February 16 , 1888. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER 
141 
45 to 50°, and when rooted be removed to the cold frame. Give 
them air whenever the weather is mild, and protect the lights with mats 
when necessary. In April, when the roots are showing at the sides of 
the pots, shift into 5-inch pots, and early in May, or at the end of April if 
rnild, the plants may be placed out of doors on ashes in an open situa¬ 
tion sheltered from winds. Shift into the blooming pots by the middle 
of June, using the same compost as before, with tlie addition of a quart 
of half-inch bones to every peck of compost, and we should drain the 
pots with calcined oj'ster shells. Eight-inch pots will answer for the 
Pompons and the less promising of the Large flowering kinds, but good 
plants of the latter may have 10-inch pots. Stop the plants when 
they are G inches high, and when they have made other shoots stop 
these in their turn at 5 inches. When they have again shoots an inch or 
two long peg down the shoots, taking care not to break them, and stop 
again at the fourth leaf, continuing the stopping up to the beginning of 
July, but not later. Tie out the shoots so as to form a well-shai;)ed 
plant. Keep them well supplied with water, and when the flower buds 
appear water with liquid manure. Remove the plants to a cool, light, 
airy house in October, and merely keep them from frost. 
Heat and Plants QE. Maso)i). —Plants, like animals, can bear a 
higher temperature in dry air than they can in air charged with vapour. 
Animals are scalded in the latter if the temperature is very elevated, 
and plants die under similar circumstances, as if boiled. MM. Edwards 
and Colin found Kidney Beans sustained no injury, when the air was 
dry, at a temperature of 170°; but they died in a few minutes if the 
air was moist. Other plants under similar circumstances would perish 
probably at a much lower temperature ; and the fact affords a warning 
to the gardener to have the atmosphere in his stoves very dry when¬ 
ever he wishes to elevate their temperature for the destruction of 
insects or other purposes. Certain plants flourish in hot-water springs, 
of which the temperature varies between the scalding heats of from 150° 
to 180° of Fahrenheit’s thermometer ; and others have been found grow¬ 
ing freely on the edges of volcanoes, in an atmosphere heated above the 
boiling point of water. Indeed, it is quite certain that most plants will 
better bear, for a short time, an elevated temperature, which, if long 
continued would destroy them, than they can a low temperature. 
Thus a temperature much above the freezing point of water, to orchid¬ 
aceous and other tropical plants, is generally fatal if endured by them 
for only a few minutes ; whereas a considerable elevation above a 
salutary temperature is rarely injurious to plants. But this is not 
universally the case ; for the elegant Primula marginata is so impatient 
of heat, that, although just about to bloom, it never opens a bud if 
brought into a room in which there is a fire. The temperature should 
always be regulated, in our hothouses, with a due regard to the light. 
At night it should be so low as to put the circulation of the sap into a 
comparative state of rest; and in dull days the temperature should be 
full 10° lower than in those of bright sunshine. 
Weather Sig-ns (A". James'). —There are so many “ signs ” and 
fancies on this subject that it is impossible to collect and publish the 
whole of them, as you appear to desire. No doubt the subject is of 
interest to cultivators, but it is possible to have too much of a good, or 
bad, thing, just as it may be regarded by different persons who enter¬ 
tain divergent views on the matter. A few of the more marked signs of 
weather, considered useful alike to farmer and gardener, are the follow¬ 
ing :—1, Weather clear or cloudy—a rosy sky at sunset presages fine 
weather ; a red sky in the morning bad weather, or much wind (perhaps 
rain) ; a grey sky in the morning, fine weather; a high dawn, wind ; a 
low dawn, fair weather. 2, Soft-looking or delicate clouds foretell fine 
weather, with moderate or light breezes ; hard-edged, oily-looking clouds, 
wind. A dark, gloomy, blue sky is windy ; but a light bright blue sky 
indicates fine weather. Generally, the softer clouds look the less wind 
(but, perhaps, more rain) may be expected; and the harder, more 
“greasy,” rolled, tufted, or ragged, the stronger the coming wind will 
prove. Also, a bright yellow sky at sunset presages wind ; a pale yellow, 
wet; and thus by the prevalence of red, yellow, or grey tints, the coming 
weather may be foretold very nearly—indeed, if aided by instruments, 
almost exactly. 3, Small, inky-looking clouds foretell rain ; light scud- 
clouds driving across heavy masses show wind and rain ; but, if alone, 
may indicate wind only. 4, High upper clouds crossing the sun, moon, 
or stars, in a direction different from that of the lower clouds, or the 
wind then felt below, foretell a change of wind. 5, After fine clear 
weather, the first signs in the sky of a coming change are unusually 
light streaks, curls, wisps, or mottled patches of white distant cloud, 
which increase, and are followed by an overcasting of murky vapour 
that grows into cloudines.s. This appearance, more or less oily, or watery, 
as wind or rain will prevail, is an infallible sign. G, Usually, the higher 
and more distant such clouds seem to be, the more gradual but general 
the coming change of weather will prove. 7, Light, delicate, quiet tints 
or colours, with soft undefined forms of clouds, indicate ami accompany 
fine weather ; but gaudy or unusual hues, with hard definitely outlinerl 
clouds foretell rain, and probably strong wind. 8, Misty clouds forming, 
or hanging on heights, show wind and rain coming—if they remain, in¬ 
crease, or descend. If they rise or disperse the weather will improve or 
become fine. 9, Remarkable clearness of atmosphere near the horizon, 
distant objects, such as hills, usually visible, or raised (by refraction), 
and what is called “ a good hearing day,” may be mentioned among the 
signs of wet, if not wind, to be expected, 10, More than usual twinkling 
of the stars, indistinctness or apparent multiplication of the moon’s 
horns, haloes, “• wind do?s,’’ and the rainbow, are more or less significant 
of increasing wind, if not approaching rain, with or without wind. 
irames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry cotton 
wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once, 
(J. M .).—It is impossible to name with certainty a leafless spray, but if 
you will send us a flowering spray, if one is produced, at the right time, 
or failing that a leaf-bearing branch, we think we shall be able to give 
the name of the tree. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— Febetjaby 15th. 
