all sensible men, and they continue to plod on, doing their 
utmost for the land and the crops they put in it. 
In doing this, the plodding is not confined to a slavish, blind 