Good Bample3 of Grapes are now coming short, and prices have improved all ronnd. 
Apples in demand.^Baslne88 better. 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Artichokev, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 to 2 
0 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
0 
9 to 1 
3 
Asparagus, bundle.. • • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms, punnet 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney,perIb. .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punt. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen ,, 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions, bunch. 
0 
8 
0 
0 
Broccoli, bundle ., .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
s 
0 
Brussels Sprout?, i sieve 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. •• 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cabbage, dozen .• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Capsicum?, per 100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
„ kidney, per cwt. 
4 
0 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch • • • • 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. ,. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Celery, bundle .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle 
1 
tf 
0 
0 
Coleworts, doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Seakale, basket •* •• 
1 
0 
1 
s 
Cucumbers, each ,, ,, 
0 
6 
1 
3 
Shallots, per Ib. 
0 
s 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen ,, ,. ,. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Spinach, bushel •• .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Herbs, bunch. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
XieokSa bunch •• •• •• 
0 
5 
0 
4 
Turnips, bnueb 
0 
4 
0 
6 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
a. 
Apple?, J sieve.* •• •• 
2 
6 
to 4 
6 
Oranges, per 100 .. .. 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
Nova Scotia and 
Pears, dozen. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Canada barrel 10 
0 
18 
0 
Pine Apples, English 
Cobs, 100 lbs.. 
45 
0 
0 
0 
per Ib... 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
3 
6 
5 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each 
S 
0 
5 
0 
T^moiis, case. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0. 
a. 
Araiia Sieboldi, dozen .. 
6 
0tol2 
0 
Fuchsia, dozen. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
Arbor vlt8e(golden) dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Genista, per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ (common),dozen.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Hyacinths, dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Azalea, dozen. 
24 
0 
42 
0 
„ (Homan), doz. 
9 
0 
10 
0 
Cineraria, dozen . • «. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Hydrangea,dozen .. ., 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cyclamen, dozen .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Lilies Valley, dozen 
18 
0 
24 
(► 
Dielytra, per dozsn 
1* 
0 
18 
0 
Lilium laiicifoUum, doz. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Deutzia, per dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, doz. 
30 
0 
60 
0 
Myrtles, dozen,. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
„ viridis, dozen.. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Narciss, per dozen 
8 
0 
10 
0 
Epiphyllnm, dozen .. .. 
10 
0 
18 
0 
Palms, in var.,each 
2 
6 
21 
0 
Erica, various, dozen 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, dozen 
0 
0 
0 
Euonymus, invar.,dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
,, scarlet, doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Perns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanum, dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
12 
G 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
1 
6 
7 
0 
Tubps, dozen pots .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Foliage Plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
CUT 
FLOWERS. 
B. 
d. 
s 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0. 
a. 
AbntUons, 12 bnnehes .. 
s 
0 to 6 
0 
Lilies, White, 12 bunches 
0 
0 to 0 
o 
Anemones (French), 12 
,, Cringe, 12 bunches 
0 
0 
0 
0 - 
bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Lily of the Valley, 12 
Arnm Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
a 
Azalea, 12 sprsys .. .. 
0 
8 
1 
0 
Migaonette. 12 bunches 
s 
0 
6 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Narciss, white (Piench)12 
Camellias, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
bueebee . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Ceroations, 12 blooms .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Narciss, various, 12 bcha 
8 
0 
6 
0 - 
Christmas Boses er 
PelargoninmB, 12 trusses 
1 
y 
1 
6 
Hellebore, 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Chrysanthemumfl,12bchs. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsettia, 12 blooms . , 
2 
0 
6 
0 
„ 12 blooms 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Primroses, 12 bunches .. 
1 
0 
s 
O' 
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 
U 
G 
1 
0 
Primula (single), bunch.. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
DafCcdils, Double, 12 bobs 
6 
0 
12 
0 
M (double), bunch .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
„ Single, 12 bebs 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Roses, Red, 12 blooms .. 
fi 
0 
9 
0 
Daisies, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,, (indoor), dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Epiphyllum. 12 blooms .. 
0 
6 
0 
9 
„ Tea, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
G 
G 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
red, dozen (French) 
1 
6 
S 
0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
„ yellow . 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths, Roman, 12 
Snowdrops, 12 bunches .. 
0 
2 
G 
sprays 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Stephanotis, 12 sprays .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
„ French, 12 
Tropseolum, 12 bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
bnnobes .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lapageria, coloured, 12 
Tulips, dozen blooms .. 
0 
9 
1 
G 
blooms. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Violets, 12 bunches.. .. 
1 
0 
1 
€ 
Lilinm longidorum, 12 
„ (French), bunch 
1 
6 
2 
0 
blooms. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ (Parme), bunch 
5 
u 
7 
G 
Marguerites, 12 bnnobes 
2 
0 
6 
0 
White Lilac, per bunch .. 
5 
0 
6 
0 
PERMANENT PASTURE. 
One of the subjects for discussion in which we took part at a 
recent meeting of our local Farmers’ Club was permanent failure. 
